Rotator cuff tears: What have we learned from animal models?

Journal of Musculoskeletal Neuronal Interactions

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 150-162

  Edelstein, L ^a   Thomas, S J ^a   Soslowsky, L J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Animal model; Rotator cuff; Tendon healing

Indexed keywords

AGGRECAN; BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; BIGLYCAN; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 12; CARTILAGE OLIGOMERIC MATRIX PROTEIN; COLLAGEN TYPE 1; COLLAGEN TYPE 10; COLLAGEN TYPE 12; COLLAGEN TYPE 2; COLLAGEN TYPE 3; COLLAGEN TYPE 9; COLLAGENASE 3; CONNECTIVE TISSUE GROWTH FACTOR; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; DECORIN; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN POLYSULFATE; GROWTH DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 6; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR BB; PROSTAGLANDIN E2; SCLEROPROTEIN; STROMELYSIN; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 2; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA3;

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE MODEL; EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL; EXPERIMENTAL MODEL; FRACTURE HEALING; HUMAN; MECHANICAL STRESS; MUSCLE REGENERATION; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; REPETITIVE STRAIN INJURY; REVIEW; ROTATOR CUFF RUPTURE; SHOULDER INJURY; SHOULDER SURGERY; SUTURING METHOD; TENDON GRAFT; TENDON STRESS;

ANIMALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; ORTHOPEDIC PROCEDURES; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; ROTATOR CUFF; SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME; TENDINOPATHY; TISSUE SCAFFOLDS; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 79958050342     PISSN: 11087161     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. Praemer A, Furner S, Rice DP. Musculoskeletal Conditions in the United States Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1999.
2. Yamamoto A, Takagishi K, Osawa T, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of a rotator cuff tear in the general population. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2010;19:116-20.
3. Abboud JA, Soslowsky LJ. Interplay of the Static and Dynamic Restraints in Glenohumeral Instability. Clinical Or thopaedics and Related Research 2002;1:48-57.
4. Bigliani LU, Kelkar R, Flatow EL, Pollock RG, Mow VC. Glenohumeral stability. Biomechanical properties of passive and active stabilizers. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1996:13-30.
5. Soslowsky LJ, Carpenter JE, Bucchieri JS, Flatow EL. Biomechanics of the rotator cuff. Orthop Clin North Am 1997;28:17-30.
6. Bey MJ, Song HK, Wehrli FW, Soslowsky LJ. Intratendinous strain fields of the intact supraspinatus tendon: the effect of glenohumeral joint position and tendon region. J Orthop Res 2002;20:869-74.
7. Tempelhof S, Rupp S, Seil R. Age-related prevalence of rotator cuff tears in asymptomatic shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1999;8:296-9.
8. Worland RL, Lee D, Orozco CG, SozaRex F, Keenan J. Correlation of age, acromial morphology, and rotator cuff tear pathology diagnosed by ultrasound in asymptomatic patients. J South Orthop Assoc 2003;12:23-6.
9. Galatz LM, Ball CM, Teefey SA, Middleton WD, Yamaguchi K. The outcome and repair integrity of completely arthroscopically repaired large and massive rotator cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86-A:219-24.
10. Soslowsky LJ, Carpenter JE, DeBano CM, Banerji I, Moalli MR. Development and use of an animal model for investigations on rotator cuff disease. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1996;5:383-92.
11. Carpenter JE, Thomopoulos S, Flanagan CL, DeBano CM, Soslowsky LJ. Rotator cuff defect healing: a biomechanical and histologic analysis in an animal model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1998;7:599-605.
12. Gupta R, Lee TQ. Contributions of the different rabbit models to our understanding of rotator cuff pathology. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery;16:S149-S57.
13. Rowshan K, Hadley S, Pham K, Caiozzo V, Lee TQ, Gupta R. Development of Fatty Atrophy After Neurologic and Rotator Cuff Injuries in an Animal Model of Rotator Cuff Pathology. J Bone Joint Surg Am;92:2270-8.
