Restaurant and bar owners' exposure to secondhand smoke and attitudes regarding smoking bans in five Chinese cities

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 1520-1533

  Liu, Ruiling ^a,b   Hammond, S Katharine ^b   Hyland, Andrew ^c   Travers, Mark J ^c   Yang, Yan ^a   Nan, Yi ^a   Feng, Guoze ^a   Li, Qiang ^d   Jiang, Yuan ^a  

^a CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c ROSWELL PARK CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Attitudes; Knowledge; Restaurant and bar; Secondhand smoke; Smoking ban

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AIR QUALITY; AIRFLOW; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CATERING SERVICE; CHINA; COMMERCIAL PHENOMENA; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; HEALTH HAZARD; HEART DISEASE; HUMAN; INDOOR AIR POLLUTION; INTERVIEW; KNOWLEDGE; MALE; PASSIVE SMOKING; POLICY; QUESTIONNAIRE; SMOKING CESSATION;

EID: 79957884067     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16604601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8051520     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Cal/EPA. Proposed Identification of Environmental Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air Contaminant; California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment: Sacramento, CA, USA, 2005.
2. IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking, Volume 83; IARC: Lyon, France, 2004.
3. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health: Atlanta, GA, USA, 2006.
4. Lightwood, J.M.; Glantz, S.A. Declines in acute myocardial infarction after smoke-free laws and individual risk attributable to secondhand smoke. Circulation 2009, 120, 1373-1397.
5. Meyers, D.G.; Neuberger, J.S.; He, J. Cardiovascular effect of bans on smoking in public places. J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. 2009, 54, 1249-1255.
6. Ong, M.K.; Glantz, S.A. Cardiovascular health and economic effects of smoke-free workplaces. Amer. J. Med. 2004, 117, 32-38.
7. Sargent, R.P.; Shepard, R.M.; Glantz, S.A. Reduced incidence of admissions for myocardial infarction associated with public smoking ban: Before and after study. Brit. Med. J. 2004, 328, 977-980.
8. American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation (ANRF). Summary of 100% Smokefree State Laws and Population Protected by 100% U.S. Smokefree Laws; American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation: Berkeley, CA, USA, 2010; Available on line: http://www.nosmoke.org/pdf/SummaryUSPopList.pdf (accessed on 1 April 2011).
9. WHO. World Health Organization Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2009: Implementing Smoke-Free Environments; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2009; Available online: http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/2009/en/ (accessed on March 2010).
10. CDC. Smoking and Tobacco Use: GATS: Fact Sheet: China: 2010; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Atlanta, GA, USA, 2010; Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/global/gats/countries/wpr/fact_sheets/china/2010/index.htm (accessed on 2 May 2011).
11. Li, Y.; Jiang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Nan, Y.; Feng, G.; Zhou, G.; Li, M.; Zhang, C. Current situation of law and regulation for banning smoking in public places in China. J. Environ. Health 2007, 24, 221-223.
12. Ministry of Health. China Tobacco Control Report: 2007; Ministry of Health: Beijing, China, 2007.
13. Beijing Government. Regulations on Smoking in Public Places in Beijing, Rule 204; Beijing Government: Beijing, China, 2008; Volume 204.
14. Yang, G.; Ma, J.; Liu, N.; Zhou, L. Smoking and passive smoking in China, 2002. Chin. J. Epidemiol. 2005, 2, 77-83.
15. IARC. Handbooks of Cancer Prevention, Tobacco Control, Vol. 13: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Smoke-Free Policies; IARC: Lyon, France, 2009.
16. National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistic Year Book 2007; National Bureau of Statistics of China: Beijing, China, 2007; Available online: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2007/indexee.htm (accessed on 11 October 2010).
17. Liu, R.; Yang, Y.; Travers, M.; Fong, G.T.; O'Connor, R.J.; Hyland, A.; Li, L.; Nan, Y.; Feng, G.; Li, Q.; et al. A cross-sectional study on levels of second-hand smoke in restaurants and bars in five cities in China. Tob. Control 2010, 19, 124-129.
18. Yang, Y.; Jiang, Y.; Wu, X.; Feng, G. Analysis of policies on banning smoking in public places and their implementation in China. Chin. J. Health Edu. 2008, 24, 657-660.
19. National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Labour Statistical Yearbook 2006; National Bureau of Statistics of China: Beijing, China, 2006; Available online: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/laodong/2006/2006laodong.htm (accessed on 2 May 2011).
20. Liu, R.; Yang, Y.; Liu, X.; Chang, A.; Gong, J.; Zhao, B.; Liu, T.; Jiang, Y.; Hyland, A.; Li, Q. Knowledge and attitudes towards secondhand smoke among hospitality patronage in five cities in China. Chin. J. Epidemiol. 2008, 29, 421-425.
21. Fong, G.T.; Hammond, D.; Jiang, Y.A.; Li, Q.A.; Quah, A.C.K.; Driezen, P.; Yan, M. Perceptions of tobacco health warnings in China compared with picture and text-only health warnings from other countries: An experimental study. Tob. Control 2010, 19, 169-177.
22. ASHRAE. ASHRAE Position Document on Environmental Tobacco Smoke; American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc: Atlanta, GA, USA, 2008.
23. Hyland, A.; Vena, C.; Cummings, M.K. A review of the economic effect of smoke-free restaurant and bar policies on the hospitality economy. Epidemiology 2000, 11, S145.
24. Ma, S.J.; Hoang, M.A.; Samet, J.M.; Wang, J.F.; Mei, C.Z.; Xu, X.F.; Stillman, F.A. Myths and attitudes that sustain smoking in China. J. Health Commun. 2008, 13, 654-666.