메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 1-2, 2011, Pages 66-93

Gender variations of physiological and psychological strain amongst police officers

Author keywords

Burnout; Gender; Justice; Police officers; Stress; Work life balance

Indexed keywords


EID: 79957889910     PISSN: 1098092X     EISSN: 19364717     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12147-011-9100-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (95)
  • 2
    • 84976919235 scopus 로고
    • Special problems of police officers: Stress-related issues and interventions
    • Alkus, S., & Padesky, C. (1983). Special problems of police officers: Stress-related issues and interventions. The Counseling Psychologist, 11, 55-64.
    • (1983) The Counseling Psychologist , vol.11 , pp. 55-64
    • Alkus, S.1    Padesky, C.2
  • 3
    • 46349099368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making rank: The lingering effects of tokenism on female police officers' promotion aspirations
    • Archibold, C. A., & Schulz, D. M. (2008). Making rank: The lingering effects of tokenism on female police officers' promotion aspirations. Police Quarterly, 11, 50-73.
    • (2008) Police Quarterly , vol.11 , pp. 50-73
    • Archibold, C.A.1    Schulz, D.M.2
  • 7
    • 0025820533 scopus 로고
    • Sources of occupational stress in the police
    • Brown, J., & Campbell, E. A. (1990). Sources of occupational stress in the police. Work & Stress, 4, 305-318.
    • (1990) Work & Stress , vol.4 , pp. 305-318
    • Brown, J.1    Campbell, E.A.2
  • 8
    • 0027892152 scopus 로고
    • Qualitative differences in men and women police officers' experiance of occupational stress
    • Brown, J., & Fielding, J. (1993). Qualitative differences in men and women police officers' experiance of occupational stress. Work & Stress, 7, 327-340.
    • (1993) Work & Stress , vol.7 , pp. 327-340
    • Brown, J.1    Fielding, J.2
  • 9
    • 0033508015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers
    • Brown, J., Fielding, J., & Grover, J. (1999). Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers. Work & Stress, 13, 312-325.
    • (1999) Work & Stress , vol.13 , pp. 312-325
    • Brown, J.1    Fielding, J.2    Grover, J.3
  • 11
    • 0000733534 scopus 로고
    • Organization for physiological homeostasis
    • Cannon, W. B. (1929). Organization for physiological homeostasis. Psysiological Review, 9, 399-431.
    • (1929) Psysiological Review , vol.9 , pp. 399-431
    • Cannon, W.B.1
  • 12
    • 0002516430 scopus 로고
    • Stresses and strains of homoeostasis
    • Cannon, W. B. (1935). Stresses and strains of homoeostasis. American Journal of Medical Science, 189(1), 13-14.
    • (1935) American Journal of Medical Science , vol.189 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-14
    • Cannon, W.B.1
  • 13
    • 0033473804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of social support in the stressor-strain relationship: An examination of work-family conflict
    • Carlson, D. S., & Perrewe, P. L. (1999). The role of social support in the stressor-strain relationship: An examination of work-family conflict. Journal of Management, 25, 513-540.
    • (1999) Journal of Management , vol.25 , pp. 513-540
    • Carlson, D.S.1    Perrewe, P.L.2
  • 14
    • 0025828562 scopus 로고
    • Life events, sense of coherence and health: Gender differences on the kibbutz
    • Carmel, S., Anson, O., Levenson, A., Bonneh, D. Y., & Moaz, B. (1991). Life events, sense of coherence and health: Gender differences on the kibbutz. Social Science and Medicine, 32, 1089-1096.
    • (1991) Social Science and Medicine , vol.32 , pp. 1089-1096
    • Carmel, S.1    Anson, O.2    Levenson, A.3    Bonneh, D.Y.4    Moaz, B.5
  • 15
    • 84936823500 scopus 로고
    • Social capital in the creation of human capital
    • Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 95-120.