14. Gerber C, Meyer DC, Schneeberger AG, Hoppeler H, von Rechenberg B. Effect of tendon release and delayed repair on the structure of the muscles of the rotator cuff: an experimental study in sheep. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004; 86-A:1973-82.
15. Gerber C, Schneeberger AG, Perren SM, Nyffeler RW. Experimental rotator cuff repair. A preliminary study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999;81:1281-90.
16. Aoki M, Uchiyama E, Ohtera K, Ishii S, Ohtani S, Yamakoshi K. Restoration of tensile properties at tendon insertion to bone by a patellar tendon-tibia autograft: an experimental study with canine infraspinatus. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1999;8:628-33.
17. Derwin KA, Codsi MJ, Milks RA, Baker AR, McCarron JA, Iannotti JP. Rotator cuff repair augmentation in a canine model with use of a woven poly-L-lactide device. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91:1159-71.
18. Sonnabend DH, Howlett CR, Young AA. Histological evaluation of repair of the rotator cuff in a primate model. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2010;92:586-94.
19. Yukata K, Matsui Y, Shukunami C, et al. Differential expression of Tenomodulin and Chondromodulin-1 at the insertion site of the tendon reflects a phenotypic transitionof the resident cells. Tissue and Cell 2010;42:116-20.
20. Wopenka B, Kent A, Pasteris JD, Yoon Y, Thomopoulos S. The tendon-to-bone transition of the rotator cuff: a preliminary Raman spectroscopic study documenting the gradual mineralization across the insertion in rat tissue samples. Appl Spectrosc 2008;62:1285-94.
21. Thomopoulos S, Williams GR, Gimbel JA, Favata M, Soslowsky LJ. Variation of biomechanical, structural, and compositional properties along the tendon to bone insertion site. J Orthop Res 2003;21:413-9.
22. Tillander B, Franzen LE, Karlsson MH, Norlin R. Effect of steroid injections on the rotator cuff: an experimental study in rats. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1999;8:271-4.
23. Akpinar S, Hersekli M, Demirors H, Tandogan R, Kayaselcuk F. Effects of methylprednisolone and betamethasone injections on the rotator cuff: An experimental study in rats. Advances in Therapy 2002;19:194-201.
24. Mikolyzk DK, Wei AS, Tonino P, et al. Effect of corticosteroids on the biomechanical strength of rat rotator cuff tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91:1172-80.
25. Wei AS, Callaci JJ, Juknelis D, et al. The effect of corticosteroid on collagen expression in injured rotator cuff tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88:1331-8.
26. Cadet ER, Vorys GC, Rahman R, et al. mproving bone density at the rotator cuff footprint increases supraspinatus tendon failure stress in a rat model. J Orthop Res;28:308-14.
27. Schneeberger AG, Nyffeler RW, Gerber C. Structural changes of the rotator cuff caused by experimental subacromial impingement in the rat. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1998;7:375-80.
28. Soslowsky LJ, Thomopoulos S, Tun S, et al. Neer award 1999 Overuse activity injures the supraspinatus tendon in an animal model: A histologic and biomechanical study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery;9:79-84.
29. Perry SM, McIlhenny SE, Hoffman MC, Soslowsky LJ. Inflammatory and angiogenic mRNA levels are altered in a supraspinatus tendon overuse animal model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2005;14:79S-83S.
30. Archambault JM, Jelinsky SA, Lake SP, Hill AA, Glaser DL, Soslowsky LJ. Rat supraspinatus tendon expresses cartilage markers with overuse. J Orthop Res 2007; 25:617-24.
31. Millar NL, Wei AQ, Molloy TJ, Bonar F, Murrell GA. Heat shock protein and apoptosis in supraspinatus tendinopathy. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008;466:1569-76
32. Millar NL, Wei AQ, Molloy TJ, Bonar F, Murrell GA. Cytokines and apoptosis in supraspinatus tendinopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2009;91:417-24.
