메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 149, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 147-151

Is pre-hospital treatment of chest pain optimal in acute coronary syndrome? the relief of both pain and anxiety is needed

Author keywords

Anxiety; Chest pain; Pre hospital treatment

Indexed keywords

ALFENTANIL; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; METOPROLOL; MORPHINE; NARCOTIC AGENT; NITRATE; OXYGEN; PLACEBO;

EID: 79957468254     PISSN: 01675273     EISSN: 18741754     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.10.012     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (10)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 34247859177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial emergency medical dispatching and prehospital needs assessment: A prospective study of the Swedish ambulance service
    • DOI 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32801464cf, PII 0006311020070600000003
    • L. Hjälte, B.O. Suserud, J. Herlitz, and I. Karlberg Initial emergency medical dispatching and prehospital needs assessment: a prospective study of the Swedish ambulance service Eur J Emerg Med 14 2007 134 141 (Pubitemid 46701387)
    • (2007) European Journal of Emergency Medicine , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 134-141
    • Hjalte, L.1    Suserud, B.-O.2    Herlitz, J.3    Karlberg, I.4
  • 2
    • 65349162067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does ambulance use differ between geographic areas? A survey of ambulance use in sparsely and densely populated areas
    • L.M. Beillon, B.O. Suserud, I. Karlberg, and J. Herlitz Does ambulance use differ between geographic areas? A survey of ambulance use in sparsely and densely populated areas Am J Emerg Med 27 2009 202 211
    • (2009) Am J Emerg Med , vol.27 , pp. 202-211
    • Beillon, L.M.1    Suserud, B.O.2    Karlberg, I.3    Herlitz, J.4
  • 3
    • 0036791828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of pain in the prehospital setting
    • S.A. McLean, R.F. Maio, and R.M. Domeier The epidemiology of pain in the prehospital setting Prehosp Emerg Care 6 2002 402 405
    • (2002) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.6 , pp. 402-405
    • McLean, S.A.1    Maio, R.F.2    Domeier, R.M.3
  • 4
    • 0029311382 scopus 로고
    • Outcome for patients who call for an ambulance for chest pain in relation to the dispatcher's initial suspicion of acute myocardial infarction
    • J. Herlitz, A. Bång, L. Isaksson, and T. Karlsson Outcome for patients who call for an ambulance for chest pain in relation to the dispatcher's initial suspicion of acute myocardial infarction Eur J Emerg Med 2 1995 75 82
    • (1995) Eur J Emerg Med , vol.2 , pp. 75-82
    • Herlitz, J.1    Bång, A.2    Isaksson, L.3    Karlsson, T.4
  • 5
    • 0034277384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and outcome for patients with acute chest pain in relation to whether or not they were transported by ambulance
    • J. Herlitz, B.W. Karlson, A. Bång, and J. Lindqvist Characteristics and outcome for patients with acute chest pain in relation to whether or not they were transported by ambulance Eur J Emerg Med 7 2000 195 200
    • (2000) Eur J Emerg Med , vol.7 , pp. 195-200
    • Herlitz, J.1    Karlson, B.W.2    Bång, A.3    Lindqvist, J.4
  • 6
    • 33750609070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and outcome of patients with acute chest pain in relation to the use of ambulances in an urban and a rural area
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ajem.2006.03.016, PII S0735675706001033
    • J. Herlitz, L. Hjälte, B.W. Karlson, B.O. Suserud, and T. Karlsson Characteristics and outcome in acute chest pain in relation to the use of ambulance in an urban and rural area Am J Emerg Med 24 2006 775 781 (Pubitemid 44693137)
    • (2006) American Journal of Emergency Medicine , vol.24 , Issue.7 , pp. 775-781
    • Herlitz, J.1    Hjalte, L.2    Karlson, B.W.3    Suserud, B.O.4    Karlsson, T.5
  • 8
    • 0242286226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevation of biochemical markers for myocardial damage prior to hospital admission in patients with acute chest pain or other symptoms raising suspicion of acute coronary syndrome
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2003.01116.x
