메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 528-576

Clinical pharmacology of incretin therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Implications for treatment

Author keywords

Alogliptin; DPP 4 inhibitors; Exenatide; GLP 1 receptor agonists; Incretin therapies; Liraglutide; Saxagliptin; Sitagliptin; Type 2 diabetes; Vildagliptin

Indexed keywords

ALBIGLUTIDE; ALOGLIPTIN; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; ATORVASTATIN; DIGOXIN; DILTIAZEM; DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; EXENDIN 4; GLIBENCLAMIDE; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1 RECEPTOR AGONIST; GRISEOFULVIN; INCRETIN; KETOCONAZOLE; LEVONORGESTREL; LIRAGLUTIDE; LISINOPRIL; METFORMIN; MEVINOLIN; PARACETAMOL; PIOGLITAZONE; RIFAMPICIN; ROSIGLITAZONE; SAXAGLIPTIN; SIMVASTATIN; SITAGLIPTIN; TASPOGLUTIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VILDAGLIPTIN; WARFARIN;

EID: 79958743689     PISSN: 01492918     EISSN: 1879114X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.04.024     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (43)

References (167)
  • 1
    • 33645071360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human duodenal enteroendocrine cells: source of both incretin peptides, GLP-1 and GIP
    • Theodorakis M.J., Carlson O., Michopoulos S., et al. Human duodenal enteroendocrine cells: source of both incretin peptides, GLP-1 and GIP. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006, 290:E550-E559.
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.290
    • Theodorakis, M.J.1    Carlson, O.2    Michopoulos, S.3
  • 2
    • 0022461548 scopus 로고
    • Incretin effects of increasing glucose loads in man calculated from venous insulin and C-peptide responses
    • Nauck M.A., Homberger E., Siegel E.G., et al. Incretin effects of increasing glucose loads in man calculated from venous insulin and C-peptide responses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986, 63:492-498.
    • (1986) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.63 , pp. 492-498
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Homberger, E.2    Siegel, E.G.3
  • 3
    • 0024524991 scopus 로고
    • Insulin, glucagon, and catecholamines in prevention of hypoglycemia during fasting
    • Boyle P.J., Shah S.D., Cryer P.E. Insulin, glucagon, and catecholamines in prevention of hypoglycemia during fasting. Am J Physiol 1989, 256(5 Pt 1):E651-E661.
    • (1989) Am J Physiol , vol.256 , Issue.5 PART 1
    • Boyle, P.J.1    Shah, S.D.2    Cryer, P.E.3
  • 4
    • 0036959991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 on counterregulatory hormone responses, cognitive functions, and insulin secretion during hyperinsulinemic, stepped hypoglycemic clamp experiments in healthy volunteers
    • Nauck M.A., Heimesaat M.M., Behle K., et al. Effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 on counterregulatory hormone responses, cognitive functions, and insulin secretion during hyperinsulinemic, stepped hypoglycemic clamp experiments in healthy volunteers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002, 87:1239-1246.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 1239-1246
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Heimesaat, M.M.2    Behle, K.3
  • 5
    • 0030667056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibition of gastric emptying outweighs its insulinotropic effects in healthy humans
    • Nauck M.A., Niedereichholz U., Ettler R., et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibition of gastric emptying outweighs its insulinotropic effects in healthy humans. Am J Physiol 1997, 273(5 Pt 1):E981-E988.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.273 , Issue.5 PART 1
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Niedereichholz, U.2    Ettler, R.3
  • 6
    • 0031695395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide 1 increases the period of postprandial satiety and slows gastric emptying in obese men
    • Naslund E., Gutniak M., Skogar S., et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 increases the period of postprandial satiety and slows gastric emptying in obese men. Am J Clin Nutr 1998, 68:525-530.
    • (1998) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.68 , pp. 525-530
    • Naslund, E.1    Gutniak, M.2    Skogar, S.3
  • 7
    • 13344282056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for glucagon-like peptide-1 in the central regulation of feeding
    • Turton M.D., O'Shea D., Gunn I., et al. A role for glucagon-like peptide-1 in the central regulation of feeding. Nature 1996, 379:69-72.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.379 , pp. 69-72
    • Turton, M.D.1    O'Shea, D.2    Gunn, I.3
  • 8
    • 63849248275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 plays a physiological role in satiety
    • Williams D.L., Baskin D.G., Schwartz M.W. Evidence that intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 plays a physiological role in satiety. Endocrinology 2009, 150:1680-1687.
    • (2009) Endocrinology , vol.150 , pp. 1680-1687
    • Williams, D.L.1    Baskin, D.G.2    Schwartz, M.W.3
  • 9
    • 67649649953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minireview: finding the sweet spot: peripheral versus central glucagon-like peptide 1 action in feeding and glucose homeostasis
    • Williams D.L. Minireview: finding the sweet spot: peripheral versus central glucagon-like peptide 1 action in feeding and glucose homeostasis. Endocrinology 2009, 150:2997-3001.
    • (2009) Endocrinology , vol.150 , pp. 2997-3001
    • Williams, D.L.1
  • 10
    • 0141785429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide promotes beta-(INS-1) cell survival via cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated caspase-3 inhibition and regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
    • Ehses J.A., Casilla V.R., Doty T., et al. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide promotes beta-(INS-1) cell survival via cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated caspase-3 inhibition and regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Endocrinology 2003, 144:4433-4445.
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 4433-4445
    • Ehses, J.A.1    Casilla, V.R.2    Doty, T.3
  • 11
    • 0345374580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibits cell apoptosis and improves glucose responsiveness of freshly isolated human islets
    • Farilla L., Bulotta A., Hirshberg B., et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibits cell apoptosis and improves glucose responsiveness of freshly isolated human islets. Endocrinology 2003, 144:5149-5158.
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 5149-5158
    • Farilla, L.1    Bulotta, A.2    Hirshberg, B.3
  • 12
    • 0034522773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide-1 induces cell proliferation and pancreatic-duodenum homeobox-1 expression and increases endocrine cell mass in the pancreas of old, glucose-intolerant rats
    • Perfetti R., Zhou J., Doyle M.E., Egan J.M. Glucagon-like peptide-1 induces cell proliferation and pancreatic-duodenum homeobox-1 expression and increases endocrine cell mass in the pancreas of old, glucose-intolerant rats. Endocrinology 2000, 141:4600-4605.
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 4600-4605
    • Perfetti, R.1    Zhou, J.2    Doyle, M.E.3    Egan, J.M.4
  • 13
    • 0037312821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of GLP-1 on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: effects on beta-cell sensitivity in type 2 and nondiabetic subjects
    • Kjems L.L., Holst J.J., Volund A., Madsbad S. The influence of GLP-1 on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: effects on beta-cell sensitivity in type 2 and nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes 2003, 52:380-386.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 380-386
    • Kjems, L.L.1    Holst, J.J.2    Volund, A.3    Madsbad, S.4
  • 14
    • 0029118049 scopus 로고
    • Degradation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and truncated glucagon-like peptide 1 in vitro and in vivo by dipeptidyl peptidase IV
    • Kieffer T.J., McIntosh C.H., Pederson R.A. Degradation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and truncated glucagon-like peptide 1 in vitro and in vivo by dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Endocrinology 1995, 136:3585-3596.