33. Soslowsky LJ, Thomopoulos S, Esmail A, et al. Rotator Cuff Tendinosis in an Animal Model: Role of Extrinsic and Overuse Factors. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 2002;30:1057-63.
34. Peltz CD, Perry SM, Getz CL, Soslowsky LJ. Mechanical properties of the long-head of the biceps tendon are altered in the presence of rotator cuff tears in a rat model. J Orthop Res 2009;27:416-20.
35. Peltz CD, Hsu JE, Zgonis MH, Trasolini NA, Glaser DL, Soslowsky LJ. The effect of altered loading following rotator cuff tears in a rat model on the regional mechanical properties of the long head of the biceps tendon. J Biomech 2010;43:2904-7.
36. Gimbel JA, Van Kleunen JP, Mehta S, Perry SM, Williams GR, Soslowsky LJ. Supraspinatus tendon organizational and mechanical properties in a chronic rotator cuff tear animal model. J Biomech 2004;37:739-49.
37. Dourte LM, Perry SM, Getz CL, Soslowsky LJ. Tendon properties remain altered in a chronic rat rotator cuff model. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010;468:1485-92.
38. Yokota A, Gimbel JA, Williams GR, Soslowsky LJ. Supraspinatus tendon composition remains altered long after tendon detachment. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2005; 14:72S-8S.
39. Coleman SH, Fealy S, Ehteshami JR, et al. Chronic rotator cuff injury and repair model in sheep. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85-A:2391-402.
40. Koshima H, Kondo S, Mishima S, et al. Expression of interleukin- 1β, cyclooxygenase-2, and prostaglandin E2 in a rotator cuff tear in rabbits. In: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company; 2007:92-7.
41. Thornton GM, Shao X, Chung M, et al. Changes in mechanical loading lead to tendonspecific alterations in MMP and TIMP expression: influence of stress deprivation and intermittent cyclic hydrostatic compression on rat supraspinatus and Achilles tendons. Br J Sports Med 2010;44:698-703.
42. Perry SM, Getz CL, Soslowsky LJ. Alterations in function after rotator cuff tears in an animal model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2009;18:296-304.
43. Barton ER, Gimbel JA, Williams GR, Soslowsky LJ. Rat supraspinatus muscle atrophy after tendon detachment. J Orthop Res 2005;23:259-65.
44. Gerber C, Meyer DC, Frey E, et al. Neer Award 2007: Reversion of structural muscle changes caused by chronic rotator cuff tears using continuous musculotendinous traction. An experimental study in sheep. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2009;18:163-71.
45. Fabis J, Kordek P, Bogucki A, Synder M, Kolczynska H. Function of the rabbit supraspinatus muscle after detachment of its tendon from the greater tubercle. Observations up to 6 months. Acta Orthop Scand 1998;69:570-4.
46. Fabis J, Kordek P, Bogucki A, Mazanowska-Gajdowicz J. Function of the rabbit supraspinatus muscle after large detachment of its tendon: 6-week, 3-month, and 6-month observation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2000;9:211-6.
47. Ward SR, Sarver JJ, Eng CM, et al. Plasticity of Muscle Architecture After Supraspinatus Tears. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40:729-35.
48. Meyer DC, Hoppeler H, von Rechenberg B, Gerber A pathomechanical concept explains muscle loss and fatty muscular changes following surgical tendon release. /titleJ Orthop Res 2004;22:1004-7.
49. Frey E, Regenfelder F, Sussmann P, et al. Adipogenic and Myogenic Gene Expression in Rotator Cuff Muscle of the Sheep after Tendon Tear. journal of Orthopaedic Research 2009;27:504-9.
50. Uhthoff HK, Matsumoto F, Trudel G, Himori K. Early reattachment does not reverse atrophy and fat accumulation of the supraspinatus-an experimental study in rabbits. In: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company; 2003:386-92.
