메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 5045-5077

Middle atmosphere response to the solar cycle in irradiance and ionizing particle precipitation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AURORA; CLIMATE MODELING; COSMIC RAY; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; POLAR VORTEX; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); RADIATIVE FORCING; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOLAR CYCLE; SOLAR RADIATION; SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE; STRATOSPHERE; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPOPAUSE; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 79958178801     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-5045-2011     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (71)

References (127)
  • 3
    • 2542432416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global observations of nitric oxide in the thermosphere
    • doi:10.1029/2002JA009458
    • Barth C. A., Mankoff K. D., Balley S. M., Solomon S. C., Global observations of nitric oxide in the thermosphere, J. Geo-phys. Res., 108, 1027, doi:10.1029/2002JA009458 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geo-phys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 1027
    • Barth, C.A.1    Mankoff, K.D.2    Balley, S.M.3    Solomon, S.C.4
  • 5
    • 79960477999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetic particle precipitation in ECHAM5/MESSy - Part 2: Solar proton events
    • doi:10.5194/acp-10-7285-2010
    • Baumgaertner, A. J. G., Jöckel, P., Riede, H., Stiller, G., and Funke, B.: Energetic particle precipitation in ECHAM5/MESSy - Part 2: Solar proton events, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7285-7302, doi:10.5194/acp-10-7285-2010, 2010.
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 7285-7302
    • Baumgaertner, A.J.G.1    Jöckel, P.2    Riede, H.3    Stiller, G.4    Funke, B.5
  • 7
    • 0031484715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative-dynamical climatology of the first-generation Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model
    • Beagley, S. R., de Grandpré, J., Koshyk, J. N., McFarlane, N. A., and Shepherd, T. G.: Radiative-dynamical climatology of the first-generation Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model, Atmos.-Ocean, 35, 293-331, 1997.
    • (1997) Atmos.-Ocean , vol.35 , pp. 293-331
    • Beagley, S.R.1    De Grandpré, J.2    Koshyk, J.N.3    McFarlane, N.A.4    Shepherd, T.G.5
  • 8
    • 0034352684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extended Canadian middle atmosphere model
    • DOI 10.1029/1999GL011233
    • Beagley, S. R., McLandress, C., Fomichev, V. I., and Ward, W. E.: The extended Canadian middle atmosphere model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2529-2532, doi:10.1029/1999GL011233, 2000. (Pubitemid 32040316)
    • (2000) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.27 , Issue.16 , pp. 2529-2532
    • Beagley, S.R.1    McLandress, C.2    Fomichev, V.I.3    Ward, W.E.4
  • 11
    • 51249188902 scopus 로고
    • Electron precipitation in the auroral zone
    • doi:10.1007/BF02653249
    • Brown, R. R.: Electron precipitation in the auroral zone, Space Sci. Rev., 5, 311-387, doi:10.1007/BF02653249, 1966.
    • (1966) Space Sci. Rev. , vol.5 , pp. 311-387
    • Brown, R.R.1
  • 13
    • 0000632569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar atmospheric coupling by electrons (SOLACE) 2. Calculated stratospheric effects of precipitating electrons, 1979-1988
    • 98JD02407
    • Callis, L. B., Natarajan, M., Lambeth, J. D., and Baker, D. N.: Solar atmospheric coupling by electrons (SOLACE) 2. Calculated stratospheric effects of precipitating electrons, 1978-1988, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28421-28438, doi:10.1029/98JD02407, 1998. (Pubitemid 128700285)
    • (1998) Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres , vol.103 , Issue.D21 , pp. 28421-28438
    • Callis, L.B.1    Natarajan, M.2    Lambeth, J.D.3    Baker, D.N.4
  • 14
    • 0034950408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar-atmosphere coupling by electrons (SOLACE) 3. Comparisons of simulations and observations 1979-1997, issues and implications
    • doi:10.1029/2000JD900615
    • Callis, L. B., Natarajan, M., and Lambeth, J. D.: Solar-atmosphere coupling by electrons (SOLACE): 3. Comparisons of simulations and observations, 1979-1997, issues and implications, J. Geo-phys. Res., 106, 7523-7539, doi:10.1029/2000JD900615, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Geo-phys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 7523-7539
    • Callis, L.B.1    Natarajan, M.2    Lambeth, J.D.3
  • 15
    • 33847366254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new look at stratospheric sudden warmings. Part I: Climatology and modeling benchmarks
    • DOI 10.1175/JCLI3996.1
    • Charlton, A. J. and Polvani, L. M.: A new look at stratospheric sud-den warmings. Part I: Climatology and modeling benchmarks, J. Clim., 20, 449-469, 2007. (Pubitemid 46332520)
    • (2007) Journal of Climate , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 449-469
    • Charlton, A.J.1    Polvani, L.M.2
  • 16
    • 0000983261 scopus 로고
    • Solar proton events: Stratospheric sources of nitric oxide
    • Crutzen, P. J., Isaksen, I. S. A., and Reid, G. C.: Solar proton events: Stratospheric sources of nitric oxide, Science, 189, 457-458, 1975.