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 3585-3596
    • Kieffer, T.J.1    McIntosh, C.H.2    Pederson, R.A.3
  • 15
    • 0033766716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degradation of endogenous and exogenous gastric inhibitory polypeptide in healthy and in type 2 diabetic subjects as revealed using a new assay for the intact peptide
    • Deacon C.F., Nauck M.A., Meier J., et al. Degradation of endogenous and exogenous gastric inhibitory polypeptide in healthy and in type 2 diabetic subjects as revealed using a new assay for the intact peptide. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000, 85:3575-3581.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 3575-3581
    • Deacon, C.F.1    Nauck, M.A.2    Meier, J.3
  • 16
    • 0037241085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Similar elimination rates of glucagon-like peptide-1 in obese type 2 diabetic patients and healthy subjects
    • Vilsboll T., Agerso H., Krarup T., Holst J.J. Similar elimination rates of glucagon-like peptide-1 in obese type 2 diabetic patients and healthy subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003, 88:220-224.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 220-224
    • Vilsboll, T.1    Agerso, H.2    Krarup, T.3    Holst, J.J.4
  • 17
    • 1442350411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secretion, degradation, and elimination of glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and healthy control subjects
    • Meier J.J., Nauck M.A., Kranz D., et al. Secretion, degradation, and elimination of glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and healthy control subjects. Diabetes 2004, 53:654-662.
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , pp. 654-662
    • Meier, J.J.1    Nauck, M.A.2    Kranz, D.3
  • 18
    • 0028224617 scopus 로고
    • The insulinotropic actions of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-37) in normal and diabetic subjects
    • Elahi D., McAloon-Dyke M., Fukagawa N.K., et al. The insulinotropic actions of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-37) in normal and diabetic subjects. Regul Pept 1994, 51:63-74.
    • (1994) Regul Pept , vol.51 , pp. 63-74
    • Elahi, D.1    McAloon-Dyke, M.2    Fukagawa, N.K.3
  • 19
    • 0027391607 scopus 로고
    • Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide 1 [7-36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus
    • Nauck M.A., Heimesaat M.M., Orskov C., et al. Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide 1 [7-36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1993, 91:301-307.
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.91 , pp. 301-307
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Heimesaat, M.M.2    Orskov, C.3
  • 20
    • 0027248866 scopus 로고
    • Normalization of fasting hyperglycaemia by exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36 amide) in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients
    • Nauck M.A., Kleine N., Orskov C., et al. Normalization of fasting hyperglycaemia by exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36 amide) in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Diabetologia 1993, 36:741-744.
    • (1993) Diabetologia , vol.36 , pp. 741-744
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Kleine, N.2    Orskov, C.3
  • 21
    • 0031033531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Near-normalisation of diurnal glucose concentrations by continuous administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in subjects with NIDDM
    • Rachman J., Barrow B.A., Levy J.C., Turner R.C. Near-normalisation of diurnal glucose concentrations by continuous administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in subjects with NIDDM. Diabetologia 1997, 40:205-211.
    • (1997) Diabetologia , vol.40 , pp. 205-211
    • Rachman, J.1    Barrow, B.A.2    Levy, J.C.3    Turner, R.C.4
  • 22
    • 33644819643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exendin-4, but not glucagon-like peptide-1, is cleared exclusively by glomerular filtration in anaesthetised pigs
    • Simonsen L., Holst J.J., Deacon C.F. Exendin-4, but not glucagon-like peptide-1, is cleared exclusively by glomerular filtration in anaesthetised pigs. Diabetologia 2006, 49:706-712.
    • (2006) Diabetologia , vol.49 , pp. 706-712
    • Simonsen, L.1    Holst, J.J.2    Deacon, C.F.3
  • 24
    • 33847367822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide effects on statin pharmacokinetics and lipid response
    • Kothare P.A., Linnebjerg H., Skrivanek Z., et al. Exenatide effects on statin pharmacokinetics and lipid response. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007, 45:114-120.
    • (2007) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.45 , pp. 114-120
    • Kothare, P.A.1    Linnebjerg, H.2    Skrivanek, Z.3
  • 25
    • 33748637338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of exenatide on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy Asian men
    • Soon D., Kothare P.A., Linnebjerg H., et al. Effect of exenatide on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy Asian men. J Clin Pharmacol 2006, 46:1179-1187.
    • (2006) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.46 , pp. 1179-1187
    • Soon, D.1    Kothare, P.A.2    Linnebjerg, H.3
  • 26
    • 23944433914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of exenatide on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of digoxin
    • Kothare P.A., Soon D.K., Linnebjerg H., et al. Effect of exenatide on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of digoxin. J Clin Pharmacol 2005, 45:1032-1037.
    • (2005) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.45 , pp. 1032-1037
    • Kothare, P.A.1    Soon, D.K.2    Linnebjerg, H.3
  • 27
    • 17644401388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of an oral drug (acetaminophen) administered at various times in relation to subcutaneous injection of exenatide (exendin-4) in healthy subjects
    • Blase E., Taylor K., Gao H.Y., et al. Pharmacokinetics of an oral drug (acetaminophen) administered at various times in relation to subcutaneous injection of exenatide (exendin-4) in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2005, 45:570-577.
    • (2005) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.45 , pp. 570-577
    • Blase, E.1    Taylor, K.2    Gao, H.Y.3
  • 28
    • 79958719224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of the long-acting human GLP-1 analogue liraglutide in subjects with renal impairment. Presented at: 43rd Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes; September 17-21, 2007; Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    • Jacobsen V, Hindsberger C, Robson R, Zdravkovic M. Pharmacokinetics of the long-acting human GLP-1 analogue liraglutide in subjects with renal impairment. Presented at: 43rd Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes; September 17-21, 2007; Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    • (2007)
    • Jacobsen, V.1    Hindsberger, C.2    Robson, R.3    Zdravkovic, M.4
  • 29
    • 66249138925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The once-daily human GLP-1 analogue liraglutide improves both absolute and baseline postprandial glucose levels
    • Flint A., Kapitza C., Hindsberger C., Zdravkovic M. The once-daily human GLP-1 analogue liraglutide improves both absolute and baseline postprandial glucose levels. Diabetologia 2008, 51:S354.
    • (2008) Diabetologia , vol.51
    • Flint, A.1    Kapitza, C.2    Hindsberger, C.3    Zdravkovic, M.4
  • 30
    • 72749125264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial investigating the effect of liraglutide on the absorption pharmacokinetics of concomitantly administered oral drugs in healthy subjects
    • Abstract
    • Malm-Erjefält M., Ekblom M., Brøndsted L., et al. A randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial investigating the effect of liraglutide on the absorption pharmacokinetics of concomitantly administered oral drugs in healthy subjects. Diabetes 2008, 57(Suppl 1):A130. Abstract.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Malm-Erjefält, M.1    Ekblom, M.2    Brøndsted, L.3
  • 31
    • 70349093453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of the once-daily human GLP-1 analogue liraglutide on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol
    • Abstract
    • Kapitza C., Flint A., Hindsberger C., Zdravkovic M. The effect of the once-daily human GLP-1 analogue liraglutide on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol. Diabetes 2008, 57(Suppl 1):A593. Abstract.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Kapitza, C.1    Flint, A.2    Hindsberger, C.3    Zdravkovic, M.4
  • 32
    • 79958756337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial investigating the effect of liraglutide on the absorption of an oral contraceptive drug.
    • Presented at: 68th Annual Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association (ADA); June 6-10,; San Francisco, Calif.
    • Jacobsen LV, Brøndsted L, Vouis J, Zdravkovic M. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial investigating the effect of liraglutide on the absorption of an oral contraceptive drug. Presented at: 68th Annual Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association (ADA); June 6-10, 2008; San Francisco, Calif.
    • (2008)
    • Jacobsen, L.V.1    Brøndsted, L.2    Vouis, J.3    Zdravkovic, M.4
  • 33
    • 28844482322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sitagliptin, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, in healthy subjects: results from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with single oral doses
    • Herman G.A., Stevens C., Van Dyck K., et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sitagliptin, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, in healthy subjects: results from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with single oral doses. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005, 78:675-688.