51. Liu X, Manzano G, Kim HT, Feeley BT. A rat model of massive rotator cuff tears. J Orthop Res 2011;29(4):588-95.
52. Rubino LJ, Stills Jr HF, Sprott DC, Crosby LA. Fatty Infiltration of the Torn Rotator Cuff Worsens Over Time in a Rabbit Model. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic& Related Surgery 2007;23:717-22.
53. Trudel G, Ryan SE, Rakhra K, Uhthoff HK. Extra- and Intramuscular Fat Accumulation Early after Rabbit Supraspinatus Tendon Division: Depiction with CT 1. Radiology 2010;255:434-41.
54. Rubino LJ, Sprott DC, Stills Jr HF, Crosby LA. Fatty Infiltration Does Not Progress After Rotator Cuff Repair in a Rabbit Model. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2008;24:936-40.
55. Gimbel JA, Mehta S, Van Kleunen JP, Williams GR, Soslowsky LJ. The tension required at repair to reappose the supraspinatus tendon to bone rapidly increases after injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2004;258-65.
56. Matano T, Tamai K, Kurokawa T. Adaptation of skeletal muscle in limb lengthening: a light diffraction study on the sarcomere length in situ. J Orthop Res 1994;12:193-6.
57. Stauber WT, Miller GR, Grimmett JG, Knack KK. Adaptation of rat soleus muscles to 4 wk of intermittent strain. J Appl Physiol 1994;77:58-62.
58. Yamashita T, Minaki Y, Takebayashi T, Sakamoto N, Ishii S. Neural response of mechanoreceptors to acute inflammation in the rotator cuff of the shoulder joint in rabbits. Acta Orthop Scand 1999;70:137-40.
59. Minaki Y, Yamashita T, Takebayashi T, Ishii S. Mechanosensitive afferent units in the shoulder and adjacenttissues. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1999;349-56.
60. Trudel G, Ramachandran N, Ryan SE, Rakhra K, Uhthoff HK. Supraspinatus tendon repair into a bony trough in the rabbit: Mechanical restoration and correlative imaging. In: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company: 710-5.
61. Koike Y, Trudel G, Uhthoff HK. Formation of a new enthesis after attachment of the supraspinatus tendon: A quantitative histologic study in rabbits. J Orthop Res 2005;23:1433-40.
62. Koike Y, Trudel G, Curran D, Uhthoff HK. Delay of supraspinatus repair by up to 12 weeks does not impair enthesis formation: a quantitative histologic study in rabbits. J Orthop Res 2006;24:202-10.
63. Uhthoff HK, Sano H, Trudel G, Ishii H. Early reactions after reimplantation of the tendon of supraspinatus into bone. A study in rabbits. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2000; 82:1072-6.
64. Hirose K, Kondo S, Choi HR, Mishima S, Iwata H, Ishiguro N. Spontaneous healing process of a supraspinatus tendon tear in rabbits. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2004; 124:374-7.
65. Thomopoulos S, Hattersley G, Rosen V, et al. The localized expression of extracellular matrix components in healing tendon insertion sites: an in situ hybridization study. In: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company; 2002:454-63.
66. Galatz LM, Sandell LJ, Rothermich SY, et al. Characteristics of the rat supraspinatus tendon during tendon-tobone healing after acute injury. J Orthop Res 2006; 24:541-50.
67. Wurgler-Hauri CC, Dourte LM, Baradet TC, Williams GR, Soslowsky LJ. Temporal expression of 8 growth factors in tendon-to-bone healing in a rat supraspinatus model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2007;16:S198-203.
68. Kobayashi M, Itoi E, Minagawa H, et al. Expression of growth factors in the early phase of supraspinatus tendon healing in rabbits. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2006;15:371-7.
69. Choi H-R, Kondo S, Hirose K, Ishiguro N, Hasegawa Y, Iwata H. Expression and enzymatic activity of MMP-2 during healing process of the acute supraspinatus tendon tear in rabbits. In: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company; 2002:927-33.