    • (1988) American Journal of Sociology , vol.94 , pp. 95-120
    • Coleman, J.S.1
  • 16
    • 0034311572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research on household labor: Modeling and measuring the social embeddedness of routine family work
    • Coltrane, S. (2000). Research on household labor: Modeling and measuring the social embeddedness of routine family work. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 1208-1233.
    • (2000) Journal of Marriage and the Family , vol.62 , pp. 1208-1233
    • Coltrane, S.1
  • 17
    • 27644566407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masculine gender role stress. A perspective on men's health
    • In P. M. Kato & T. Mann (Eds.), London: Plenum Press
    • Copenhaver, M. M., & Eisler, R. M. (1996). Masculine gender role stress. A perspective on men's health. In P. M. Kato & T. Mann (Eds.), Handbook of Diversity in Health Psychology. London: Plenum Press.
    • (1996) Handbook of Diversity in Health Psychology
    • Copenhaver, M.M.1    Eisler, R.M.2
  • 18
    • 44949275338 scopus 로고
    • The production of occupational stress in medium-sized police agencies: A survey of line officers in eight municipal departments
    • Crank, J. P., & Caldero, M. (1991). The production of occupational stress in medium-sized police agencies: A survey of line officers in eight municipal departments. Journal of Criminal Justice, 19, 339-349.
    • (1991) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.19 , pp. 339-349
    • Crank, J.P.1    Caldero, M.2
  • 19
    • 84965624420 scopus 로고
    • Institutional and organizational antecedents of role stress, work alienation and anomie among police executives
    • Crank, J. P., Regoli, R., Hewitt, J. D., & Culbertson, R. G. (1995). Institutional and organizational antecedents of role stress, work alienation and anomie among police executives. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 22, 152-171.
    • (1995) Criminal Justice and Behavior , vol.22 , pp. 152-171
    • Crank, J.P.1    Regoli, R.2    Hewitt, J.D.3    Culbertson, R.G.4
  • 20
    • 0037302144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of emotional exhaustion to work attitudes, job performance and organizational citizenship behaviours
    • Cropanzano, R., Rupp, D. E., & Byrne, Z. S. (2003). The relationship of emotional exhaustion to work attitudes, job performance and organizational citizenship behaviours. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 160-169.
    • (2003) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.88 , pp. 160-169
    • Cropanzano, R.1    Rupp, D.E.2    Byrne, Z.S.3
  • 22
    • 0002660319 scopus 로고
    • Stress and the policeman
    • In C. L. Cooper & J. R. Marshall (Eds.), Chichester: Wiley
    • Davidson, M. J., & Veno, A. (1980). Stress and the policeman. In C. L. Cooper & J. R. Marshall (Eds.), White collar and professional stress. Chichester: Wiley.
    • (1980) White collar and professional stress
    • Davidson, M.J.1    Veno, A.2
  • 23
    • 84952317708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender issues
    • In J. Barling, E. K. Kelloway, & M. R. Frone (Eds.), Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc
    • Desmarais, S., & Alksnis, C. (2005). Gender issues. In J. Barling, E. K. Kelloway, & M. R. Frone (Eds.), Handbook of work stress. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc.
    • (2005) Handbook of work stress
    • Desmarais, S.1    Alksnis, C.2
  • 24
    • 0034448585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: A qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counseling service
    • Dick, P. (2000). The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: A qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counseling service. Work & Stress, 14, 226-244.
    • (2000) Work & Stress , vol.14 , pp. 226-244
    • Dick, P.1
  • 26
    • 0003912119 scopus 로고
    • Job stress and the police officer: Identifying stress reduction techniques
    • In W. H. Kroes & J. J. Hurrell (Eds.), Washington D.C.: US Government Printing Office
    • Eisenberg, T. (1976). Job stress and the police officer: Identifying stress reduction techniques. In W. H. Kroes & J. J. Hurrell (Eds.), Job stress and the police officer: Identifying stress reduction techniques. Washington D.C.: US Government Printing Office.