    • (2005) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.78 , pp. 675-688
    • Herman, G.A.1    Stevens, C.2    Van Dyck, K.3
  • 34
    • 32844473903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of multiple oral doses of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in healthy male volunteers
    • Bergman A.J., Stevens C., Zhou Y., et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of multiple oral doses of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in healthy male volunteers. Clin Ther 2006, 28:55-72.
    • (2006) Clin Ther , vol.28 , pp. 55-72
    • Bergman, A.J.1    Stevens, C.2    Zhou, Y.3
  • 36
    • 63049113329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of moderate hepatic insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin
    • Migoya E.M., Stevens C.H., Bergman A.J., et al. Effect of moderate hepatic insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2009, 16:e165-e170.
    • (2009) Can J Clin Pharmacol , vol.16
    • Migoya, E.M.1    Stevens, C.H.2    Bergman, A.J.3
  • 37
    • 63849188450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sitagliptin on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin
    • Bergman A.J., Cote J., Maes A., et al. Effect of sitagliptin on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin. J Clin Pharmacol 2009, 49:483-488.
    • (2009) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.49 , pp. 483-488
    • Bergman, A.J.1    Cote, J.2    Maes, A.3
  • 38
    • 33846404842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple-dose administration of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, does not alter the single-dose pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone in healthy subjects
    • Mistry G.C., Bergman A.J., Luo W.L., et al. Multiple-dose administration of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, does not alter the single-dose pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2007, 47:159-164.
    • (2007) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.47 , pp. 159-164
    • Mistry, G.C.1    Bergman, A.J.2    Luo, W.L.3
  • 39
    • 44949219464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sitagliptin, an dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, does not alter the pharmacokinetics of the sulphonylurea, glyburide, in healthy subjects
    • Mistry G.C., Bergman A.J., Zheng W., et al. Sitagliptin, an dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, does not alter the pharmacokinetics of the sulphonylurea, glyburide, in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008, 66:36-42.
    • (2008) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.66 , pp. 36-42
    • Mistry, G.C.1    Bergman, A.J.2    Zheng, W.3
  • 40
    • 70349479419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple doses of sitagliptin, a selective DPP-4 inhibitor, do not meaningfully alter pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin
    • Wright D.H., Herman G.A., Maes A., Liu Q., et al. Multiple doses of sitagliptin, a selective DPP-4 inhibitor, do not meaningfully alter pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin. J Clin Pharmacol 2009, 49:1157-1167.
    • (2009) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.49 , pp. 1157-1167
    • Wright, D.H.1    Herman, G.A.2    Maes, A.3    Liu, Q.4
  • 43
    • 61449170189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of [14C]vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, in humans
    • He H., Tran P., Yin H., et al. Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of [14C]vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, in humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2009, 37:536-544.
    • (2009) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.37 , pp. 536-544
    • He, H.1    Tran, P.2    Yin, H.3
  • 44
    • 37749015647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the potential for steady-state pharmacokinetic interaction between vildagliptin and simvastatin in healthy subjects
    • Ayalasomayajula S.P., Dole K., He Y.L., et al. Evaluation of the potential for steady-state pharmacokinetic interaction between vildagliptin and simvastatin in healthy subjects. Curr Med Res Opin 2007, 23:2913-2920.
    • (2007) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.23 , pp. 2913-2920
    • Ayalasomayajula, S.P.1    Dole, K.2    He, Y.L.3
  • 45
    • 37349024818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, has no pharmacokinetic interactions with the antihypertensive agents amlodipine, valsartan, and ramipril in healthy subjects
    • He Y.L., Ligueros-Saylan M., Sunkara G., et al. Vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, has no pharmacokinetic interactions with the antihypertensive agents amlodipine, valsartan, and ramipril in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2008, 48:85-95.
    • (2008) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.48 , pp. 85-95
    • He, Y.L.1    Ligueros-Saylan, M.2    Sunkara, G.3
  • 46
    • 67649398908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the pharmacokinetic interaction of vildagliptin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • He Y.L., Sabo R., Picard F., et al. Study of the pharmacokinetic interaction of vildagliptin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2009, 25:1265-1272.
    • (2009) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.25 , pp. 1265-1272
    • He, Y.L.1    Sabo, R.2    Picard, F.3
  • 47
    • 47549105349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin, glyburide and pioglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes
    • Serra D., He Y.L., Bullock J., et al. Evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin, glyburide and pioglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008, 46:349-364.
    • (2008) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.46 , pp. 349-364
    • Serra, D.1    He, Y.L.2    Bullock, J.3
  • 48
    • 70349260434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor use associated with increased risk of ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema
    • Brown N.J., Byiers S., Carr D., Maldonado M., Warner B.A. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor use associated with increased risk of ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema. Hypertension 2009, 54:516-523.
    • (2009) Hypertension , vol.54 , pp. 516-523
    • Brown, N.J.1    Byiers, S.2    Carr, D.3    Maldonado, M.4    Warner, B.A.5
  • 49
    • 41649083174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and tolerability profiles of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study in adult patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Covington P., Christopher R., Davenport M., et al. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and tolerability profiles of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Ther 2008, 30:499-512.
    • (2008) Clin Ther , vol.30 , pp. 499-512
    • Covington, P.1    Christopher, R.2    Davenport, M.3
  • 50
    • 41649102998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of single increasing doses of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in healthy male subjects
    • Christopher R., Covington P., Davenport M., et al. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of single increasing doses of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in healthy male subjects. Clin Ther 2008, 30:513-527.
    • (2008) Clin Ther , vol.30 , pp. 513-527
    • Christopher, R.1    Covington, P.2    Davenport, M.3
  • 51
    • 67649337808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-dose pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in subjects with renal impairment
    • Abstract
    • Karim A., Fleck P., Hetman L., et al. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in subjects with renal impairment. Diabetes 2008, 57(Suppl 1):A160. Abstract.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Karim, A.1    Fleck, P.2    Hetman, L.3
  • 52
    • 84880239696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between alogliptin benzoate (SYR-322) and metformin in healthy subjects.
    • Presented at: 67th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association; June 22-26,; Chicago, Ill.
    • Covington P, Christopher R, Davenport M, et al. Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between alogliptin benzoate (SYR-322) and metformin in healthy subjects. Presented at: 67th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association; June 22-26, 2007; Chicago, Ill.
    • (2007)
    • Covington, P.1    Christopher, R.2    Davenport, M.3
  • 53
    • 0026648961 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-3 analogue, from Heloderma suspectum venom. Further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas
    • Eng J., Kleinman W.A., Singh L., et al. Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-3 analogue, from Heloderma suspectum venom. Further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas. J Biol Chem 1992, 267:7402-7405.
    • (1992) J Biol Chem , vol.267 , pp. 7402-7405
    • Eng, J.1    Kleinman, W.A.2    Singh, L.3
  • 55
    • 0027184119 scopus 로고
    • Exendin-4 is a high potency agonist and truncated exendin-(9-39)-amide an antagonist at the glucagon-like peptide 1-(7-36)-amide receptor of insulin-secreting beta-cells
    • Goke R., Fehmann H.C., Linn T., et al. Exendin-4 is a high potency agonist and truncated exendin-(9-39)-amide an antagonist at the glucagon-like peptide 1-(7-36)-amide receptor of insulin-secreting beta-cells. J Biol Chem 1993, 268:19650-19655.
    • (1993) J Biol Chem , vol.268 , pp. 19650-19655
    • Goke, R.1    Fehmann, H.C.2    Linn, T.3
  • 56
    • 4344675057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic strategies based on glucagon-like peptide 1
    • Deacon C.F. Therapeutic strategies based on glucagon-like peptide 1. Diabetes 2004, 53:2181-2189.