    • L. Svensson, C. Axelsson, R. Nordlander, and J. Herlitz Elevation of biochemical markers for myocardial damage prior to hospital admission in patients with acute chest pain or other symptoms raising suspicion of acute coronary syndrome J Intern Med 253 2003 311 319 (Pubitemid 36315202)
    • (2003) Journal of Internal Medicine , vol.253 , Issue.3 , pp. 311-319
    • Svensson, L.1    Axelsson, C.2    Nordlander, R.3    Herlitz, J.4
  • 9
    • 0025736202 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of computer-interpreted electrocardiography in selecting patients for thrombolytic therapy
    • P.J. Kudenchuk, M.T. Ho, and D. Weaver Accuracy of computer-interpreted electrocardiography in selecting patients for thrombolytic therapy J Am Coll Cardiol 17 1991 1486 1491
    • (1991) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.17 , pp. 1486-1491
    • Kudenchuk, P.J.1    Ho, M.T.2    Weaver, D.3
  • 12
    • 0022551259 scopus 로고
    • Variability of chest pain in suspected acute myocardial infarction according to subjective assessment and requirement of narcotic analgesics
    • DOI 10.1016/0167-5273(86)90075-6
    • J. Herlitz, A. Richter, Å. Hjalmarson, and S. Holmberg Variability of chest pain in suspected acute myocardial infarction according to subjective assessment and requirement of narcotic analgesics Int J Cardiol 13 1986 9 22 (Pubitemid 16048460)
    • (1986) International Journal of Cardiology , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-22
    • Herlitz, J.1    Richter, A.2    Hjalmarson, A.3    Holmberg, S.4
  • 13
    • 0022449549 scopus 로고
    • Chest pain in acute myocardial infarction: A descriptive study according to subjective assessment and morphine requirement
    • J. Herlitz, A. Richter, Å. Hjalmarson, C. Hovgren, S. Holmberg, and E. Bondestam Chest pain in acute myocardial infarction. A descriptive study according to subjective assessment and morphine requirement Clin Cardiol 9 1986 423 428 (Pubitemid 16001379)
    • (1986) Clinical Cardiology , vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp. 423-428
    • Herlitz, J.1    Richterova, A.2    Bondestam, E.3
  • 14
    • 0026101123 scopus 로고
    • Effects on chest pain by early thrombolytic treatment in suspected acute myocardial infarction: Results from the TEAHAT Study
    • M. Risenfors, M. Hartford, and M. Dellborg Effects on chest pain by early thrombolytic treatment in suspected acute myocardial infarction: results from the TEAHAT Study J Intern Med 229 suppl 1 1991 27 34
    • (1991) J Intern Med , vol.229 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 27-34
    • Risenfors, M.1    Hartford, M.2    Dellborg, M.3
  • 15
    • 0032963345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intravenous metoprolol before hospital admission on chest pain in suspected acute myocardial infarction
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-8703(99)70405-9
    • M. Gardtman, M. Dellborg, Ch. Brunnhage, J. Lindqvist, L. Waagstein, and J. Herlitz Effect of intravenous metoprolol before hospital admission on chest pain in suspected acute myocardial infarction Am Heart J 137 5 1999 821 829 (Pubitemid 29226291)
    • (1999) American Heart Journal , vol.137 , Issue.5 , pp. 821-829
    • Gardtman, M.1    Dellborg, M.2    Brunnhage, C.3    Lindkvist, J.4    Waagstein, L.5    Herlitz, J.6
  • 16
    • 77249085241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspects on the intensity and the relief of pain in the prehospital phase of acute coronary syndrome. Experiences from a randomized clinical trial
    • C. Zedigh, A. Alho, and E. Hammar Aspects on the intensity and the relief of pain in the prehospital phase of acute coronary syndrome. Experiences from a randomized clinical trial Cor Art Dis 21 2010 113 120
    • (2010) Cor Art Dis , vol.21 , pp. 113-120
    • Zedigh, C.1    Alho, A.2    Hammar, E.3
  • 18
    • 0029952298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new analogue scale for assessing children's pain: An initial validation study
    • DOI 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00171-9
    • P. McGrath, C. Seifert, K. Speechley, J. Booth, L. Stitt, and M. Gibson A new analogue scale for assessing children's pain: an initial validation study Pain 64 1996 435 443 (Pubitemid 26180149)
    • (1996) Pain , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 435-443
    • McGrath, P.A.1    Seifert, C.E.2    Speechley, K.N.3    Booth, J.C.4    Stitt, L.5    Gibson, M.C.6
  • 19
    • 4344701217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of pain in the prehospital setting using a visual analogue scale