    • (1976) Job stress and the police officer: Identifying stress reduction techniques
    • Eisenberg, T.1
  • 27
    • 0036460163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organizational justice: Evidence of a new psychosocial predictor of health
    • Elovainio, M., Kivimäki, M., & Vahtera, J. (2002). Organizational justice: Evidence of a new psychosocial predictor of health. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 104-108.
    • (2002) American Journal of Public Health , vol.92 , pp. 104-108
    • Elovainio, M.1    Kivimäki, M.2    Vahtera, J.3
  • 28
    • 84935895107 scopus 로고
    • Rationality, morality and collective action
    • Elster, J. (1985). Rationality, morality and collective action. Ethics, 96, 136-155.
    • (1985) Ethics , vol.96 , pp. 136-155
    • Elster, J.1
  • 29
    • 0021529587 scopus 로고
    • Moderating effect of social support on the stress-burnout relationship
    • Etzion, D. (1984). Moderating effect of social support on the stress-burnout relationship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 615-622.
    • (1984) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 615-622
    • Etzion, D.1
  • 32
    • 0003918173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social capital and civil society
    • In E. Ostrom & T. K. Ahn (Eds.), Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub
    • Fukuyama, F. (2003). Social capital and civil society. In E. Ostrom & T. K. Ahn (Eds.), Foundations of social capital. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub.
    • (2003) Foundations of social capital
    • Fukuyama, F.1
  • 34
    • 79957913414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of social capital in reducing negative health outcomes among police officers
    • Gächter, M., Savage, D. A., & Torgler, B. (2010). The role of social capital in reducing negative health outcomes among police officers. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 3, 141-161.
    • (2010) International Journal of Social Inquiry , vol.3 , pp. 141-161
    • Gächter, M.1    Savage, D.A.2    Torgler, B.3
  • 35
    • 36348995105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington DC: National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice
    • Gershon, R. (1999). Project SHIELDS. Washington DC: National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice.
    • (1999) Project SHIELDS
    • Gershon, R.1
  • 37
    • 59549104167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental, physical, and behavioral outcomes associated with perceived work stress in police officers
    • Gershon, R., Barocas, B., Canton, A. N., Li, X., & Vlahov, D. (2009). Mental, physical, and behavioral outcomes associated with perceived work stress in police officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36, 275-289.
    • (2009) Criminal Justice and Behavior , vol.36 , pp. 275-289
    • Gershon, R.1    Barocas, B.2    Canton, A.N.3    Li, X.4    Vlahov, D.5
  • 38
    • 0002741164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research on work, family and gender: Current status and future direction
    • In G. N. Powell (Ed.), Thousand Oaks: Sage
    • Greenhaus, J. H., & Parasuraman, S. (1999). Research on work, family and gender: Current status and future direction. In G. N. Powell (Ed.), Handbook of gender and work. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
    • (1999) Handbook of gender and work
    • Greenhaus, J.H.1    Parasuraman, S.2
  • 39
    • 85137425609 scopus 로고
    • Social capital: The missing link?
    • In P. Dekker & E. Uslaner (Eds.), London: Routledge
    • Grootaert, C. (1986). Social capital: The missing link? In P. Dekker & E. Uslaner (Eds.), Social capital and participation in everyday life (pp. 9-29). London: Routledge.
    • (1986) Social capital and participation in everyday life , pp. 9-29
    • Grootaert, C.1
  • 40
    • 39549093785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tokenism in policing: An empirical test of Kanter's hypothesis
    • Gustafson, J. L. (2008). Tokenism in policing: An empirical test of Kanter's hypothesis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36, 1-10.
    • (2008) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.36 , pp. 1-10
    • Gustafson, J.L.1
  • 41
    • 85024031446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender, race, and strategies of coping with occupational stress in policing
    • Haarr, R. N., & Morash, M. (1999). Gender, race, and strategies of coping with occupational stress in policing. Justice Quarterly, 16, 304-332.