70. Jelinsky SA, Lake SP, Archambault JM, Soslowsky LJ. Gene expression in rat supraspinatus tendon recovers from overuse with rest. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008; 466:1612-7.
71. Thomopoulos S, Williams GR, Soslowsky LJ. Tendon to bone healing: differences in biomechanical, structural, and compositional properties due to a range of activity levels. J Biomech Eng 2003;125:106-13.
72. Gimbel JA, Van Kleunen JP, Williams GR, Thomopoulos S, Soslowsky LJ. Long durations of immobilization in the rat result in enhanced mechanical properties of the healing supraspinatus tendon insertion site. J Biomech Eng 2007;129:400-4.
73. Lewis CW, Schlegel TF, Hawkins RJ, James SP, Turner AS. The effect of immobilization on rotator cuff healing using modified Mason-Allen stitches: a biomechanical study in sheep. Biomed Sci Instrum 2001;37:263-8.
74. Sarver JJ, Peltz CD, Dourte L, Reddy S, Williams GR, Soslowsky LJ. After rotator cuff repair, stiffness-but not the loss in range of motion-increased transiently for immobilized shoulders in a rat model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2008;17:108S-13S.
75. Peltz CD, Sarver JJ, Dourte LM, Wurgler-Hauri CC, Williams GR, Soslowsky LJ. Exercise following a short immobilization period is detrimental to tendon properties and joint mechanics in a rat rotator cuff injury model. J Orthop Res;28:841-5.
76. Galatz LM, Charlton N, Das R, Kim HM, Havlioglu N, Thomopoulos S. Complete removal of load is detrimental to rotator cuff healing. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2009; 18:669-75.
77. Lewis CW, Schlegel TF, Hawkins RJ, James SP, Turner AS. Comparison of tunnel suture and suture anchor methods as a function of time in a sheep model. Biomed Sci Instrum 1999;35:403-8.
78. Klinger HM, Buchhorn GH, Heidrich G, Kahl E, Baums MH. Biomechanical evaluation of rotator cuff repairs in a sheep model: suture anchors using arthroscopic Mason- Allen stitches compared with transosseous sutures using traditional modified Mason-Allen stitches. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2008;23:291-8.
79. Schlegel TF, Hawkins RJ, Lewis CW, Turner AS. An in vivo comparison of the modified Mason-Allen suture technique versus an inclined horizontal mattress suture technique with regard to tendon-to-bone healing: a biomechanical and histologic study in sheep. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2007;16:115-21.
80. Klinger HM, Koelling S, Baums MH, et al. Cell biological and biomechanical evaluation of two different fixation techniques for rotator cuff repair. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009;19:329-37.
81. Ozbaydar M, Elhassan B, Esenyel C, et al. A comparison of single-versus double-row suture anchor techniques in a simulated repair of the rotator cuff: an experimental study in rabbits. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2008;90-B:1386-91.
82. Gimbel JA, Van Kleunen JP, Lake SP, Williams GR, Soslowsky LJ. The role of repair tension on tendon to bone healing in an animal model of chronic rotator cuff tears. J Biomech 2007;40:561-8.
83. Davidson PA, Rivenburgh DW. Rotator cuff repair tension as a determinant of functional outcome. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2000;9:502-6.
84. Sano H, Kumagai J, Sawai T. Experimental fascial autografting for the supraspinatus tendon defect: Remodeling process of the grafted fascia and the insertion into bone. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2002;11:166-73.
85. Sener M, Altay MA, Baki C, Turhan AU, Cobanoglu U. The comparison of patellar tendon-bone autografting and free flexor-tendon autografting in infraspinatus defect of the shoulder: biomechanical and histological evaluation in a sheep model. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2004;12:235-40.