    • (1975) Science , vol.189 , pp. 457-458
    • Crutzen, P.J.1    Isaksen, I.S.A.2    Reid, G.C.3
  • 19
    • 72149094578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric polar vortex influence on Northern Hemisphere winter climate variability
    • doi:10.1029/2009GL039334
    • Douville, H.: Stratospheric polar vortex influence on Northern Hemisphere winter climate variability, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L18703, doi:10.1029/2009GL039334, 2009.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Douville, H.1
  • 20
    • 18544410072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical and dynamical response to the 11-year variability of the solar irradiance simulated with a chemistry-climate model
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL019294
    • Egorova, T., Rozanov, E., Manzini, E., Haberreiter, M., Schmutz, W., Zubov, V., and Peter, T.: Chemical and dynamical response to the 11-year variability of the solar irradiance simulated with a chemistry-climate model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L06119, doi:10.1029/2003GL019294, 2004.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.31
    • Egorova, T.1    Rozanov, E.2    Manzini, E.3    Haberreiter, M.4    Schmutz, W.5    Zubov, V.6    Peter, T.7
  • 21
    • 0001971584 scopus 로고
    • Slow thermally or frictionally controlled meridional circulation in a circular vortex
    • Eliassen, A.: Slow thermally or frictionally controlled meridional circulation in a circular vortex, Astrophys. Norv., 5, 19-60, 1951.
    • (1951) Astrophys. Norv. , vol.5 , pp. 19-60
    • Eliassen, A.1
  • 24
    • 0008427037 scopus 로고
    • On morphology and auroral and magnetic disturbances at high latitudes
    • Feldstein, Y. I.: On morphology and auroral and magnetic disturbances at high latitudes, Geomagn. Aeron., 3, 227-239, 1963.
    • (1963) Geomagn. Aeron. , vol.3 , pp. 227-239
    • Feldstein, Y.I.1
  • 25
    • 0038294189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global and zonal total ozone variations estimated from ground-based and satellite measurements: 1964-2000
    • DOI 10.1029/2001JD001350
    • Fioletov, V. E., Bodeker, G. E., Miller, A. J., McPeters, R. D., and Stolarski, R.: Global and zonal total ozone variations estimated from groundbased and satellite measurements: 1964-2000, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4647, doi:10.1029/2001JD001350, 2002. (Pubitemid 44793808)
    • (2002) Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres , vol.107 , Issue.22 , pp. 4647
    • Fioletov, V.E.1    Bodeker, G.E.2    Miller, A.J.3    McPeters, R.D.4    Stolarski, R.5
  • 26
    • 69249219368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The radiative energy budget of the middle atmosphere and its parameterizations in general circulation models
    • doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2009.04.007
    • Fomichev, V. I.: The radiative energy budget of the middle atmosphere and its parameterizations in general circulation models., J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 71, 1577-1585, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2009.04.007, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. , vol.71 , pp. 1577-1585
    • Fomichev, V.I.1
  • 28
    • 79958139459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapter 3: Radiation
    • edited by Eyring, V., Shepherd, T. G., and Waugh, D. W., SPARC, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Tech. Rep. WCRP-132/WMO/TD-1526/SPARC Rep. 5
    • Fomichev, V. I., Forster, P. M., Cagnazzo, C., Jonsson, A. I., Langematz, U., Rozanov, E., Falaleeva, V., Fomin, B., Gillett, N., Iacono, M., Karpechko, A., Li, J., Lemennais, P., Mayer, B., Mlawer, E., Morgenstern, O., Myhre, G., Oberländer, S., Portmann, R., and Sigmond, M.: Chapter 3: Radiation, in: SPARC CCMVal Report on the Evaluation of Chemistry-Climate Models, edited by Eyring, V., Shepherd, T. G., and Waugh, D. W., SPARC, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Tech. Rep. WCRP-132/WMO/TD-1526/SPARC Rep. 5, 2010.
    • (2010) SPARC CCMVal Report on the Evaluation of Chemistry-Climate Models
    • Fomichev, V.I.1
  • 29
    • 10844239968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar radiative output and its variability: Evidence and mechanisms
    • DOI 10.1007/s00159-004-0024-1
    • Fröhlich, C. and Lean, J.: Solar radiative output and its variability: evidence and mechanisms, Astron. Astrophys. Rev., 12, 273-320, doi:10.1007/s00159-004-0024-1, 2004. (Pubitemid 40005830)
    • (2004) Astronomy and Astrophysics Review , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 273-320
    • Frohlich, C.1    Lean, J.2
  • 30
    • 0000154228 scopus 로고
    • The range-energy relation for 0.1-600 keV electrons
    • Gledhill, J. A.: The range-energy relation for 0.1-600 keV electrons, J. Phys. A: Math, Nucl. Gen., 6, 1420-1428, 1973.
    • (1973) J. Phys. A: Math, Nucl. Gen. , vol.6 , pp. 1420-1428
    • Gledhill, J.A.1
  • 35
    • 0026295396 scopus 로고
    • On the "downward control" of extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy-induced mean zonal forces
    • Haynes, P. H., Marks, C. J., McIntyre, M. E., Shepherd, T. G., and Shine, K. P.: On the "downward control" of extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy-induced mean zonal forces, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 651-678, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 651-678
    • Haynes, P.H.1    Marks, C.J.2    McIntyre, M.E.3    Shepherd, T.G.4    Shine, K.P.5
  • 36
    • 0013009312 scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of the cosmic ray ion-pair production rate above 18 km
    • Heaps, M.: Parameterization of the cosmic ray ion-pair production rate above 18 km, Planet Space Sci., 26, 513-517, 1978.