    • (1999) Justice Quarterly , vol.16 , pp. 304-332
    • Haarr, R.N.1    Morash, M.2
  • 42
    • 3242685296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and police stress: The convergent and divergent impact of work environment, work-family conflict, and stress coping mechanisms of female and male police officers
    • He, N., Zhao, J., & Archibold, C. A. (2002). Gender and police stress: The convergent and divergent impact of work environment, work-family conflict, and stress coping mechanisms of female and male police officers. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25, 687-708.
    • (2002) Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management , vol.25 , pp. 687-708
    • He, N.1    Zhao, J.2    Archibold, C.A.3
  • 43
    • 27944484865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do race and gender matter in police stress? A preliminary assessment of the interactive effects
    • He, N., Zhao, J., & Ren, L. (2005). Do race and gender matter in police stress? A preliminary assessment of the interactive effects. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33, 535-547.
    • (2005) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.33 , pp. 535-547
    • He, N.1    Zhao, J.2    Ren, L.3
  • 45
    • 21144466383 scopus 로고
    • An empirical study of occupational stress transmission in working couples
    • Jones, F., & Fletcher, B. C. (1993). An empirical study of occupational stress transmission in working couples. Human Relations, 40, 881-903.
    • (1993) Human Relations , vol.40 , pp. 881-903
    • Jones, F.1    Fletcher, B.C.2
  • 47
    • 33751172939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does gender moderate the effects of role stress in frontline service jobs?
    • Karatepe, O. M., Yavas, U., Babakus, E., & Avci, T. (2006). Does gender moderate the effects of role stress in frontline service jobs? Journal of Business Research, 59, 1087-1093.
    • (2006) Journal of Business Research , vol.59 , pp. 1087-1093
    • Karatepe, O.M.1    Yavas, U.2    Babakus, E.3    Avci, T.4
  • 48
    • 0029662374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of social networks in relation to total mortality and cardiovascular disease incidence in men
    • Kawachi, I., Colditz, G. A., & Ascherio, A. (1996). A prospective study of social networks in relation to total mortality and cardiovascular disease incidence in men. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 50, 245-251.
    • (1996) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , vol.50 , pp. 245-251
    • Kawachi, I.1    Colditz, G.A.2    Ascherio, A.3
  • 50
    • 0033512952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burnout, job stress and violent behavior among Dutch police officers
    • Kop, N., Euwema, M., & Schaufeli, W. (1999). Burnout, job stress and violent behavior among Dutch police officers. Work & Stress, 13, 326-340.
    • (1999) Work & Stress , vol.13 , pp. 326-340
    • Kop, N.1    Euwema, M.2    Schaufeli, W.3
  • 51
    • 0347845306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exposure to violence in South African police
    • In J. Violanti & D. Paton (Eds.), Springfield: Charles C. Thomas
    • Kopel, H., & Friedman, M. (1999). Effects of exposure to violence in South African police. In J. Violanti & D. Paton (Eds.), Police trauma: Psychological aftermath of civilian combat. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas.
    • (1999) Police trauma: Psychological aftermath of civilian combat
    • Kopel, H.1    Friedman, M.2
  • 54
    • 47749139723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled burn: The gendering of stress and burnout in modern policing
    • Kurtz, D. L. (2008). Controlled burn: The gendering of stress and burnout in modern policing. Feminist Criminology, 3, 216-238.
    • (2008) Feminist Criminology , vol.3 , pp. 216-238
    • Kurtz, D.L.1
  • 56
    • 0001859044 scopus 로고
    • A technique for the measurement of attitudes
    • Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 140, 1-55.