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , pp. 2181-2189
    • Deacon, C.F.1
  • 57
    • 0041733259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glucagon-like peptides: a double-edged therapeutic sword?
    • Perry T., Greig N.H. The glucagon-like peptides: a double-edged therapeutic sword?. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2003, 24:377-383.
    • (2003) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.24 , pp. 377-383
    • Perry, T.1    Greig, N.H.2
  • 58
    • 15444367142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Kolterman O.G., Kim D.D., Shen L., et al. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2005, 62:173-181.
    • (2005) Am J Health Syst Pharm , vol.62 , pp. 173-181
    • Kolterman, O.G.1    Kim, D.D.2    Shen, L.3
  • 59
    • 34548034895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of exenatide
    • Linnebjerg H., Kothare P.A., Park S., et al. Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of exenatide. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007, 64:317-327.
    • (2007) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.64 , pp. 317-327
    • Linnebjerg, H.1    Kothare, P.A.2    Park, S.3
  • 60
    • 0037213037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 64)
    • Adler A.I., Stevens R.J., Manley S.E., et al. Development and progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 64). Kidney Int 2003, 63:225-232.
    • (2003) Kidney Int , vol.63 , pp. 225-232
    • Adler, A.I.1    Stevens, R.J.2    Manley, S.E.3
  • 61
    • 34249891874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of once-weekly dosing of a long-acting release formulation of exenatide on glucose control and body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes
    • Kim D., MacConell L., Zhuang D., et al. Effects of once-weekly dosing of a long-acting release formulation of exenatide on glucose control and body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007, 30:1487-1493.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 1487-1493
    • Kim, D.1    MacConell, L.2    Zhuang, D.3
  • 62
    • 73549096393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of exenatide once weekly in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Iwamoto K., Nasu R., Yamamura A., et al. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of exenatide once weekly in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocr J 2009, 56:951-962.
    • (2009) Endocr J , vol.56 , pp. 951-962
    • Iwamoto, K.1    Nasu, R.2    Yamamura, A.3
  • 63
    • 79958729989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medscape Medical News, Accessed May 18, 2011
    • FDA requests more data for once-weekly exenatide Medscape Medical News, Accessed May 18, 2011. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/731618.
    • FDA requests more data for once-weekly exenatide
  • 64
    • 53249142132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority study
    • Drucker D.J., Buse J.B., Taylor K., et al. Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority study. Lancet 2008, 372:1240-1250.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 1240-1250
    • Drucker, D.J.1    Buse, J.B.2    Taylor, K.3
  • 65
    • 0034108646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potent derivatives of glucagon-like peptide-1 with pharmacokinetic properties suitable for once daily administration
    • Knudsen L.B., Nielsen P.F., Huusfeldt P.O., et al. Potent derivatives of glucagon-like peptide-1 with pharmacokinetic properties suitable for once daily administration. J Med Chem 2000, 43:1664-1669.
    • (2000) J Med Chem , vol.43 , pp. 1664-1669
    • Knudsen, L.B.1    Nielsen, P.F.2    Huusfeldt, P.O.3
  • 66
    • 67649651682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and excretion of the once-daily human GLP-1 analogue liraglutide in healthy subjects and its in vitro degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV and neutral endopeptidase
    • Bjornsdottir I., Olsen A., Larsen U., et al. Metabolism and excretion of the once-daily human GLP-1 analogue liraglutide in healthy subjects and its in vitro degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV and neutral endopeptidase. Diabetologia 2008, 51(Suppl 1):S356.
    • (2008) Diabetologia , vol.51 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Bjornsdottir, I.1    Olsen, A.2    Larsen, U.3
  • 67
    • 57649231326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis for the delayed absorption of the once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide
    • Abstract
    • Steensgaard D.B., Thomsen J.K., Olsen H.B., Knudsen L.B. The molecular basis for the delayed absorption of the once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide. Diabetes 2008, 57(Suppl 1):A164. Abstract.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Steensgaard, D.B.1    Thomsen, J.K.2    Olsen, H.B.3    Knudsen, L.B.4
  • 68
    • 0036189831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of NN2211, a new long-acting GLP-1 derivative, in healthy men
    • Agerso H., Jensen L.B., Elbrond B., et al. The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of NN2211, a new long-acting GLP-1 derivative, in healthy men. Diabetologia 2002, 45:195-202.
    • (2002) Diabetologia , vol.45 , pp. 195-202
    • Agerso, H.1    Jensen, L.B.2    Elbrond, B.3
  • 69
    • 0029797540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide 1 undergoes differential tissue-specific metabolism in the anesthetized pig
    • Deacon C.F., Pridal L., Klarskov L., et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 undergoes differential tissue-specific metabolism in the anesthetized pig. Am J Physiol 1996, 271(3 Pt 1):E458-E464.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.271 , Issue.3 PART 1
    • Deacon, C.F.1    Pridal, L.2    Klarskov, L.3
  • 70
    • 77349110026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of hepatic impairment on pharmacokinetics of the long-acting human GLP-1 analogue liraglutide.
    • Presented at: 67th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association; June 22-26,; Chicago, Ill.
    • Flint A, Nazzal K, Jagielski P, et al. Influence of hepatic impairment on pharmacokinetics of the long-acting human GLP-1 analogue liraglutide. Presented at: 67th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association; June 22-26, 2007; Chicago, Ill.
    • (2007)
    • Flint, A.1    Nazzal, K.2    Jagielski, P.3
  • 74
    • 79958750437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novo Nordisk, Accessed March 25, 2010
    • Novo Nordisk's Victoza (liraglutide) receives marketing authorisation in Europe (3 July 2009) Novo Nordisk, Accessed March 25, 2010. http://www.novonordisk.com/press/sea/sea.asp?sNewsTypeGUID=%26lMonth=%26lYear=%26sLanguageCode=%26sSearchText=%26sShowNewsItemGUID=fef45783-0017-45f7-8185-ad751bad7019%26sShowLanguageCode=en-GB.
    • Novo Nordisk's Victoza (liraglutide) receives marketing authorisation in Europe (3 July 2009)
  • 77
    • 67649523294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with the human once-weekly GLP-1 analogue taspoglutide in combination with metformin improves glycemic control and lowers body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin alone: a double-blind placebo-controlled study
    • Nauck M., Ratner R., Kapitza C., et al. Treatment with the human once-weekly GLP-1 analogue taspoglutide in combination with metformin improves glycemic control and lowers body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin alone: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Diabetes Care 2009, 32:1237-1243.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 1237-1243
    • Nauck, M.1    Ratner, R.2    Kapitza, C.3
  • 78
    • 60549099988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long acting human GLP-1 analogue R1583: safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties after a single administration in subjects with type 2 diabetes
    • Kapitza C., Klein O., Obach R., et al. Long acting human GLP-1 analogue R1583: safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties after a single administration in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2008, 57:506-P.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57
    • Kapitza, C.1    Klein, O.2    Obach, R.3
  • 80
    • 65449189175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of albiglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic, in healthy subjects
    • Bush M.A., Matthews J.E., De Boever E.H., et al. Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of albiglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic, in healthy subjects. Diabetes Obes Metab 2009, 11:498-505.