    • (1978) Planet Space Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 513-517
    • Heaps, M.1
  • 37
    • 66849123323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Past and future conditions for polar stratospheric cloud formation simulated by the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model
    • doi:10.5194/acp-9-483-2009
    • Hitchcock, P., Shepherd, T. G., and McLandress, C.: Past and future conditions for polar stratospheric cloud formation simulated by the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 483-495, doi:10.5194/acp-9-483- 2009, 2009.
    • (2009) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.9 , pp. 483-495
    • Hitchcock, P.1    Shepherd, T.G.2    McLandress, C.3
  • 38
    • 33749584001 scopus 로고
    • Mathematical representation of the auroral oval
    • doi:10.1029/GL002i009p00377
    • Holzworth, R. H. and Meng, C.-I.: Mathematical representation of the auroral oval, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2, 377-380, doi:10.1029/GL002i009p00377, 1975.
    • (1975) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.2 , pp. 377-380
    • Holzworth, R.H.1    Meng, C.-I.2
  • 39
    • 33845652027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar induced variations of odd nitrogen: Multiple regression analysis of UARS HALOE data
    • DOI 10.1029/2006GL028122
    • Hood, L. L. and Soukharev, B. E.: Solar induced variations of odd nitrogen: Multiple regression analysis of UARS HALOE data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L22805, doi:10.1029/2006GL028122, 2006. (Pubitemid 47386173)
    • (2006) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.33 , Issue.22
    • Hood, L.L.1    Soukharev, B.E.2
  • 41
    • 79958106560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IAGA/V-MOD website last access: 15 July 2008
    • IAGA/V-MOD website:http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/IAGA/vmod, last access: 15 July, 2008.
  • 42
    • 0003564167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
    • IPCC: Special Report on Emission Scenarios, Technical report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 599 pp., 2000.
    • (2000) IPCC: Special Report on Emission Scenarios, Technical Report , pp. 599
  • 44
    • 20444506832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of the several very large solar proton events in years 2000-2003 on the neutral middle atmosphere
    • DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.09.006, PII S027311770400746X, Influence of the Sun's Rediation and Particles on the Earth's Atmosphere and Climate
    • Jackman, C. H., DeLand, M. T., Labow, G. J., Fleming, E. L., Weisenstein, D. K., Ko, M. K. W., Sinnhuber, M., Anderson, J., and Russell, J. M.: The influence of the several very large solar proton events in years 2000-2003 on the neutral middle atmosphere, Adv. Space Res., 35, 445-450, 2005. (Pubitemid 40822051)
    • (2005) Advances in Space Research , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 445-450
    • Jackman, C.H.1    Deland, M.T.2    Labow, G.J.3    Fleming, E.L.4    Weisenstein, D.K.5    Ko, M.K.W.6    Sinnhuber, M.7    Anderson, J.8    Russell, J.M.9
  • 47
    • 76349091642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of Southern Hemisphere ozone in chemistry-climate model simulations
    • doi:10.5194/acp-10-1385-2010
    • Karpechko, A. Yu., Gillett, N. P., Hassler, B., Rosenlof, K. H., and Rozanov, E.: Quantitative assessment of Southern Hemisphere ozone in chemistry-climate model simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1385-1400, doi:10.5194/acp-10-1385-2010, 2010.
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 1385-1400
    • Yu., K.A.1    Gillett, N.P.2    Hassler, B.3    Rosenlof, K.H.4    Rozanov, E.5
  • 48
    • 17744376817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 11-year solar-cycle effects on the temperature in the upper-stratosphere and mesosphere: Part I - Assessment of observations
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.01.008, PII S1364682605000805
    • Keckhut, P., Cagnazzo, C., Chanin, M.-L., Claud, C., and Hauchecorne, A.: The 11-year solar-cycle effects on the temperature in the upper-stratosphere and mesosphere: Part I- Assessment of observations, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 67, 940-947, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.01.008, 2005. (Pubitemid 41102617)
    • (2005) Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics , vol.67 , Issue.11 , pp. 940-947
    • Keckhut, P.1    Cagnazzo, C.2    Chanin, M.-L.3    Claud, C.4    Hauchecorne, A.5
  • 49
    • 33646451374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of stratospheric sudden warming on the equatorial troposphere
    • doi:10.1029/2005GL024510
    • Kodera, K.: Influence of stratospheric sudden warming on the equatorial troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L086804, doi:10.1029/2005GL024510, 2006.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • Kodera, K.1
  • 50
    • 36448951981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamical response to the solar cycle
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002224
    • Kodera, K. and Kuroda, Y.: Dynamical response to the solar cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4749, doi:10.1029/2002JD002224, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 4749
    • Kodera, K.1    Kuroda, Y.2
  • 51
    • 34047226854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar influence on the tropical stratosphere and troposphere in the northern summer
    • DOI 10.1029/2006GL026659
    • Kodera, K. and Shibata, K.: Solar influence on the tropical stratosphere and troposphere in the northern summer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19704, doi:10.1029/2006GL026659, 2006. (Pubitemid 46535080)
    • (2006) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.33 , Issue.19