86. Adams JE, Zobitz ME, Reach JS, Jr., An KN, Steinmann SP. Rotator cuff repair using an acellular dermal matrix graft: an in vivo study in a canine model. Arthroscopy 2006;22:700-9.
87. Nicholson GP, Breur GJ, Van Sickle D, Yao JQ, Kim J, Blanchard CR. Evaluation of a cross-linked acellular porcine dermal patch for rotator cuff repair augmentation in an ovine model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2007;16:S184-90.
88. Chang C-H, Chen C-H, Su C-Y, Liu H-T, Yu C-M. Rotator cuff repair with periosteum for enhancing tendon- bone healing: a biomechanical and histological study in rabbits. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 2009;17:1447-53.
89. Zheng MH, Chen J, Kirilak Y, Willers C, Xu J, Wood D. Porcine small intestine submucosa (SIS) is not an acellular collagenous matrix and contains porcine DNA: possible implications in human implantation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2005;73:61-7.
90. Schlegel TF, Hawkins RJ, Lewis CW, Motta T, Turner AS. The effects of augmentation with Swine small intestine submucosa on tendon healing under tension: histologic and mechanical evaluations in sheep. Am J Sports Med 2006;34:275-80.
91. Zalavras CG, Gardocki R, Huang E, Stevanovic M, Hedman T, Tibone J. Reconstruction of large rotator cuff tendon defects with porcine small intestinal submucosa in an animal model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2006;15:224-31.
92. Perry SM, Gupta RR, Van Kleunen J, Ramsey ML, Soslowsky LJ, Glaser DL. Use of small intestine submucosa in a rat model of acute and chronic rotator cuff tear. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2007;16:S179-83.
93. Dejardin LM, Arnoczky SP, Ewers BJ, Haut RC, Clarke RB. Tissue-engineered rotator cuff tendon using porcine small intestine submucosa. Histologic and mechanical evaluation in dogs. Am J Sports Med 2001;29:175-84.
94. Kimura A, Aoki M, Fukushima S, Ishii S, Yamakoshi K. Reconstruction of a defect of the rotator cuff with polytetrafluoroethylene felt graft. Recovery of tensile strength and histocompatibility in an animal model. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2003;85:282-7.
95. Aoki M, Miyamoto S, Okamura K, Yamashita T, Ikada Y, Matsuda S. Tensile properties and biological response of poly(L-lactic acid) felt graft: an experimental trial for rotator- cuff reconstruction. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2004;71:252-9.
96. Funakoshi T, Majima T, Suenaga N, Iwasaki N, Yamane S, Minami A. Rotator cuff regeneration using chitin fabric as an acellular matrix. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2006; 15:112-8.
97. Yokoya S, Mochizuki Y, Nagata Y, Deie M, Ochi M. Tendon- Bone Insertion Repair and Regeneration Using Polyglycolic Acid Sheet in the Rabbit Rotator Cuff Injury Model. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2008; 36:1298-309.
98. Cole BJ, Gomoll AH, Yanke A, et al. Biocompatibility of a polymer patch for rotator cuff repair. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2007;15:632-7.
99. Santoni BG, McGilvray KC, Lyons AS, et al. Biomechanical analysis of an ovine rotator cuff repair via porous patch augmentation in a chronic rupture model. Am J Sports Med;38:679-86.
100. Funakoshi T, Majima T, Iwasaki N, et al. Application of tissue engineering techniques for rotator cuff regeneration using a chitosan-based hyaluronan hybrid fiber scaffold. Am J Sports Med 2005;33:1193-201.
101. Chen JM, Willers C, Xu J, Wang A, Zheng MH. Autologous tenocyte therapy using porcine-derived bioscaffolds for massive rotator cuff defect in rabbits. Tissue Eng 2007;13:1479-91.
102. Gulotta LV, Kovacevic D, Ehteshami JR, Dagher E, Packer JD, Rodeo SA. Application of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a rotator cuff repair model. Am J Sports Med 2009;37:2126-33.