    • (2009) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.11 , pp. 498-505
    • Bush, M.A.1    Matthews, J.E.2    De Boever, E.H.3
  • 81
    • 57349168543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of albiglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic, in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Matthews J.E., Stewart M.W., De Boever E.H., et al. Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of albiglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic, in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008, 93:4810-4817.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 4810-4817
    • Matthews, J.E.1    Stewart, M.W.2    De Boever, E.H.3
  • 82
    • 79958696828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of albiglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic, in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Stewart M.W., Matthews J., De Boever E.H., et al. Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of albiglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2008, 57(Suppl 1):A154.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Stewart, M.W.1    Matthews, J.2    De Boever, E.H.3
  • 84
    • 69849111353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of inhibitors of dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4)
    • Thornberry N.A., Gallwitz B. Mechanism of action of inhibitors of dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009, 23:479-486.
    • (2009) Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.23 , pp. 479-486
    • Thornberry, N.A.1    Gallwitz, B.2
  • 85
    • 79958704767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed August 5, 2010
    • Chemical structures Accessed August 5, 2010. http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Home.
    • Chemical structures
  • 86
    • 25844459084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: potential importance of selectivity over dipeptidyl peptidases 8 and 9
    • Lankas G.R., Leiting B., Roy R.S., et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: potential importance of selectivity over dipeptidyl peptidases 8 and 9. Diabetes 2005, 54:2988-2994.
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 2988-2994
    • Lankas, G.R.1    Leiting, B.2    Roy, R.S.3
  • 87
    • 33749871472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of single oral doses of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on incretin and plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Herman G.A., Bergman A., Stevens C., et al. Effect of single oral doses of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on incretin and plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006, 91:4612-4619.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 4612-4619
    • Herman, G.A.1    Bergman, A.2    Stevens, C.3
  • 88
    • 34447120048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor
    • Bergman A.J., Cote J., Yi B., et al. Effect of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. Diabetes Care 2007, 30:1862-1864.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 1862-1864
    • Bergman, A.J.1    Cote, J.2    Yi, B.3
  • 89
    • 79958755590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor: an overview of the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and the propensity for drug- drug interactions (DDI). Presented at: 42nd Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes; September 14- 17, 2006; Copenhagen, Denmark.
    • Herman G, Bergman A, Wagner JA. Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor: an overview of the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and the propensity for drug- drug interactions (DDI). Presented at: 42nd Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes; September 14- 17, 2006; Copenhagen, Denmark.
    • (2006)
    • Herman, G.1    Bergman, A.2    Wagner, J.A.3
  • 90
    • 22744449063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery and preclinical profile of Saxagliptin (BMS-477118): a highly potent, long-acting, orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
    • Augeri D.J., Robl J.A., Betebenner D.A., et al. Discovery and preclinical profile of Saxagliptin (BMS-477118): a highly potent, long-acting, orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. J Med Chem 2005, 48:5025-5037.
    • (2005) J Med Chem , vol.48 , pp. 5025-5037
    • Augeri, D.J.1    Robl, J.A.2    Betebenner, D.A.3
  • 91
    • 77954392632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of the prolonged dissociation rate of saxagliptin, a highly potent and selective DPP4 inhibitor, on plasma DPP measurements
    • Abstract
    • Wang A., Dorso C., Kopcho L.M., et al. Implications of the prolonged dissociation rate of saxagliptin, a highly potent and selective DPP4 inhibitor, on plasma DPP measurements. Diabetes 2008, 57(Suppl 1):A576-A577. Abstract.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Wang, A.1    Dorso, C.2    Kopcho, L.M.3
  • 92
    • 79958761505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of once-daily oral doses of saxagliptin for 2 weeks in type 2 diabetic and healthy subjects. Presented at: 67th Annual Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association; June 22-26, 2007; Chicago, Ill.
    • Boulton DW, Geraldes M. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of once-daily oral doses of saxagliptin for 2 weeks in type 2 diabetic and healthy subjects. Presented at: 67th Annual Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association; June 22-26, 2007; Chicago, Ill.
    • (2007)
    • Boulton, D.W.1    Geraldes, M.2
  • 93
    • 73449095647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of saxagliptin in subjects with hepatic impairment compared with healthy subjects
    • Abstract
    • Patel C., Castaneda L., Frevert U., et al. Single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of saxagliptin in subjects with hepatic impairment compared with healthy subjects. Diabetes 2008, 57(Suppl 1):A160. Abstract.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Patel, C.1    Castaneda, L.2    Frevert, U.3
  • 94
    • 79958749520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No meaningful pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between saxagliptin and glyburide in healthy subjects. Presented at: 2007 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy; October 14-17, Denver, Colo. Abstract 212.
    • Patel CG, Li L, Komoroski B, Boulton D. No meaningful pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between saxagliptin and glyburide in healthy subjects. Presented at: 2007 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy; October 14-17, 2007; Denver, Colo. Abstract 212.
    • (2007)
    • Patel, C.G.1    Li, L.2    Komoroski, B.3    Boulton, D.4
  • 95
    • 79958736983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No meaningful pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between saxagliptin and metformin in healthy subjects.
    • Presented at: 2007 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy; October 14-17, 2007; Denver, Colo. Abstract 213.
    • Patel C, Li L, Komoroski B, Boulton D. No meaningful pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between saxagliptin and metformin in healthy subjects. Presented at: 2007 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy; October 14-17, 2007; Denver, Colo. Abstract 213.
    • (2007)
    • Patel, C.1    Li, L.2    Komoroski, B.3    Boulton, D.4
  • 96
    • 79958736983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No meaningful pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between saxagliptin and pioglitazone in healthy subjects.
    • Presented at: 2007 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy; October 14-17, 2007; Denver, Colo. Abstract 226.
    • Patel C, Li L, Komoroski B, Boulton D. No meaningful pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between saxagliptin and pioglitazone in healthy subjects. Presented at: 2007 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy; October 14-17, 2007; Denver, Colo. Abstract 226.
    • (2007)
    • Patel, C.1    Li, L.2    Komoroski, B.3    Boulton, D.4
  • 97
    • 0037777695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-[[(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine: a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor with antihyperglycemic properties
    • Villhauer E.B., Brinkman J.A., Naderi G.B., et al. 1-[[(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine: a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor with antihyperglycemic properties. J Med Chem 2003, 46:2774-2789.
    • (2003) J Med Chem , vol.46 , pp. 2774-2789
    • Villhauer, E.B.1    Brinkman, J.A.2    Naderi, G.B.3
  • 98
    • 20444406121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV catalyzed peptide truncation by Vildagliptin ((2S)-{[(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)amino]acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile)
    • Brandt I., Joossens J., Chen X., et al. Inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV catalyzed peptide truncation by Vildagliptin ((2S)-{[(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)amino]acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile). Biochem Pharmacol 2005, 70:134-143.
    • (2005) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.70 , pp. 134-143
    • Brandt, I.1    Joossens, J.2    Chen, X.3
  • 99
    • 34347393269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • He Y.L., Serra D., Wang Y., et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Pharmacokinet 2007, 46:577-588.
    • (2007) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.46 , pp. 577-588
    • He, Y.L.1    Serra, D.2    Wang, Y.3
  • 100
    • 34548324787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The absolute oral bioavailability and population-based pharmacokinetic modelling of a novel dipeptidylpeptidase-IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, in healthy volunteers
    • He Y.L., Sadler B.M., Sabo R., et al. The absolute oral bioavailability and population-based pharmacokinetic modelling of a novel dipeptidylpeptidase-IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacokinet 2007, 46:787-802.
    • (2007) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.46 , pp. 787-802
    • He, Y.L.1    Sadler, B.M.2    Sabo, R.3
  • 101
    • 34250307638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin
    • He Y.L., Sabo R., Campestrini J., et al. The influence of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2007, 63:677-686.