    • Kodera, K.1    Shibata, K.2
  • 53
    • 33745515720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatio-temporal filling of missing points in geophysical data sets
    • Kondrashov, D. and Ghil, M.: Spatio-temporal filling of missing points in geophysical data sets, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 13, 151-159, doi:10.5194/npg-13-151-2006, 2006. (Pubitemid 43980712)
    • (2006) Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-159
    • Kondrashov, D.1    Ghil, M.2
  • 54
    • 0033610961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetic energy spectrum of horizontal motions in middle-atmosphere models
    • doi:10.1029/1999JD900814
    • Koshyk, J. N., Boville, B. A., Hamilton, K., Manzini, E., and Shibata, K.: Kinetic energy spectrum of horizontal motions in middle-atmosphere models, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 27,177- 27,190, doi:10.1029/1999JD900814, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 27177-27190
    • Koshyk, J.N.1    Boville, B.A.2    Hamilton, K.3    Manzini, E.4    Shibata, K.5
  • 55
    • 0036769111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the solar cycle on the Polar-night jet oscillation
    • Kuroda, Y. and Kodera, K.: Effect of the solar cycle on the Polar-night jet oscillation, J. Met. Soc. Japan, 80, 973-984, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Met. Soc. Japan , vol.80 , pp. 973-984
    • Kuroda, Y.1    Kodera, K.2
  • 56
    • 0030417239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional study of the relative contributions of the different nitrogen sources in the troposphere
    • doi:10.1029/96JD02160
    • Lamarque, J.-F., Brasseur, G., Hess, P., and Müller, J.-F.: Three-dimensional study of the relative contributions of the different nitrogen sources in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22955-22968, doi:10.1029/96JD02160, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 22955-22968
    • Lamarque, J.-F.1    Brasseur, G.2    Hess, P.3    Müller, J.-F.4
  • 57
    • 23944469599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical effects in 11-year solar cycle simulations with the Freie Universität Berlin Climate Middle Atmosphere Model with online chemistry (FUB-CMAM-CHEM)
    • DOI 10.1029/2005GL022686, L13803
    • Langematz, U., Grenfell, J. L., Matthes, K., Mieth, P., Kunze, M., Steil, B., and Brühl, C.: Chemical effects in 11-year solar cycle simulations with the Freie Universität Berlin Climate Middle Atmosphere Model with online chemistry (FUB-CMAM-CHEM), Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L13803, doi:10.1029/2005GL022686, 2005. (Pubitemid 41319980)
    • (2005) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.32 , Issue.13 , pp. 1-4
    • Langematz, U.1    Grenfell, J.L.2    Matthes, K.3    Mieth, P.4    Kunze, M.5    Steil, B.6    Bruhl, C.7
  • 61
    • 38949114911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the whole atmosphere response to solar cycle changes in radiative and geomagnetic forcing
    • doi:10.1029/2006JD008306
    • Marsh, D. R., Garcia, R. R., Kinnison, D. E., Boville, B. A., Sassi, F., Solomon, S. C., and Matthes, K.: Modeling the whole atmosphere response to solar cycle changes in radiative and geomagnetic forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D23306, doi:10.1029/2006JD008306, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • Marsh, D.R.1    Garcia, R.R.2    Kinnison, D.E.3    Boville, B.A.4    Sassi, F.5    Solomon, S.C.6    Matthes, K.7
  • 62
    • 77957555396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the QBO in modulating the influence of the 11 year solar cycle on the atmosphere using constant forcings
    • doi:10.1029/2009JD013020
    • Matthes, K., Marsh, D. R., Garcia, R. R., Kinnison, D. E., Sassi, F., and Walters, S.: Role of the QBO in modulating the influence of the 11 year solar cycle on the atmosphere using constant forcings, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D18110, doi:10.1029/2009JD013020, 2010.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Matthes, K.1    Marsh, D.R.2    Garcia, R.R.3    Kinnison, D.E.4    Sassi, F.5    Walters, S.6
  • 63
    • 76649124257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of climate change on stratospheric sudden warmings as simulated by the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model
    • doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3069.1
    • McLandress, C. and Shepherd, T. G.: Impact of climate change on stratospheric sudden warmings as simulated by the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model, J. Clim., 22, 5449-5463, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3069.1, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 5449-5463
    • McLandress, C.1    Shepherd, T.G.2
  • 64
    • 33847046343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: An analysis using the extended Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model
    • doi:10.1029/2005JD006776
    • McLandress, C., Ward, W. E., Fomichev, V. I., Semeniuk, K., Bea-gley, S. R., McFarlane, N. A., and Shepherd, T. G.: Large-scale dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: An analysis using the extended Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D17111, doi:10.1029/ 2005JD006776, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • McLandress, C.1    Ward, W.E.2    Fomichev, V.I.3    Semeniuk, K.4    Bea-Gley, S.R.5    McFarlane, N.A.6    Shepherd, T.G.7
  • 65
    • 77950442303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical Note: A SAGE -corrected SBUV zonal-mean ozone data set
    • doi:10.5194/acp-9-7963-2009
    • McLinden, C. A., Tegtmeier, S., and Fioletov, V.: Technical Note: A SAGE-corrected SBUV zonal-mean ozone data set, At-mos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7963-7972, doi:10.5194/acp-9-7963-2009, 2009.
