Resolvability of components in complex tones and implications for theories of pitch perception

Hearing Research

Volumn 276, Issue 1-2, 2011, Pages 88-97

  Moore, Brian C J ^a   Gockel, Hedwig E ^b  

^a UK   (United Kingdom)

^b MRC COGNITION AND BRAIN SCIENCES UNIT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION; AUDITORY MASKING; AUDITORY THRESHOLD; HEARING; HEARING ACUITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOUND DETECTION; SOUND INTENSITY; SOUND TRANSMISSION;

AUDITORY THRESHOLD; HUMANS; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PERCEPTUAL MASKING; PITCH PERCEPTION;

EID: 79957947580     PISSN: 03785955     EISSN: 18785891     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2011.01.003     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. Baker R.J., Rosen S. Auditory filter nonlinearity across frequency using simultaneous notched-noise masking. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2006, 119:454-462.
2. Bernstein J.G., Oxenham A.J. Pitch discrimination of diotic and dichotic tone complexes: harmonic resolvability or harmonic number?. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2003, 113:3323-3334.
3. Bernstein J.G., Oxenham A.J. An autocorrelation model with place dependence to account for the effect of harmonic number on fundamental frequency discrimination. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2005, 117:3816-3831.
4. Bernstein J.G., Oxenham A.J. The relationship between frequency selectivity and pitch discrimination: effects of stimulus level. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2006, 120:3916-3928.
5. Bernstein J.G., Oxenham A.J. Harmonic segregation through mistuning can improve fundamental frequency discrimination. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2008, 124:1653-1667.
6. Burns E.M., Viemeister N.F. Nonspectral pitch. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1976, 60:863-869.
7. Burns E.M., Viemeister N.F. Played again SAM: further observations on the pitch of amplitude-modulated noise. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1981, 70:1655-1660.
8. Buunen T.J.F., Festen J.M., Bilsen F.A., van den Brink G. Phase effects in a three-component signal. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1974, 55:297-303.
9. Buus S., Florentine M. Sensitivity to excitation-level differences within a fixed number of channels as a function of level and frequency. Advances in Hearing Research 1995, 401-412. World Scientific, Singapore. G.A. Manley, G.M. Klump, C. Köppl, H. Fastl, H. Oekinghaus (Eds.).
10. Cariani P.A., Delgutte B. Neural correlates of the pitch of complex tones. I. Pitch and pitch salience. J. Neurophysiol. 1996, 76:1698-1716.
11. Cariani P.A., Delgutte B. Neural correlates of the pitch of complex tones. II. Pitch shift, pitch ambiguity, phase invariance, pitch circularity, rate pitch and the dominance region for pitch. J. Neurophysiol. 1996, 76:1717-1734.
12. Carlyon R.P., Shackleton T.M. Comparing the fundamental frequencies of resolved and unresolved harmonics: evidence for two pitch mechanisms?. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1994, 95:3541-3554.
13. Cousineau M., Demany L., Pressnitzer D. What makes a melody: the perceptual singularity of pitch sequences. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2009, 126:3179-3187.
14. Cousineau M., Demany L., Pressnitzer D. The role of peripheral resolvability in pitch-sequence processing. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2010, 128:EL236-EL241.
15. de Boer E. Pitch of inharmonic signals. Nature 1956, 178:535-536.
16. de Cheveigné A., Pressnitzer D. The case of the missing delay lines: synthetic delays obtained by cross-channel phase interaction. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2006, 119:3908-3918.
17. Demany L., Ramos C. On the binding of successive sounds: perceiving shifts in nonperceived pitches. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2005, 117:833-841.
18. Demany L., Pressnitzer D., Semal C. Tuning properties of the auditory frequency-shift detectors. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2009, 126:1342-1348.
19. Demany L., Semal C., Cazalets J.R., Pressnitzer D. Fundamental differences in change detection between vision and audition. Exp. Brain Res. 2010, 203:261-270.
20. Demany, L., Semal, C., Pressnitzer, D. Implicit versus explicit frequency comparisons: Two mechanisms of auditory change detection. J. Exp. Psychol., Human Percept. Perf., in press.
21. Glasberg B.R., Moore B.C.J. Derivation of auditory filter shapes from notched-noise data. Hear. Res. 1990, 47:103-138.