    • (1932) Archives of Psychology , vol.140 , pp. 1-55
    • Likert, R.1
  • 59
    • 23044521671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating justice and social exchange: The differing effects of fair procedures and treatment on work relationships
    • Masterson, S., Lewis, K., Goldman, B., & Taylor, S. (2000). Integrating justice and social exchange: The differing effects of fair procedures and treatment on work relationships. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 738-746.
    • (2000) Academy of Management Journal , vol.43 , pp. 738-746
    • Masterson, S.1    Lewis, K.2    Goldman, B.3    Taylor, S.4
  • 61
    • 33746351333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why don't they demand more? Entitlement and work values of religious and secular men and women in Israel
    • Moore, D. (2006). Why don't they demand more? Entitlement and work values of religious and secular men and women in Israel. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 1924-1960.
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 1924-1960
    • Moore, D.1
  • 62
    • 77950723700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Job concessions, role conflict and work satisfaction in gender-typical and-atypical occupations: The case of Israel
    • Moore, D. (2009). Job concessions, role conflict and work satisfaction in gender-typical and-atypical occupations: The case of Israel. Gender Issues, 26, 42-64.
    • (2009) Gender Issues , vol.26 , pp. 42-64
    • Moore, D.1
  • 64
    • 0000968717 scopus 로고
    • Gender, workplace problems, and stress in policing
    • Morash, M., & Haarr, R. N. (1995). Gender, workplace problems, and stress in policing. Justice Quarterly, 12, 113-140.
    • (1995) Justice Quarterly , vol.12 , pp. 113-140
    • Morash, M.1    Haarr, R.N.2
  • 65
    • 79957924209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Work Stress and Health. Washington: American Psychological Association
    • Nelson, D. L., & Burke, R. J. (2002). Gender. Work Stress and Health. Washington: American Psychological Association.
    • (2002) Gender
    • Nelson, D.L.1    Burke, R.J.2
  • 68
    • 0003818075 scopus 로고
    • London: Routledge and Paul Kegan
    • Parsons, T. (1964). The social system. London: Routledge and Paul Kegan.
    • (1964) The social system
    • Parsons, T.1
  • 71
    • 0242296219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do men and women benefit from social support equally? Results from a field examination within the work and family context
    • In D. L. Nelson & R. J. Burke (Eds.), Washington: American Psychological Association
    • Perrewe, P. L., & Carlson, D. S. (2002). Do men and women benefit from social support equally? Results from a field examination within the work and family context. In D. L. Nelson & R. J. Burke (Eds.), Gender, work stress and health. Washington: American Psychological Association.
    • (2002) Gender, work stress and health
    • Perrewe, P.L.1    Carlson, D.S.2
  • 72
    • 0032331809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social capital: Its origins and applications in contemporary sociology
    • Portes, A. (1998). Social capital: Its origins and applications in contemporary sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 1-24.
    • (1998) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.24 , pp. 1-24
    • Portes, A.1
  • 77
    • 36348974823 scopus 로고
    • The personal problems for the police officer: A plea for action
    • In L. Territo & H. J. Vetter (Eds.), Boston: Allyn and Bacon
    • Schwartz, J., & Schwartz, C. (1981). The personal problems for the police officer: A plea for action. In L. Territo & H. J. Vetter (Eds.), Stress and police personnel. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
    • (1981) Stress and police personnel
    • Schwartz, J.1    Schwartz, C.2
  • 78
    • 34249007019 scopus 로고
    • A syndrome produced by diverse noxious agents
    • Selye, H. (1936). A syndrome produced by diverse noxious agents. Nature, 138, 32.
    • (1936) Nature , vol.138 , pp. 32
    • Selye, H.1
  • 80
    • 0141835956 scopus 로고
    • Job stress and burnout and new police officers
    • Silbert, M. H. (1982). Job stress and burnout and new police officers. Police Chief, 49(6), 46-106.
    • (1982) Police Chief , vol.49 , Issue.6 , pp. 46-106
    • Silbert, M.H.1
  • 82
    • 0031537046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of trauma and social support on posttraumatic stress disorder in New Zealand police officers
    • Stephens, C., Long, N., & Miller, I. (1997). The impact of trauma and social support on posttraumatic stress disorder in New Zealand police officers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 25, 303-314.