    • B. Lord, and B. Parsell Measurement of pain in the prehospital setting using a visual analogue scale Prehosp Disaster Med 18 4 2003 353 358
    • (2003) Prehosp Disaster Med , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 353-358
    • Lord, B.1    Parsell, B.2
  • 21
    • 38949151054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there an ideal morphine dose for prehospital treatment of severe acute pain? A randomized, double-blind comparison of 2 doses
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.020, PII S0735675707003014
    • V. Bounes, S. Charpentier, C.H. Houze-Cerfon, C. Bellard, and J.L. Ducassé Is there an ideal morphine dose for prehospital treatment of severe acute pain? A randomized, double-blind comparison of 2 doses Am J Emerg Med 26 2008 148 154 (Pubitemid 351215788)
    • (2008) American Journal of Emergency Medicine , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 148-154
    • Bounes, V.1    Charpentier, S.2    Houze-Cerfon, C.-H.3    Bellard, C.4    Ducasse, J.L.5
  • 23
    • 0028094965 scopus 로고
    • Word descriptors in suspected acute myocardial infarction: A comparison between patients with and without confirmed myocardial infarction
    • K. Hofgren, B.W. Karlson, and J. Herlitz Word descriptors in suspected acute myocardial infarction. A comparison between patients with and without confirmed acute myocardial infarction Heart Lung 40 1994 397 403 (Pubitemid 24307600)
    • (1994) Heart and Lung: Journal of Critical Care , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 397-403
    • Hofgren, C.1    Karlson, B.W.2    Gaston-Johansson, F.3    Herlitz, J.4
  • 24
    • 23644442111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptoms and type of symptom onset in acute coronary syndrome in relation to ST elevation, sex, age, and a history of diabetes
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.08.035, PII S0002870304005964
    • M. Thuresson, M.B. Jarlöv, B. Lindahl, L. Svensson, C. Zedigh, and J. Herlitz Symptoms and type of symptom onset in acute coronary syndrome in relation to ST-elevation, gender, age and a history of diabetes Am Heart J. 150 2005 234 242 (Pubitemid 41116247)
    • (2005) American Heart Journal , vol.150 , Issue.2 , pp. 234-242
    • Thuresson, M.1    Jarlov, M.B.2    Lindahl, B.3    Svensson, L.4    Zedigh, C.5    Herlitz, J.6
  • 25
    • 0035754636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of alfentanil and morphine in the prehospital treatment of patients with acute ischaemic-type chest pain
    • T. Silfvast, and L. Saarnivaara Comparison of alfentanil and morphine in the prehospital treatment of patients with acute ischaemic-type chest pain Eur J Emerg Med 8 2001 275 278
    • (2001) Eur J Emerg Med , vol.8 , pp. 275-278
    • Silfvast, T.1    Saarnivaara, L.2
  • 26
    • 0032726507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quality control program for acute pain management in out-of-hospital critical care medicine
    • A. Ricard-Hibon, C. Chollet, S. Saada, B. Loridant, and J. Marty A quality control program for acute pain management in out-of-hospital critical care medicine Ann Emerg Med 34 1999 738 744
    • (1999) Ann Emerg Med , vol.34 , pp. 738-744
    • Ricard-Hibon, A.1    Chollet, C.2    Saada, S.3    Loridant, B.4    Marty, J.5
  • 28
    • 57349189353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with persistent ST-segment elevation
    • The Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology
    • The Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with persistent ST-segment elevation Eur Heart J 29 2008 2909 2945
    • (2008) Eur Heart J , vol.29 , pp. 2909-2945
  • 29
    • 84870162595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
    • A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
    • A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction Circulation 110 2004 e82 e293
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110
  • 31
    • 77949912137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of narcotic treatment on outcomes of acute coronary syndromes
    • Z. Iakobishvili, A. Porter, and A. Battler Effect of narcotic treatment on outcomes of acute coronary syndromes Am J Cardiol 105 2010 912 916
    • (2010) Am J Cardiol , vol.105 , pp. 912-916
    • Iakobishvili, Z.1    Porter, A.2    Battler, A.3
  • 32