    • (2009) At-mos. Chem. Phys. , vol.9 , pp. 7963-7972
    • McLinden, C.A.1    Tegtmeier, S.2    Fioletov, V.3
  • 66
    • 72349094935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Funneling of meteoric material into the polar vortex
    • edited by: O'Dowd C. D. and Wagner, P. E. Springer, The Netherlands doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3 170
    • Megner, L.: Funneling of meteoric material into the polar vortex, in: Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, edited by: O'Dowd, C. D. and Wagner, P. E., Springer, The Netherlands, 860-864, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3 170, 2007.
    • (2007) Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols , pp. 860-864
    • Megner, L.1
  • 68
    • 30344459712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of mixing and chemical change on ozone-tracer relations in the polar vortex
    • Müller, R., Tilmes, S., Konopka, P., Grooß, J.-U., and Jost, H.-J.: Impact of mixing and chemical change on ozone-tracer relations in the polar vortex, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3139-3151, doi:10.5194/acp-5-3139-2005, 2005. (Pubitemid 43065738)
    • (2005) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol.5 , Issue.11 , pp. 3139-3151
    • Muller, R.1    Tilmes, S.2    Konopka, P.3    Grooss, J.-U.4    Jost, H.-J.5
  • 69
    • 34548415427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new formulation of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC)
    • Newman, P. A., Daniel, J. S., Waugh, D. W., and Nash, E. R.: A new formulation of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4537-4552, doi:10.5194/acp-7-4537-2007, 2007. (Pubitemid 47358683)
    • (2007) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol.7 , Issue.17 , pp. 4537-4552
    • Newman, P.A.1    Daniel, J.S.2    Waugh, D.W.3    Nash, E.R.4
  • 70
    • 35348931719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a better representation of the solar cycle in general circulation models
    • Nissen, K. M., Matthes, K., Langematz, U., and Mayer, B.: Towards a better representation of the solar cycle in general circulation models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5391-5400, doi:10.5194/acp-7-5391-2007, 2007. (Pubitemid 47603134)
    • (2007) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol.7 , Issue.20 , pp. 5391-5400
    • Nissen, K.M.1    Matthes, K.2    Langematz, U.3    Mayer, B.4
  • 71
    • 79958175125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOAA/POES website last access: 24 January 2008
    • NOAA/POES website: http://ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/satellite/poes/ index.html, last access: 24 January, 2008.
  • 72
    • 0035888524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-lived tracer patterns in the summer polar stratosphere
    • DOI 10.1029/2001GL013103
    • Orsolini, Y. J.: Long-lived tracer patterns in the summer polar stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3855-3858, doi:10.1029/2001GL013103, 2001. (Pubitemid 33066582)
    • (2001) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.28 , Issue.20 , pp. 3855-3858
    • Orsolini, Y.J.1
  • 75
    • 75449093055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric acid in the stratosphere based on Odin observations from 2001 to 2009 - Part 2: High-altitude polar enhancements
    • doi:10.5194/acp-9-7045-2009
    • Orsolini, Y. J., Urban, J., and Murtagh, D. P.: Nitric acid in the stratosphere based on Odin observations from 2001 to 2009 - Part 2: High-altitude polar enhancements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7045-7052, doi:10.5194/acp-9-7045-2009, 2009.
    • (2009) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.9 , pp. 7045-7052
    • Orsolini, Y.J.1    Urban, J.2    Murtagh, D.P.3
  • 76
    • 10144221373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The possible connection between ionization in the atmosphere by cosmic rays and low level clouds
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.07.041, PII S1364682604002056
    • Pallé, E., Butler, C. J., and O'Brien, K.: The possible connection between ionization in the atmosphere by cosmic rays and low level clouds, J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phys., 66, 1779-1790, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2004.07.041, 2004. (Pubitemid 39615660)
    • (2004) Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics , vol.66 , Issue.18 , pp. 1779-1790
    • Palle, E.1    Butler, C.J.2    O'Brien, K.3
  • 78
    • 0036555118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric response to stratospheric perturbations in relatively simple general circulation model
    • doi:10.1029/2001GL014284
    • Polvani, L. M. and Kushner, P. J.: Tropospheric response to stratospheric perturbations in relatively simple general circulation model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1114, doi:10.1029/2001GL014284, 2002.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , pp. 1114
    • Polvani, L.M.1    Kushner, P.J.2
  • 79
    • 0000938907 scopus 로고
    • Efficiencies for production of atomic nitrogen and oxygen by rela-tivistic proton impact in air
    • doi:10.1063/1.432812
    • Porter, H. S., Jackman, C. H., and Green, A. E. S.: Efficiencies for production of atomic nitrogen and oxygen by rela-tivistic proton impact in air, J. Chem. Phys., 65, 154-167, doi:10.1063/1.432812, 1976.