    • (2007) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.63 , pp. 677-686
    • He, Y.L.1    Sabo, R.2    Campestrini, J.3
  • 104
    • 46549083771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and efficacy profiles of alogliptin, a novel inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, in rats, dogs, and monkeys
    • Lee B., Shi L., Kassel D.B., Asakawa T., et al. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and efficacy profiles of alogliptin, a novel inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, in rats, dogs, and monkeys. Eur J Pharmacol 2008, 589:306-314.
    • (2008) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.589 , pp. 306-314
    • Lee, B.1    Shi, L.2    Kassel, D.B.3    Asakawa, T.4
  • 105
    • 70349510604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coadministration of pioglitazone or glyburide and alogliptin: pharmacokinetic drug interaction assessment in healthy participants
    • Karim A., Laurent A., Munsaka M., et al. Coadministration of pioglitazone or glyburide and alogliptin: pharmacokinetic drug interaction assessment in healthy participants. J Clin Pharmacol 2009, 49:1210-1219.
    • (2009) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.49 , pp. 1210-1219
    • Karim, A.1    Laurent, A.2    Munsaka, M.3
  • 106
    • 70549092751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between multiple doses of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin and digoxin in healthy subjects
    • abstract PI-13, Accessed March 25, 2010
    • Karim A., Fleck P., Harris S., et al. Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between multiple doses of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin and digoxin in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008, 83(Suppl 1). abstract PI-13, Accessed March 25, 2010. http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v83/n1s/pdf/clpt200838a.pdf.
    • (2008) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.83 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Karim, A.1    Fleck, P.2    Harris, S.3
  • 107
    • 70549086586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of effect of cyclosporine on the single dose pharmacokinetics of alogliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in health male subjects
    • abstract PI-15
    • Karim A., Chiselko P., Fleck P., et al. Lack of effect of cyclosporine on the single dose pharmacokinetics of alogliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in health male subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008, 83(Suppl 1). abstract PI-15.
    • (2008) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.83 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Karim, A.1    Chiselko, P.2    Fleck, P.3
  • 109
    • 33846006173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes
    • Drucker D.J., Nauck M.A. The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2006, 368:1696-1705.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 1696-1705
    • Drucker, D.J.1    Nauck, M.A.2
  • 110
    • 51549095571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of exenatide monotherapy over 24 weeks in antidiabetic drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study
    • Moretto T.J., Milton D.R., Ridge T.D., et al. Efficacy and tolerability of exenatide monotherapy over 24 weeks in antidiabetic drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Clin Ther 2008, 30:1448-1460.
    • (2008) Clin Ther , vol.30 , pp. 1448-1460
    • Moretto, T.J.1    Milton, D.R.2    Ridge, T.D.3
  • 111
    • 7444228521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Buse J.B., Henry R.R., Han J., et al. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004, 27:2628-2635.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 2628-2635
    • Buse, J.B.1    Henry, R.R.2    Han, J.3
  • 112
    • 18144401971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes
    • DeFronzo R.A., Ratner R.E., Han J., et al. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005, 28:1092-1100.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 1092-1100
    • DeFronzo, R.A.1    Ratner, R.E.2    Han, J.3
  • 113
    • 17144371646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea
    • Kendall D.M., Riddle M.C., Rosenstock J., et al. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea. Diabetes Care 2005, 28:1083-1091.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 1083-1091
    • Kendall, D.M.1    Riddle, M.C.2    Rosenstock, J.3
  • 114
    • 34247259577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of adding exenatide to a thiazolidinedione in suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial
    • Zinman B., Hoogwerf B.J., Duran G.S., et al. The effect of adding exenatide to a thiazolidinedione in suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007, 146:477-485.
    • (2007) Ann Intern Med , vol.146 , pp. 477-485
    • Zinman, B.1    Hoogwerf, B.J.2    Duran, G.S.3
  • 115
    • 67649666737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6)
    • Buse J.B., Rosenstock J., Sesti G., et al. Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6). Lancet 2009, 374:39-47.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 39-47
    • Buse, J.B.1    Rosenstock, J.2    Sesti, G.3
  • 116
    • 59449101432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial
    • Garber A., Henry R., Ratner R., et al. Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial. Lancet 2009, 373:473-481.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , pp. 473-481
    • Garber, A.1    Henry, R.2    Ratner, R.3
  • 117
    • 62449129181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide, a once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, added to a sulphonylurea over 26 weeks produces greater improvements in glycaemic and weight control compared with adding rosiglitazone or placebo in subjects with Type 2 diabetes (LEAD-1 SU)
    • Marre M., Shaw J., Brandle M., et al. Liraglutide, a once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, added to a sulphonylurea over 26 weeks produces greater improvements in glycaemic and weight control compared with adding rosiglitazone or placebo in subjects with Type 2 diabetes (LEAD-1 SU). Diabet Med 2009, 26:268-278.
    • (2009) Diabet Med , vol.26 , pp. 268-278
    • Marre, M.1    Shaw, J.2    Brandle, M.3
  • 118
    • 62449169287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study
    • Nauck M., Frid A., Hermansen K., et al. Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study. Diabetes Care 2009, 32:84-90.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 84-90
    • Nauck, M.1    Frid, A.2    Hermansen, K.3
  • 119
    • 69949117621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial
    • Russell-Jones D., Vaag A., Schmitz O., et al. Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2009, 52:2046-2055.
    • (2009) Diabetologia , vol.52 , pp. 2046-2055
    • Russell-Jones, D.1    Vaag, A.2    Schmitz, O.3
  • 120
    • 67650066860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD)
    • Zinman B., Gerich J., Buse J.B., et al. Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD). Diabetes Care 2009, 32:1224-1230.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 1224-1230
    • Zinman, B.1    Gerich, J.2    Buse, J.B.3
  • 121
    • 73249136535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of liraglutide vs exenatide in type 2 diabetes: sustained vs fluctuating concentrations over 24 hours
    • Abstract
    • Rosenstock J., Gumprecht J., Szyprowska E., et al. Pharmacokinetics of liraglutide vs exenatide in type 2 diabetes: sustained vs fluctuating concentrations over 24 hours. Diabetes 2009, 58(Suppl 1):A150. Abstract.
    • (2009) Diabetes , vol.58 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Rosenstock, J.1    Gumprecht, J.2    Szyprowska, E.3
  • 122
    • 0034814047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exendin-4 reduces fasting and postprandial glucose and decreases energy intake in healthy volunteers
    • Edwards C.M., Stanley S.A., Davis R., et al. Exendin-4 reduces fasting and postprandial glucose and decreases energy intake in healthy volunteers. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001, 281:E155-E161.
    • (2001) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.281
    • Edwards, C.M.1    Stanley, S.A.2    Davis, R.3
  • 123
    • 0036066641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bedtime administration of NN2211, a long-acting GLP-1 derivative, substantially reduces fasting and postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes
    • Juhl C.B., Hollingdal M., Sturis J., et al. Bedtime administration of NN2211, a long-acting GLP-1 derivative, substantially reduces fasting and postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2002, 51:424-429.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 424-429
    • Juhl, C.B.1    Hollingdal, M.2    Sturis, J.3
  • 124
    • 33847072735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, reduces body weight and food intake in obese candy-fed rats, whereas a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, does not
    • Raun K., von V.P., Gotfredsen C.F., et al. Liraglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, reduces body weight and food intake in obese candy-fed rats, whereas a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, does not. Diabetes 2007, 56:8-15.
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , pp. 8-15
    • Raun, K.1    von, V.P.2    Gotfredsen, C.F.3
  • 125
    • 34547951456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide, a once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, minimizes food intake in severely obese minipigs
    • Raun K., von V.P., Knudsen L.B. Liraglutide, a once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, minimizes food intake in severely obese minipigs. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007, 15:1710-1716.