    • (1997) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.25 , pp. 303-314
    • Stephens, C.1    Long, N.2    Miller, I.3
  • 83
    • 44949279941 scopus 로고
    • The effects of police work and professional relationships on health
    • Stotland, E. (1991). The effects of police work and professional relationships on health. Journal of Criminal Justice, 19, 371-379.
    • (1991) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.19 , pp. 371-379
    • Stotland, E.1
  • 84
    • 36349019171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the utility of general strain theory in explaining problematic alcohol consumption by police officers
    • Swatt, M. L., Gibson, C. L., & Piquero, N. L. (2007). Exploring the utility of general strain theory in explaining problematic alcohol consumption by police officers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35, 596-611.
    • (2007) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.35 , pp. 596-611
    • Swatt, M.L.1    Gibson, C.L.2    Piquero, N.L.3
  • 86
    • 0141612903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association
    • Toch, H. (2002). Stress in policing. Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association.
    • (2002) Stress in policing
    • Toch, H.1
  • 87
    • 70249148431 scopus 로고
    • A relational model of authority in groups
    • In M. Zanna (Ed.), San Diego: Academic
    • Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. (1992). A relational model of authority in groups. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25). San Diego: Academic.
    • (1992) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.25
    • Tyler, T.R.1    Lind, E.A.2
  • 88
    • 84977044425 scopus 로고
    • Racial minority and female employment in policing: The implications of glacial change
    • Walker, S. (1985). Racial minority and female employment in policing: The implications of glacial change. Crime and Delinquency, 31, 555-572.
    • (1985) Crime and Delinquency , vol.31 , pp. 555-572
    • Walker, S.1
  • 89
    • 67749121346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health and illness
    • In K. Trew & J. Kremer (Eds.), London: Arnold
    • van Wersch, A. (2005). Health and illness. In K. Trew & J. Kremer (Eds.), Gender and psychology. London: Arnold.
    • (2005) Gender and psychology
    • van Wersch, A.1
  • 90
    • 17644394719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender asymmetry in crossover research
    • In D. L. Nelson & R. J. Burke (Eds.), Washington DC: American psychological association
    • Westman, M. (2002). Gender asymmetry in crossover research. In D. L. Nelson & R. J. Burke (Eds.), Gender, work stress and health (pp. 129-149). Washington DC: American psychological association.
    • (2002) Gender, work stress and health , pp. 129-149
    • Westman, M.1
  • 92
    • 0033646728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social capital: Implications for development theory, research and policy
    • Woolcock, M., & Narayan, D. (2000). Social capital: Implications for development theory, research and policy. The World Bank Research Observer, 15, 225-249.
    • (2000) The World Bank Research Observer , vol.15 , pp. 225-249
    • Woolcock, M.1    Narayan, D.2
  • 93
    • 0032085165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional exhaustion as a predictor of job performance
    • Wright, T. A., & Cropanzano, R. (1998). Emotional exhaustion as a predictor of job performance. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 486-493.
    • (1998) The Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.83 , pp. 486-493
    • Wright, T.A.1    Cropanzano, R.2
  • 94
    • 84937306043 scopus 로고
    • Looking beyond the numbers: The effects of gender status, job prestige and occupational gender-typing on tokenism processes
    • Yoder, J. (1994). Looking beyond the numbers: The effects of gender status, job prestige and occupational gender-typing on tokenism processes. Social Psychology Quarterly, 57, 150-159.
    • (1994) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.57 , pp. 150-159
    • Yoder, J.1
  • 95
    • 84985279263 scopus 로고
    • The justice perspective on stress
    • Zohar, D. (1995). The justice perspective on stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 487-495.
    • (1995) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.16 , pp. 487-495
    • Zohar, D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.