    • (1976) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.65 , pp. 154-167
    • Porter, H.S.1    Jackman, C.H.2    Green, A.E.S.3
  • 81
    • 0035874907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • x enhancements in the southern hemisphere vortex in winter / spring of 2000
    • DOI 10.1029/2000GL012746
    • x enhancement in the Southern Hemisphere vortex in winter/spring of 2000, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2385-2388, doi:10.1029/2000GL012746, 2001. (Pubitemid 32693117)
    • (2001) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.28 , Issue.12 , pp. 2385-2388
    • Randall, C.E.1    Siskind, D.E.2    Bevilacqua, R.M.3
  • 84
    • 34249684737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A stratospheric ozone profile data set for 1979-2005: Variability, trends, and comparisons with column ozone data
    • DOI 10.1029/2006JD007339
    • Randel, W. J. and Wu, F.: A stratospheric ozone profile data set for 1979-2005: Variability, trends, and comparisons with column ozone data, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D06313, doi:10.1029/2006JD007339, 2007. (Pubitemid 46824918)
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres , vol.112 , Issue.6
    • Randel, W.J.1    Wu, F.2
  • 88
    • 62149129641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the stratospheric/tropospheric response to solar forcing
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD010114
    • Rind, D., Lean, J., Lerner, J., Lonergan, P., and Leboissitier, A.: Exploring the stratospheric/tropospheric response to solar forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D24103, doi:10.1029/2008JD010114, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Rind, D.1    Lean, J.2    Lerner, J.3    Lonergan, P.4    Leboissitier, A.5
  • 90
    • 77950355604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar cycle signals in sea level pressure and sea surface temperature
    • doi:10.5194/acp-10-3147-2010
    • Roy, I. and Haigh, J. D.: Solar cycle signals in sea level pressure and sea surface temperature, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3147-3153, doi:10.5194/acp-10- 3147-2010, 2010.
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 3147-3153
    • Roy, I.1    Haigh, J.D.2
  • 93
    • 39349096340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The wintertime two-day wave in the polar stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere
    • doi:10.5194/acp-8-749-2008
    • Sandford, D. J., Schwartz, M. J., and Mitchell, N. J.: The wintertime two-day wave in the polar stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 749-755, doi:10.5194/acp-8-749-2008, 2008.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 749-755
    • Sandford, D.J.1    Schwartz, M.J.2    Mitchell, N.J.3
  • 94
    • 77958537273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulation of the MLT response to natural and anthropogenic forcing for the period 1960 to 2006
    • NCAR, Boulder, Colorado, USA 15-18 June
    • Schmidt, H.: Numerical simulation of the MLT response to natural and anthropogenic forcing for the period 1960 to 2006, The 6th IAGA/ICMA/CAWSES workshop on Long-Term Changes and Trends in the Atmosphere, NCAR, Boulder, Colorado, USA, 15-18 June, 2010.
    • (2010) The 6th IAGA/ICMA/CAWSES Workshop on Long-Term Changes and Trends in the Atmosphere
    • Schmidt, H.1
  • 96
    • 57349126230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical Note: The CCCma third generation AGCM and its extension into the middle atmosphere
    • doi:10.5194/acp-8-7055-2008
    • Scinocca, J. F., McFarlane, N. A., Lazare, M., Li, J., and Plummer, D.: Technical Note: The CCCma third generation AGCM and its extension into the middle atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7055-7074, doi:10.5194/acp-8-7055- 2008, 2008.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 7055-7074
    • Scinocca, J.F.1    McFarlane, N.A.2    Lazare, M.3    Li, J.4    Plummer, D.5
  • 99
    • 72649090318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geomagnetic activity and polar surface air temperature variability
    • doi:10.1029/2008JA014029
    • Seppälä, A., Randall, C. E., Clilverd, M. A., Rozanov, E., and Rodger, C. J.: Geomagnetic activity and polar surface air temperature variability, J. Geophys. Res., 114, A10312, doi:10.1029/2008JA014029, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Seppälä, A.1    Randall, C.E.2    Clilverd, M.A.3    Rozanov, E.4    Rodger, C.J.5
  • 100
    • 0000572279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar cycle variability, ozone, and climate
    • doi:10.1126/science.284.5412.305
    • Shindell, D., Rind, D., Balachandran, N., Lean, J., and Lonergan, P.: Solar cycle variability, ozone, and climate, Science, 284, 305-308, doi:10.1126/science.284.5412.305, 1999.
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 305-308
    • Shindell, D.1    Rind, D.2    Balachandran, N.3    Lean, J.4    Lonergan, P.5
  • 101
    • 85040187824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the coupling between middle and upper atmospheric odd nitrogen
    • edited by: Siskind, D. E., Eckermann, S. D., and Summers, M. E. AGU, Washington DC, USA
    • Siskind, D. E.: On the coupling between middle and upper atmospheric odd nitrogen, in: Atmospheric Science Across the Stratopause, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 123, edited by: Siskind, D. E., Eckermann, S. D., and Summers, M. E., 101- 116, AGU, Washington, DC, USA, 2000.
    • (2000) Atmospheric Science Across the Stratopause, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. , vol.123 , pp. 101-116
    • Siskind, D.E.1
  • 102
    • 79958162208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SOLARIS website last access: 17 March 2008
    • SOLARIS website: http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/met/ag/strat/ forschung/SOLARIS/Input data, last access: 17 March, 2008.
  • 103
    • 0000157885 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the August 1972 solar proton event including chlorine chemistry
    • doi:10.1029/JC086iC02p01140
    • Solomon, S. and Crutzen, P. J.: Analysis of the August 1972 solar proton event including chlorine chemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 1140-1146, doi:10.1029/JC086iC02p01140, 1981.