    • (2007) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.15 , pp. 1710-1716
    • Raun, K.1    von, V.P.2    Knudsen, L.B.3
  • 126
    • 33646795007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on myocardial contractility and glucose uptake in normal and postischemic isolated rat hearts
    • Zhao T., Parikh P., Bhashyam S., et al. Direct effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on myocardial contractility and glucose uptake in normal and postischemic isolated rat hearts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006, 317:1106-1113.
    • (2006) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.317 , pp. 1106-1113
    • Zhao, T.1    Parikh, P.2    Bhashyam, S.3
  • 127
    • 64649102619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GLP-1R agonist liraglutide activates cytoprotective pathways and improves outcomes after experimental myocardial infarction in mice
    • Noyan-Ashraf M.H., Momen M.A., Ban K., et al. GLP-1R agonist liraglutide activates cytoprotective pathways and improves outcomes after experimental myocardial infarction in mice. Diabetes 2009, 58:975-983.
    • (2009) Diabetes , vol.58 , pp. 975-983
    • Noyan-Ashraf, M.H.1    Momen, M.A.2    Ban, K.3
  • 128
    • 8544258807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes patients with stable coronary artery disease
    • Nystrom T., Gutniak M.K., Zhang Q., et al. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes patients with stable coronary artery disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004, 287:E1209-E1215.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.287
    • Nystrom, T.1    Gutniak, M.K.2    Zhang, Q.3
  • 129
    • 1442311383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction after successful reperfusion
    • Nikolaidis L.A., Mankad S., Sokos G.G., et al. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction after successful reperfusion. Circulation 2004, 109:962-965.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 962-965
    • Nikolaidis, L.A.1    Mankad, S.2    Sokos, G.G.3
  • 130
    • 43249089631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardioprotective and vasodilatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor are mediated through both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-dependent and -independent pathways
    • Ban K., Noyan-Ashraf M.H., Hoefer J., et al. Cardioprotective and vasodilatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor are mediated through both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. Circulation 2008, 117:2340-2350.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.117 , pp. 2340-2350
    • Ban, K.1    Noyan-Ashraf, M.H.2    Hoefer, J.3
  • 131
    • 79958761145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide, significantly reduces markers of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of six clinical trials.
    • Presented at: European Society of Cardiology Congress 2009; August 29-September 2, 2009; Barcelona, Spain.
    • Plutzky J, Garber AJ, Falahati A, et al. The once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide, significantly reduces markers of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of six clinical trials. Presented at: European Society of Cardiology Congress 2009; August 29-September 2, 2009; Barcelona, Spain.
    • (2009)
    • Plutzky, J.1    Garber, A.J.2    Falahati, A.3
  • 132
    • 33846252337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of exenatide on beta cell function after islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes
    • Ghofaili K.A., Fung M., Ao Z., et al. Effect of exenatide on beta cell function after islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes. Transplantation 2007, 83:24-28.
    • (2007) Transplantation , vol.83 , pp. 24-28
    • Ghofaili, K.A.1    Fung, M.2    Ao, Z.3
  • 133
    • 39749143348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide, a once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, improves pancreatic B-cell function and arginine-stimulated insulin secretion during hyperglycaemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Vilsboll T., Brock B., Perrild H., et al. Liraglutide, a once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, improves pancreatic B-cell function and arginine-stimulated insulin secretion during hyperglycaemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2008, 25:152-156.
    • (2008) Diabet Med , vol.25 , pp. 152-156
    • Vilsboll, T.1    Brock, B.2    Perrild, H.3
  • 134
    • 33745196669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide inhibits beta-cell apoptosis by decreasing thioredoxin-interacting protein
    • Chen J., Couto F.M., Minn A.H., Shalev A. Exenatide inhibits beta-cell apoptosis by decreasing thioredoxin-interacting protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006, 346:1067-1074.
    • (2006) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.346 , pp. 1067-1074
    • Chen, J.1    Couto, F.M.2    Minn, A.H.3    Shalev, A.4
  • 135
    • 15744381238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, liraglutide, inhibits beta-cell apoptosis in vitro
    • Bregenholt S., Moldrup A., Blume N., et al. The long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, liraglutide, inhibits beta-cell apoptosis in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005, 330:577-584.
    • (2005) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.330 , pp. 577-584
    • Bregenholt, S.1    Moldrup, A.2    Blume, N.3
  • 137
    • 57049106441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide and pancreatitis: an update
    • Bain S.C., Stephens J.W. Exenatide and pancreatitis: an update. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2008, 7:643-644.
    • (2008) Expert Opin Drug Saf , vol.7 , pp. 643-644
    • Bain, S.C.1    Stephens, J.W.2
  • 138
    • 65949111736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of acute pancreatitis and biliary disease observed in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study
    • Noel R.A., Braun D.K., Patterson R.E., Bloomgren G.L. Increased risk of acute pancreatitis and biliary disease observed in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. Diabetes Care 2009, 32:834-838.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 834-838
    • Noel, R.A.1    Braun, D.K.2    Patterson, R.E.3    Bloomgren, G.L.4
  • 139
    • 67649304917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a claims-based active drug safety surveillance system to assess the risk of acute pancreatitis with exenatide or sitagliptin compared to metformin or glyburide
    • Dore D.D., Seeger J.D., Arnold C.K. Use of a claims-based active drug safety surveillance system to assess the risk of acute pancreatitis with exenatide or sitagliptin compared to metformin or glyburide. Curr Med Res Opin 2009, 25:1019-1027.
    • (2009) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.25 , pp. 1019-1027
    • Dore, D.D.1    Seeger, J.D.2    Arnold, C.K.3
  • 140
    • 33845472504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Aschner P., Kipnes M.S., Lunceford J.K., et al. Effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006, 29:2632-2637.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 2632-2637
    • Aschner, P.1    Kipnes, M.S.2    Lunceford, J.K.3
  • 141
    • 33845476757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone
    • Charbonnel B., Karasik A., Liu J., Wu M., Meininger G. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone. Diabetes Care 2006, 29:2638-2643.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 2638-2643
    • Charbonnel, B.1    Karasik, A.2    Liu, J.3    Wu, M.4    Meininger, G.5
  • 142
    • 34347219401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once-daily sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Hanefeld M., Herman G.A., Wu M., et al. Once-daily sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2007, 23:1329-1339.
    • (2007) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.23 , pp. 1329-1339
    • Hanefeld, M.1    Herman, G.A.2    Wu, M.3
  • 143
    • 34547863123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on glimepiride alone or on glimepiride and metformin
    • Hermansen K., Kipnes M., Luo E., et al. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on glimepiride alone or on glimepiride and metformin. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007, 9:733-745.
    • (2007) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.9 , pp. 733-745
    • Hermansen, K.1    Kipnes, M.2    Luo, E.3
  • 144
    • 33846817233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, compared with the sulfonylurea, glipizide, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial
    • Nauck M.A., Meininger G., Sheng D., et al. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, compared with the sulfonylurea, glipizide, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007, 9:194-205.
    • (2007) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.9 , pp. 194-205
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Meininger, G.2    Sheng, D.3
  • 145
    • 33845489598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Raz I., Hanefeld M., Xu L., Caria C., Williams-Herman D., Khatami H. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2006, 49:2564-2571.
    • (2006) Diabetologia , vol.49 , pp. 2564-2571
    • Raz, I.1    Hanefeld, M.2    Xu, L.3    Caria, C.4    Williams-Herman, D.5    Khatami, H.6
  • 146
    • 39749184723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Raz I., Chen Y., Wu M., et al. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2008, 24:537-550.
    • (2008) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.24 , pp. 537-550
    • Raz, I.1    Chen, Y.2    Wu, M.3
  • 147
    • 33751557143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to ongoing pioglitazone therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study
    • Rosenstock J., Brazg R., Andryuk P.J., et al. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to ongoing pioglitazone therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Clin Ther 2006, 28:1556-1568.
