The role of sampling in clinical trial design

Psychotherapy Research

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 243-251

  Krause, Merton ^a   Lutz, Wolfgang ^a   Boehnke, Jan R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TRIER   (Germany)

Author keywords

Aptitude treatment interaction research; Client sampling; Client covariate sampling; Outcome research; Statistical methodology

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HUMAN; MASS SCREENING; METHODOLOGY; PROBABILITY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; HUMANS; LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; MASS SCREENING; PROBABILITY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RESEARCH DESIGN; SAMPLING STUDIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 79957852215     PISSN: 10503307     EISSN: 14684381     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2010.549520     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Bakan, D. (1954). A generalization of Sidman's results on group and individual functions, and a criterion. Psychological Bulletin, 51, 63-64.
2. Barlow, D.H. (1981). On the relation of clinical research to clinical practice: Current issues, new directions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 147-155.
3. Barlow, D.H. (2010). Negative effects from psychological treatments: A perspective. American Psychologist, 65, 13-20.
4. Borsboom, D., Mellenbergh, G.J., & van Heerden, J. (2003). The theoretical status of latent variables. Psychological Review, 110, 203-219.
5. Cook, T.D., & Steiner, P.M. (2010). Case matching and the reduction of selection bias in quasi-experiments: The relative importance of pretest measures of outcome, of unreliable measurement, and of mode of data analysis. Psychological Methods, 15, 56-68.
6. Cronbach, L.J. (1975). Beyond the two disciplines of scientific psychology. American Psychologist, 30, 116-127.
7. Danziger, K. (1990). Constructing the subject: Historical origins of psychological research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8. Davison, G.C. (2000). Stepped care: Doing more with less. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 580-585.
9. Dawid, A.P. (2000). Causal thinking without counterfactuals. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 95, 407-424, 444-448.
10. Driessen, E., Cuijpers, P., Hollon, S.D., & Dekker, J.J.J. (2010). Does pretreatment severity moderate the efficacy of psychological treatment of adult depression? A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 668-680.
11. Estes, W.K. (1956). The problem of inference from curves based on group data. Psychological Bulletin, 53, 134-140.
12. Flanders, W.D. (2006). On the relationship of sufficient component cause models with potential outcome (counterfactual) models. European Journal of Epidemiology, 21, 847-853.
13. Howard, K.I., Krause, M.S., & Vessey, J. (1994). Analyzing clinical trail data: The problem of outcome overlap. Psychotherapy, 31, 302-307.
14. Kiesler, D.J. (1966). Some myths of psychotherapy research and the search for a paradigm. Psychological Bulletin, 65, 110-136.
15. Kraemer, H.C. (2008). Toward non-parametric and clinically meaningful moderators and mediators. Statistics in Medicine, 27, 1679-1692.
16. Krause, M.S. (2010). Trying to discover sufficient condition causes. Methodology, 6, 59-70.
17. Krause, M.S. (in press). Significance testing and clinical trials. Psychotherapy.
18. Krause, M.S., & Howard, K.I. (2002). The Linear Model is a very special case: Exploring data for their full clinical implications. Psychotherapy Research, 12, 475-490.
19. Krause, M.S., & Howard, K.I. (2003). What random assignment does and does not do. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 751-766.
20. Krause, M.S., & Lutz, W. (2006). How we really ought to be comparing treatments for clinical purposes. Psychotherapy, 43, 359-361.
21. Krause, M.S., & Lutz, W. (2009a). What should be used for baselines against which to compare treatments' effectiveness. Psychotherapy Research, 19, 358-367.
22. Krause, M.S., & Lutz, W. (2009b). Process transforms inputs to determine outcomes: Therapists are responsible for managing process. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 16, 73-81.
23. Lambert, M.J., Whipple, J.L., Vermeersch, D.A., Smart, D.W., Hawkins, E.J., Nielsen, S.L., & Goates, M. (2002). Enhancing psychotherapy outcomes via providing feedback on client progress: A replication. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 9, 91-103.
24. Luborsky, L., Diguer, L., Luborsky, E., McClellan, A.T., Woody, G., & Alexander, L. (1993). Psychological health-sickness (PHS) as a predictor of outcomes in dynamic and other psychotherapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 542-548.
25. Lutz, W., Leach, C., Barkham, M., Lucock, M., Stiles, W.B., & Evans, C. (2005). Predicting change for individual psychotherapy clients based on their nearest neighbors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 904-913.
26. Lutz, W., Stultz, N., & Kock, K. (2009). Patterns of early change and their relationship to outcome and follow-up among clients with major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 118, 60-68.
27. Merrill, M. (1931). The relationship of individual growth to average growth. Human Biology, 3, 37-70.
28. Pearl, J. (2000). Causality: Models, reasoning, and inference. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
29. Ruberg, S.J., Chen, L., & Wang, Y. (2010). The mean does not mean as much anymore: Finding sub-groups for tailored therapeutics. Clinical Trials, 7, 574-583.
30. Sidman, M. (1952). A note on functional relations obtained from group data. Psychological Bulletin, 49, 263-269.
31. Strobl, C., Malley, J., & Tutz, G. (2009). An introduction to recursive partitioning: Rationale, application, and characteristics of classification and regression trees, bagging, and random forests. Psychological Methods, 14, 323-348.
32. Strupp, H.H., & Hadley, S.W. (1979). Specific versus non-specific factors in psychotherapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 1125-1137.
33. VanderWeele, T.J., & Hernán, M.A. (2006). From counterfactuals to sufficient component causes and vice versa. European Journal of Epidemiology, 21, 855-858.
34. West, S.G., & Thoemmes, F. (2010). Campbell's and Rubin's perspectives on causal inference. Psychological Methods, 15, 18-37.
35. Yeaton, W., & Sechrest, L. (1981). Critical dimensions in the choice and maintenance of successful treatments: Strength, integrity, effectiveness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 156-167.