    • (1981) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.86 , pp. 1140-1146
    • Solomon, S.1    Crutzen, P.J.2
  • 104
    • 0001471110 scopus 로고
    • The effect of particle precipitation events on the neutral and ion chemistry of the middle atmosphere 2, Odd hydrogen
    • doi:10.1016/0032-0633(81)90078-7
    • Solomon, S., Rusch, D. W., Gerard, J. C., Reid, G. C., and Crutzen, P. J.: The effect of particle precipitation events on the neutral and ion chemistry of the middle atmosphere, 2, Odd hydrogen, Planet. Space Sci., 29, 885-893, doi:10.1016/0032-0633(81)90078-7, 1981.
    • (1981) Planet. Space Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 885-893
    • Solomon, S.1    Rusch, D.W.2    Gerard, J.C.3    Reid, G.C.4    Crutzen, P.J.5
  • 105
    • 0021043325 scopus 로고
    • Meso-spheric ozone depletion during the solar proton event of July 13 1982 2, Comparison between theory and measurements
    • Solomon, S., Reid, G. C., Rusch, D. W., and Thomas, R. J.: Meso-spheric ozone depletion during the solar proton event of July 13, 1982, 2, Comparison between theory and measurements, Geo-phys. Res. Lett., 10, 257-260, 1983.
    • (1983) Geo-phys. Res. Lett. , vol.10 , pp. 257-260
    • Solomon, S.1    Reid, G.C.2    Rusch, D.W.3    Thomas, R.J.4
  • 106
    • 77749264571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of stratospheric water vapor to decadal changes in the rate of global warming
    • doi:10.1126/science.1182488
    • Solomon, S., Rosenlof, K. H., Portmann, R. W., Daniel, J. S., Davis, S. M., Sanford, T. J., and Plattner, G.-K.: Contributions of stratospheric water vapor to decadal changes in the rate of global warming, Science, 327, 1219-1223, doi:10.1126/science.1182488, 2010.
    • (2010) Science , vol.327 , pp. 1219-1223
    • Solomon, S.1    Rosenlof, K.H.2    Portmann, R.W.3    Daniel, J.S.4    Davis, S.M.5    Sanford, T.J.6    Plattner, G.-K.7
  • 107
    • 33845628919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar cycle variation of stratospheric ozone: Multiple regression analysis of long-term satellite data sets and comparisons with models
    • DOI 10.1029/2006JD007107
    • Soukharev, B. E. and Hood, L. L.: Solar cycle variation of stratospheric ozone: Multiple regression analysis of long-term satellite data sets and comparison with models, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D20314, doi:10.1029/2006JD007107, 2006. (Pubitemid 44941298)
    • (2006) Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres , vol.111 , Issue.20
    • Soukharev, B.E.1    Hood, L.L.2
  • 108
    • 78650362944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SPARC CCMVal 2010 edited by Eyring V., Shepherd, T. G., and Waugh, D. W., SPARC, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Tech. Rep. WCRP-132/WMO/TD-1526/SPARC Rep. 5
    • SPARC CCMVal 2010: SPARC Report on the Evaluation of Chemistry-Climate Models, edited by Eyring, V., Shepherd, T. G., and Waugh, D. W., SPARC, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Tech. Rep. WCRP-132/WMO/TD-1526/SPARC Rep. 5, available at: http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/SPARC, 2010.
    • (2010) SPARC Report on the Evaluation of Chemistry-Climate Models
  • 109
    • 21844512369 scopus 로고
    • Statistical dependences between the magnetic activity indices
    • Starkov, G. V.: Statistical dependences between the magnetic activity indices, Geomagn. Aeronomy, 34, 101-103, 1994.
    • (1994) Geomagn. Aeronomy , vol.34 , pp. 101-103
    • Starkov, G.V.1
  • 111
    • 0000356970 scopus 로고
    • Decrease of ozone and atomic oxygen in the lower mesosphere during a PCA event
    • doi:10.1016/0032-0633(73)90126-8
    • Swider, W. and Keneshea, T. J.: Decrease of ozone and atomic oxygen in the lower mesosphere during a PCA event, Planet. Space Sci., 21, 1969-1973, doi:10.1016/0032-0633(73)90126-8, 1973.
    • (1973) Planet. Space Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 1969-1973
    • Swider, W.1    Keneshea, T.J.2
  • 112
    • 0025661351 scopus 로고
    • Effects of autocorrelation and temporal sampling schemes on estimates of trend and spatial correlation
    • doi:10.1029/JD095iD12p20507
    • Tiao, G. C., Reinsel, G. C., Xu, D., Pedrick, J. H., Zhu, X., Miller, A. J., DeLuisi, J. J., Mateer, C. L., and Wuebbles, D. J.: Effects of autocorrelation and temporal sampling schemes on estimates of trend and spatial correlation, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 20507-20517, doi:10.1029/JD095iD12p20507, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 20507-20517
    • Tiao, G.C.1    Reinsel, G.C.2    Xu, D.3    Pedrick, J.H.4    Zhu, X.5    Miller, A.J.6    Deluisi, J.J.7    Mateer, C.L.8    Wuebbles, D.J.9
  • 114
    • 75449085351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The two-day wave in the Antarctic and Arctic mesosphere and lower thermosphere
    • doi:10.5194/acp-9-6377-2009
    • Tunbrige, V. M., and Mitchell, N. J.: The two-day wave in the Antarctic and Arctic mesosphere and lower thermosphere, At-mos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6377-6388, doi:10.5194/acp-9-6377-2009, 2009.