    • (2006) Clin Ther , vol.28 , pp. 1556-1568
    • Rosenstock, J.1    Brazg, R.2    Andryuk, P.J.3
  • 148
    • 43449096512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Scott R., Loeys T., Davies M.J., Engel S.S. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008, 10:959-969.
    • (2008) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.10 , pp. 959-969
    • Scott, R.1    Loeys, T.2    Davies, M.J.3    Engel, S.S.4
  • 149
    • 73149084956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saxagliptin added to a thiazolidinedione improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate control on thiazolidinedione alone
    • CV181-013 Investigators
    • Hollander P., Li J., Allen E., Chen R. Saxagliptin added to a thiazolidinedione improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate control on thiazolidinedione alone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009, 94:4810-4819. CV181-013 Investigators.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 4810-4819
    • Hollander, P.1    Li, J.2    Allen, E.3    Chen, R.4
  • 150
    • 68949212458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saxagliptin added to a submaximal dose of sulphonylurea improves glycaemic control compared with uptitration of sulphonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial
    • Chacra A.R., Tan G.H., Apanovitch A., et al. Saxagliptin added to a submaximal dose of sulphonylurea improves glycaemic control compared with uptitration of sulphonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 2009, 63:1395-1406.
    • (2009) Int J Clin Pract , vol.63 , pp. 1395-1406
    • Chacra, A.R.1    Tan, G.H.2    Apanovitch, A.3
  • 151
    • 69549135336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy and safety of saxagliptin when added to metformin therapy in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes with metformin alone
    • DeFronzo R.A., Hissa M.N., Garber A.J., et al. The efficacy and safety of saxagliptin when added to metformin therapy in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes with metformin alone. Diabetes Care 2009, 32:1649-1655.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 1649-1655
    • DeFronzo, R.A.1    Hissa, M.N.2    Garber, A.J.3
  • 152
    • 34147093268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of vildagliptin on glucose control over 24 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin
    • Bosi E., Camisasca R.P., Collober C., et al. Effects of vildagliptin on glucose control over 24 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin. Diabetes Care 2007, 30:890-895.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 890-895
    • Bosi, E.1    Camisasca, R.P.2    Collober, C.3
  • 153
    • 58149330590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifty-two-week efficacy and safety of vildagliptin vs. glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy
    • Ferrannini E., Fonseca V., Zinman B., et al. Fifty-two-week efficacy and safety of vildagliptin vs. glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy. Diabetes Obes Metab 2009, 11:157-166.
    • (2009) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.11 , pp. 157-166
    • Ferrannini, E.1    Fonseca, V.2    Zinman, B.3
  • 154
    • 33846828660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vildagliptin in combination with pioglitazone improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes failing thiazolidinedione monotherapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Garber A.J., Schweizer A., Baron M.A., et al. Vildagliptin in combination with pioglitazone improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes failing thiazolidinedione monotherapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007, 9:166-174.
    • (2007) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.9 , pp. 166-174
    • Garber, A.J.1    Schweizer, A.2    Baron, M.A.3
  • 155
    • 54249106294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of vildagliptin on glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with a sulphonylurea
    • Garber A.J., Foley J.E., Banerji M.A., et al. Effects of vildagliptin on glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with a sulphonylurea. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008, 10:1047-1056.
    • (2008) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.10 , pp. 1047-1056
    • Garber, A.J.1    Foley, J.E.2    Banerji, M.A.3
  • 156
    • 33846905487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Pi-Sunyer F.X., Schweizer A., Mills D., Dejager S. Efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007, 76:132-138.
    • (2007) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.76 , pp. 132-138
    • Pi-Sunyer, F.X.1    Schweizer, A.2    Mills, D.3    Dejager, S.4
  • 157
    • 34548118796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between vildagliptin and metformin to sustain reductions in HbA(1c) over 1 year in drug-naive patients with Type 2 diabetes
    • Schweizer A., Couturier A., Foley J.E., Dejager S. Comparison between vildagliptin and metformin to sustain reductions in HbA(1c) over 1 year in drug-naive patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2007, 24:955-961.
    • (2007) Diabet Med , vol.24 , pp. 955-961
    • Schweizer, A.1    Couturier, A.2    Foley, J.E.3    Dejager, S.4
  • 158
    • 58149171060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • DeFronzo R.A., Fleck P.R., Wilson C.A., Mekki Q. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Diabetes Care 2008, 31:2315-2317.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 2315-2317
    • DeFronzo, R.A.1    Fleck, P.R.2    Wilson, C.A.3    Mekki, Q.4
  • 159
    • 57649225147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of adding the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Nauck M.A., Ellis G.C., Fleck P.R., et al. Efficacy and safety of adding the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Clin Pract 2009, 63:46-55.
    • (2009) Int J Clin Pract , vol.63 , pp. 46-55
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Ellis, G.C.2    Fleck, P.R.3
  • 160
    • 58149335320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by glyburide monotherapy
    • Pratley R.E., Kipnes M.S., Fleck P.R., et al. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by glyburide monotherapy. Diabetes Obes Metab 2009, 11:167-176.
    • (2009) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.11 , pp. 167-176
    • Pratley, R.E.1    Kipnes, M.S.2    Fleck, P.R.3
  • 161
    • 70349314675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin added to pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • for the Alogliptin Study 009 Group
    • Pratley R.E., Reusch J.E., Fleck P.R., et al. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin added to pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Curr Med Res Opin 2009, 25:2361-2371. for the Alogliptin Study 009 Group.
    • (2009) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.25 , pp. 2361-2371
    • Pratley, R.E.1    Reusch, J.E.2    Fleck, P.R.3
  • 162
    • 67649126340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of sitagliptin on markers of beta-cell function: a meta-analysis
    • Riche D.M., East H.E., Riche K.D. Impact of sitagliptin on markers of beta-cell function: a meta-analysis. Am J Med Sci 2009, 337:321-328.
    • (2009) Am J Med Sci , vol.337 , pp. 321-328
    • Riche, D.M.1    East, H.E.2    Riche, K.D.3
  • 163
    • 33748331194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 with a sitagliptin analog preserves pancreatic beta-cell mass and function in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes
    • Mu J., Woods J., Zhou Y.P., et al. Chronic inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 with a sitagliptin analog preserves pancreatic beta-cell mass and function in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2006, 55:1695-1704.
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , pp. 1695-1704
    • Mu, J.1    Woods, J.2    Zhou, Y.P.3
  • 164
    • 35948941910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor vildagliptin does not accentuate glibenclamide-induced hypoglycemia but reduces glucose-induced glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion
    • El-Ouaghlidi A., Rehring E., Holst J.J., et al. The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor vildagliptin does not accentuate glibenclamide-induced hypoglycemia but reduces glucose-induced glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007, 92:4165-4171.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 4165-4171
    • El-Ouaghlidi, A.1    Rehring, E.2    Holst, J.J.3
  • 165
    • 34248169217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition on gastrointestinal function, meal appearance, and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes
    • Vella A., Bock G., Giesler P.D., et al. Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition on gastrointestinal function, meal appearance, and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2007, 56:1475-1480.
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , pp. 1475-1480
    • Vella, A.1    Bock, G.2    Giesler, P.D.3
  • 166
    • 0033619675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26)-role in the inactivation of regulatory peptides
    • Mentlein R. Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26)-role in the inactivation of regulatory peptides. Regul Pept 1999, 85:9-24.
    • (1999) Regul Pept , vol.85 , pp. 9-24
    • Mentlein, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.