22. Glasberg B.R., Moore B.C.J., Nimmo-Smith I. Comparison of auditory filter shapes derived with three different maskers. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1984, 75:536-544.
23. Gockel H., Moore B.C.J., Carlyon R.P., Plack C.J. Effect of duration on the frequency discrimination of individual partials in a complex tone and on the discrimination of fundamental frequency. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2007, 121:373-382.
24. Goldstein J.L. An optimum processor theory for the central formation of the pitch of complex tones. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1973, 54:1496-1516.
25. Green D.M., Onsan Z.A., Forrest T.G. Frequency effects in profile analysis and detecting complex spectral changes. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1987, 81:692-699.
26. Hartmann W.M., Doty S.L. On the pitches of the components of a complex tone. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1996, 99:567-578.
27. Hartmann W.M., Goupell M.J. Enhancing and unmasking the harmonics of a complex tone. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2006, 120:2142-2157.
28. Hartmann W.M., McAdams S., Smith B.K. Hearing a mistuned harmonic in an otherwise periodic complex tone. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1990, 88:1712-1724.
29. Helmholtz H.L.F. Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen als physiologische Grundlage für die Theorie der Musik (On the Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music) 1863, F. Vieweg, Braunschweig.
30. Hoekstra A., Ritsma R.J. Perceptive hearing loss and frequency selectivity. Psychophysics and Physiology of Hearing 1977, 263-271. Academic, London, England. E.F. Evans, J.P. Wilson (Eds.).
31. Hopkins K., Moore B.C.J. Moderate cochlear hearing loss leads to a reduced ability to use temporal fine structure information. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2007, 122:1055-1068.
32. Houtgast T. Psychophysical evidence for lateral inhibition in hearing. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1972, 51:1885-1894.
33. Houtgast, T. 1974. Lateral suppression in hearing, Free University of Amsterdam, Ph.D. Thesis.
34. Houtgast T. Auditory-filter characteristics derived from direct-masking data and pulsation-threshold data with a rippled-noise masker. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1977, 62:409-415.
35. Houtsma A.J.M., Smurzynski J. Pitch identification and discrimination for complex tones with many harmonics. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1990, 87:304-310.
36. Ives D.T., Patterson R.D. Pitch strength decreases as F0 and harmonic resolution increase in complex tones composed exclusively of high harmonics. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2008, 123:2670-2679.
37. Javel E. Coding of AM tones in the chinchilla auditory nerve: implications for the pitch of complex tones. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1980, 68:133-146.
38. Johnson D.H. The relationship between spike rate and synchrony in responses of auditory-nerve fibers to single tones. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1980, 68:1115-1122.
39. Jurado C., Moore B.C.J. Frequency selectivity for frequencies below 100 Hz: comparisons with mid-frequencies. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2010, 128:3585-3596.
40. Kaernbach C., Bering C. Exploring the temporal mechanism involved in the pitch of unresolved harmonics. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2001, 110:1039-1048.
41. Licklider J.C.R. A duplex theory of pitch perception. Experientia 1951, 7:128-133.
42. Meddis R., O'Mard L. A unitary model of pitch perception. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1997, 102:1811-1820.
43. Meddis R., Hewitt M. Virtual pitch and phase sensitivity of a computer model of the auditory periphery. I: pitch identification. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1991, 89:2866-2882.
44. Micheyl C., Oxenham A.J. Pitch, harmonicity and concurrent sound segregation: psychoacoustical and neurophysiological findings. Hear. Res. 2010, 266:36-51.
45. Moore B.C.J. Effects of relative phase of the components on the pitch of three-component complex tones. Psychophysics and Physiology of Hearing 1977, 349-358. Academic Press, London. E.F. Evans, J.P. Wilson (Eds.).
46. Moore B.C.J. Psychophysical tuning curves measured in simultaneous and forward masking. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1978, 63:524-532.
47. Moore B.C.J. Neural interspike intervals and pitch. Audiol 1980, 19:363-365.
48. Moore B.C.J. An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing 1982, Academic Press, London. second ed.