    • (2009) At-mos. Chem. Phys. , vol.9 , pp. 6377-6388
    • Tunbrige, V.M.1    Mitchell, N.J.2
  • 115
    • 75449096198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric acid in the stratosphere based on Odin observations from 2001 to 2009 - Part 1: A global climatology
    • doi:10.5194/acp-9-7031-2009
    • Urban, J., Pommier, M., Murtagh, D. P., Santee, M. L., and Orsolini, Y. J.: Nitric acid in the stratosphere based on Odin observations from 2001 to 2009 - Part 1: A global climatology, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7031-7044, doi:10.5194/acp-9-7031-2009, 2009.
    • (2009) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.9 , pp. 7031-7044
    • Urban, J.1    Pommier, M.2    Murtagh, D.P.3    Santee, M.L.4    Orsolini, Y.J.5
  • 116
    • 34250863501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosmic ray induced ionization in the atmosphere: Full modeling and practical applications
    • DOI 10.1029/2006JD007150
    • Usoskin, I. G. and Kovaltsov, G. A.: Cosmic ray induced ionization in the atmosphere: Full modeling and practical applications, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D21206, doi:10.1029/2006JD007150, 2006. (Pubitemid 46978600)
    • (2006) Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres , vol.111 , Issue.21
    • Usoskin, I.G.1    Kovaltsov, G.A.2
  • 118
    • 77953175458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosmic ray induced ionization model CRAC:CRII: An extension to the upper atmosphere
    • doi:10.1029/2009JD013142
    • Usoskin, I. G., Kovaltsov, G. A., and Mironova, I. A.: Cosmic ray induced ionization model CRAC:CRII: An extension to the upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D10302, doi:10.1029/2009JD013142, 2010.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Usoskin, I.G.1    Kovaltsov, G.A.2    Mironova, I.A.3
  • 119
    • 34547443899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of odd hydrogen in the mesosphere during the January 2005 solar proton event
    • DOI 10.1029/2006GL028115
    • Verronen, P. T., Seppälä, A., Kyrölä, E., Tamminen, J., Pickett, H. M., and Turunen, E.: Production of odd hydrogen in the meso-sphere during the January 2005 solar proton event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L24811, doi:10.1029/2006GL028115, 2006. (Pubitemid 47277826)
    • (2006) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.33 , Issue.24
    • Verronen, P.T.1    Seppala, A.2    Kyrola, E.3    Tamminen, J.4    Pickett, H.M.5    Turunen, E.6
  • 121
    • 0000947928 scopus 로고
    • Cosmic radiation as a source of odd nitrogen in the stratosphere
    • doi:10.1029/JC077i033p06589
    • Warneck, P.: Cosmic radiation as a source of odd nitrogen in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 6589-6591, doi:10.1029/JC077i033p06589, 1972.
    • (1972) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.77 , pp. 6589-6591
    • Warneck, P.1
  • 122
    • 79958164943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WDC website last access 20 March 2008
    • WDC website: http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp last access: 20 March 2008.
  • 123
    • 34548538115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of tropical global ocean temperature to the Sun's quasi-decadal UV radiative forcing of the stratosphere
    • DOI 10.1029/2004JC002552
    • White, W. B.: Response of tropical global ocean temperature to the Sun's quasi-decadal UV radiative forcing of the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 111, C09020, doi:10.1029/2004JC002552, 2006. (Pubitemid 47381790)
    • (2006) Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans , vol.111 , Issue.9
    • White, W.B.1
  • 124
    • 0030927553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of global upper ocean temperature to changing solar irradiance
    • doi:10.1029/96JC03549
    • White, W. B., Lean, J., Cayan, D. R., and Dettinger, M. D.: Response of global upper ocean temperature to changing solar irradiance, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 3255-3266, doi:10.1029/96JC03549, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 3255-3266
    • White, W.B.1    Lean, J.2    Cayan, D.R.3    Dettinger, M.D.4
  • 125
    • 79958116716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Meteorological Organization (WMO)/United Nations Global Research and Monitoring Project -Report No. 47 Geneva, Switzerland
    • World Meteorological Organization (WMO)/United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2002, Global Research and Monitoring Project - Report No. 47, Geneva, Switzerland, 489 pp., 2003.
    • (2003) Environment Programme (UNEP): Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2002 , pp. 489
  • 126
    • 34249007635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the strength of ENSO events: How does 1997/ 98 rank?
    • Wolter, K. and Timlin, M. S.: Measuring the strength of ENSO events: How does 1997/98 rank?, Weather, 53, 315-324, 1998.
    • (1998) Weather , vol.53 , pp. 315-324
    • Wolter, K.1    Timlin, M.S.2
  • 127
    • 0036769957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical studies on time variations of the troposphere-stratosphere coupled system
    • Yoden, S., Taguchi, M., and Naito, Y.: Numerical studies on time variations of the troposphere-stratosphere coupled system, J. Met. Soc. Japan, 80, 811-830, 2002. (Pubitemid 36199124)
    • (2002) Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan , vol.80 , Issue.4 B , pp. 811-830
    • Yoden, S.1    Taguchi, M.2    Naito, Y.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.