103. Gulotta LV, Kovacevic D, Montgomery S, Ehteshami JR, Packer JD, Rodeo SA. Stem cells genetically modified with the developmental gene MT1-MMP improve regeneration of the supraspinatus tendon-to-bone insertion site. Am J Sports Med;38:1429-37.
104. Bedi A, Kovacevic D, Hettrich C, et al. The effect of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition on tendon-to-bone healing in a rotator cuff repair model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2010;19:384-91.
105. Gulotta LV, Kovacevic D, Packer JD, Ehteshami JR, Rodeo SA. Adenoviral-Mediated Gene Transfer of Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-13 Does Not Improve Rotator Cuff Healing in a Rat Model. Am J Sports Med 2010;19:384-91.
106. Ide J, Kikukawa K, Hirose J, Iyama K, Sakamoto H, Mizuta H. The effects of fibroblast growth factor-2 on rotator cuff reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix grafts. Arthroscopy 2009;25:608-16.
107. Uggen C, Dines J, McGarry M, Grande D, Lee T, Limpisvasti O. The effect of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor BB-coated sutures on rotator cuff healing in a sheep model. Arthroscopy 2010;26:1456-62.
108. Rodeo SA, Potter HG, Kawamura S, Turner AS, Kim HJ, Atkinson BL. Biologic augmentation of rotator cuff tendon- healing with use of a mixture of osteoinductive growth factors. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2007;89:2485-97.
109. Seeherman HJ, Archambault JM, Rodeo SA, et al. rhBMP-12 accelerates healing of rotator cuff repairs in a sheep model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008;90:2206-19.
110. Inoue N, Ikeda K, Aro HT, Frassica FJ, Sim FH, Chao EY. Biologic tendon fixation to metallic implant augmented with autogenous cancellous bone graft and bone marrow in a canine model. J Orthop Res 2002;20:957-66.
111. Cohen DB, Kawamura S, Ehteshami JR, Rodeo SA. Indomethacin and celecoxib impair rotator cuff tendon-tobone healing. Am J Sports Med 2006;34:362-9.
112. Papaspiliopoulos A, Papaparaskeva K, Papadopoulou E, Feroussis J, Papalois A, Zoubos A. The Effect of Local Use of Nandrolone Decanoate on Rotator Cuff Repair in Rabbits. Journal of Investigative Surgery;23:204-7.
113. Lin JL, Carreira D, Ponnappan R, Volz B, Cole BJ. Use of bipolar radiofrequency energy in delayed repair of acute supraspinatus tears in rats. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2007;16:640-8.
114. Bedi A, Fox AJ, Harris PE, et al. Diabetes mellitus impairs tendon-bone healing after rotator cuff repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2010;19:978-88.
115. Avery NC, Bailey AJ. The effects of the Maillard reaction on the physical properties and cell interactions of collagen. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2006;54:387-95.
116. Ishibashi T, Kawaguchi M, Sugimoto K, et al. Advanced glycation end product-mediated matrix metallo-proteinase- 9 and apoptosis via renin-angiotensin system in type 2 diabetes. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010;17:578-89.
117. Tang SC, Chan LY, Leung JC, et al. Differential effects of advanced glycation end-products on renal tubular cell inflammation. Nephrology (Carlton) 2011;16(4):417-25.
118. Ichinose R, Sano H, Kishimoto KN, Sakamoto N, Sato M, Itoi E. Alteration of the material properties of the normal supraspinatus tendon by nicotine treatment in a rat model. Acta Orthop 2010;81:634-8.
119. Galatz LM, Silva MJ, Rothermich SY, Zaegel MA, Havlioglu N, Thomopoulos S. Nicotine delays tendon-to-bone healing in a rat shoulder model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88:2027-34.
120. Soslowsky LJ, Thomopoulos S, Tun S, et al. Neer Award 1999. Overuse activity injures the supraspinatus tendon in an animal model: a histologic and biomechanical study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2000;9:79-84.