49. Moore B.C.J. Parallels between frequency selectivity measured psychophysically and in cochlear mechanics. Scand. Audiol. Suppl. 1986, 25:139-152.
50. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R. Auditory filter shapes derived in simultaneous and forward masking. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1981, 70:1003-1014.
51. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R. Forward masking patterns for harmonic complex tones. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1983, 73:1682-1685.
52. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R. Masking patterns of synthetic vowels in simultaneous and forward masking. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1983, 73:906-917.
53. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R. Suggested formulae for calculating auditory-filter bandwidths and excitation patterns. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1983, 74:750-753.
54. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R. Formulae describing frequency selectivity as a function of frequency and level and their use in calculating excitation patterns. Hear. Res. 1987, 28:209-225.
55. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R. Effects of the relative phase of the components on the pitch discrimination of complex tones by subjects with unilateral cochlear impairments. Basic Issues in Hearing 1988, 421-430. Academic Press, London. H. Duifhuis, H. Wit, J. Horst (Eds.).
56. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R. The role of temporal fine structure in harmonic segregation through mistuning. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2010, 127:5-8.
57. Moore B.C.J., Moore G.A. Discrimination of the fundamental frequency of complex tones with fixed and shifting spectral envelopes by normally hearing and hearing-impaired subjects. Hear. Res. 2003, 182:153-163.
58. Moore G.A., Moore B.C.J. Perception of the low pitch of frequency-shifted complexes. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2003, 113:977-985.
59. Moore B.C.J., Ohgushi K. Audibility of partials in inharmonic complex tones. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1993, 93:452-461.
60. Moore B.C.J., Peters R.W. Pitch discrimination and phase sensitivity in young and elderly subjects and its relationship to frequency selectivity. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1992, 91:2881-2893.
61. Moore B.C.J., Rosen S.M. Tune recognition with reduced pitch and interval information. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 1979, 31:229-240.
62. Moore B.C.J., Sek A. Effects of carrier frequency and background noise on the detection of mixed modulation. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1994, 96:741-751.
63. Moore B.C.J., Sek A. Auditory filtering and the critical bandwidth at low frequencies. Advances in Hearing Research 1995, 425-436. World Scientific, Singapore. G.A. Manley, G.M. Klump, C. Köppl, H. Fastl, H. Oeckinghaus (Eds.).
64. Moore B.C.J., Sek A. Development of a fast method for determining sensitivity to temporal fine structure. Int. J. Audiol. 2009, 48:161-171.
65. Moore B.C.J., Sek A. Sensitivity of the human auditory system to temporal fine structure at high frequencies. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2009, 125:3186-3193.
66. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R., Roberts B. Refining the measurement of psychophysical tuning curves. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1984, 76:1057-1066.
67. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R., Shailer M.J. Frequency and intensity difference limens for harmonics within complex tones. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1984, 75:550-561.
68. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R., Peters R.W. Relative dominance of individual partials in determining the pitch of complex tones. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1985, 77:1853-1860.
69. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R., Peters R.W. Thresholds for hearing mistuned partials as separate tones in harmonic complexes. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1986, 80:479-483.
70. Moore B.C.J., Oldfield S.R., Dooley G. Detection and discrimination of spectral peaks and notches at 1 and 8 kHz. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1989, 85:820-836.
71. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R., Baer T. A model for the prediction of thresholds, loudness and partial loudness. J. Audio Eng. Soc. 1997, 45:224-240.
72. Moore B.C.J., Huss M., Vickers D.A., Glasberg B.R., Alcántara J.I. A test for the diagnosis of dead regions in the cochlea. Br. J. Audiol. 2000, 34:205-224.
73. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R., Flanagan H.J., Adams J. Frequency discrimination of complex tones; assessing the role of component resolvability and temporal fine structure. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2006, 119:480-490.
74. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R., Low K.-E., Cope T., Cope W. Effects of level and frequency on the audibility of partials in inharmonic complex tones. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2006, 120:934-944.
75. Moore B.C.J., Glasberg B.R., Jepsen M.L. Effects of pulsing of the target tone on the audibility of partials in inharmonic complex tones. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2009, 125:3194-3204.
76. Moore B.C.J., Hopkins K., Cuthbertson S.J. Discrimination of complex tones with unresolved components using temporal fine structure information. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2009, 125:3214-3222.
77. Ohm G.S. Über die Definition des Tones, nebst daran geknüpfter Theorie der Sirene und ähnlicher tonbildender Vorrichtungen. Annalen der Physik Chem. 1843, 59:513-565.
78. O'Loughlin B.J., Moore B.C.J. Improving psychoacoustical tuning curves. Hear. Res. 1981, 5:343-346.
79. Oxenham A.J., Shera C.A. Estimates of human cochlear tuning at low levels using forward and simultaneous masking. J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. 2003, 4:541-554.
80. Oxenham A.J., Simonson A.M. Level dependence of auditory filters in nonsimultaneous masking as a function of frequency. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2006, 119:444-453.
81. Oxenham A.J., Micheyl C., Keebler M.V. Can temporal fine structure represent the fundamental frequency of unresolved harmonics?. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2009, 125:2189-2199.
82. Palmer A.R., Russell I.J. Phase-locking in the cochlear nerve of the guinea-pig and its relation to the receptor potential of inner hair-cells. Hear. Res. 1986, 24:1-15.
83. Patterson R.D. Auditory filter shapes derived with noise stimuli. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1976, 59:640-654.
84. Patterson R.D. A pulse ribbon model of monaural phase perception. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1987, 82:1560-1586.
85. Patterson R.D. Timbre cues in monaural phase perception: distinguishing within-channel cues and between-channel cues. Basic Issues in Hearing 1988, Academic, London, pp 351-358. H. Duifhuis, J.W. Horst, H.P. Wit (Eds.).
86. Plomp R. The ear as a frequency analyzer. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1964, 36:1628-1636.
87. Plomp R., Mimpen A.M. The ear as a frequency analyzer II. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1968, 43:764-767.
88. Robles L., Ruggero M.A. Mechanics of the mammalian cochlea. Physiol. Rev. 2001, 81:1305-1352.
89. Schorer E. Critical modulation frequency based on detection of AM versus FM tones. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1986, 79:1054-1057.
90. Schouten J.F. The residue and the mechanism of hearing. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetenschap. 1940, 43:991-999.
91. Schouten J.F., Ritsma R.J., Cardozo B.L. Pitch of the residue. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1962, 34:1418-1424.
92. Sek A. Modulation thresholds and critical modulation frequency based on random amplitude and frequency changes. J. Acoust. Soc. Jpn. (E) 1994, 15:67-75.
93. Sek A., Moore B.C.J. The critical modulation frequency and its relationship to auditory filtering at low frequencies. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1994, 95:2606-2615.
94. Shackleton T.M., Carlyon R.P. The role of resolved and unresolved harmonics in pitch perception and frequency modulation discrimination. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1994, 95:3529-3540.
95. Soderquist D.R. Frequency analysis and the critical band. Psychon. Sci. 1970, 21:117-119.
96. Terhardt E. Pitch, consonance, and harmony. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1974, 55:1061-1069.
97. Unoki M., Irino T., Glasberg B.R., Moore B.C.J., Patterson R.D. Comparison of the roex and gammachirp filters as representations of the auditory filter. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2006, 120:1474-1492.
98. Uppenkamp S., Fobel S., Patterson R.D. The effects of temporal asymmetry on the detection and perception of short chirps. Hear. Res. 2001, 158:71-83.
99. von Békésy G. Experiments in Hearing 1960, McGraw-Hill, New York.
100. Zhou B. Auditory filter shapes at high frequencies. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1995, 98:1935-1942.
101. Zwicker E. Die Grenzen der Hörbarkeit der Amplitudenmodulation und der Frequenzmodulation eines Tones. Acustica 1952, 2:125-133.