    • 27644531361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45.852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: Randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • COMMIT (Clopidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group
    • COMMIT (Clopidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45.852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial Lancet 366 2005 1622 1632
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1622-1632
  • 33
    • 0033913939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis and management of hypertensive crisis
    • J. Varon, and P.E. Marik The diagnosis and management of hypertensive crisis Chest 118 2000 214 227
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , pp. 214-227
    • Varon, J.1    Marik, P.E.2
  • 34
    • 38949211561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of acute severe hypertension: Current and newer agents
    • DOI 10.2165/00003495-200868030-00003
    • J. Varon Treatment of acute severe hypertension: current and newer agents Drugs 68 2008 283 297 (Pubitemid 351225810)
    • (2008) Drugs , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 283-297
    • Varon, J.1
  • 35
    • 33746740058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The challenge of blood pressure management in neurologic emergencies
    • DOI 10.1592/phco.26.8part2.123S
    • R.L. Talbert The challenge of blood pressure management in neurologic emergencies Pharmacotherapy 8 Pt 2 2006 123S 130S (Pubitemid 44162830)
    • (2006) Pharmacotherapy , vol.26 , Issue.II 8
    • Talbert, R.L.1
  • 36
    • 0028786101 scopus 로고
    • Hypertensive emergencies
    • C. Murphy Hypertensive emergencies Emerg Med Clin North Am 13 1995 973 1007
    • (1995) Emerg Med Clin North Am , vol.13 , pp. 973-1007
    • Murphy, C.1
  • 37
    • 33645121545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing emergency hypertension in aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm surgery
    • A. Khoynezhad, and K.A. Plestis Managing emergency hypertension in aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm surgery J Card Surg 21 2006 S3 S7
    • (2006) J Card Surg , vol.21
    • Khoynezhad, A.1    Plestis, K.A.2
  • 38
    • 12744267760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inadequate hemodynamic management in patients undergoing interfacility transfer for suspected aortic dissection
    • G. Winsor, S.H. Thomas, P.D. Biddinger, and S.K. Wedel Inadequate hemodynamic management in patients undergoing interfacility transfer for suspected aortic dissection Am J Emerg Med 23 2005 24 29
    • (2005) Am J Emerg Med , vol.23 , pp. 24-29
    • Winsor, G.1    Thomas, S.H.2    Biddinger, P.D.3    Wedel, S.K.4
  • 39
    • 0346756189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chest pain relief by nitroglycerin does not predict active coronary artery disease
    • C.A. Henrikson, E.E. Howell, and D.E. Bush Chest pain relief by nitroglycerin does not predict active coronary artery disease Ann Intern Med 139 2003 979 986
    • (2003) Ann Intern Med , vol.139 , pp. 979-986
    • Henrikson, C.A.1    Howell, E.E.2    Bush, D.E.3
  • 40
    • 0027538888 scopus 로고
    • The prehospital use of nitroglycerin according to standing medical orders in an urban EMS system
    • L.L. Herman, M. Koenigsberg, S. Ward, and E.P. Sloan The prehospital use of nitroglycerin according to standing medical orders in an urban EMS system Prehospital Disaster Med 8 1993 29 33
    • (1993) Prehospital Disaster Med , vol.8 , pp. 29-33
    • Herman, L.L.1    Koenigsberg, M.2    Ward, S.3    Sloan, E.P.4
  • 41
    • 0032766980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitroglycerin in the out-of-hospital treatment of chest pain [2]
    • D. Funk, and T.J. McGuire Nitroglycerine in the out-of-hospital treatment of chest pain Prehosp Emerg Care 3 1999 266 268 (Pubitemid 29356358)
    • (1999) Prehospital Emergency Care , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 266-268
    • Funk, D.1    McGuire, T.J.2
  • 43
    • 34147140826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dramatic drop in blood pressure following prehospital GTN administration
    • M.J.A. Boyle Dramatic drop in blood pressure following prehospital GTN administration Emerg Med J 24 2007 225 226
    • (2007) Emerg Med J , vol.24 , pp. 225-226
    • Boyle, M.J.A.1
  • 44
    • 0036071714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of midazolam on stress levels during simulated emergency medical service transport: A placebo-controlled, dose-response study
    • V. Dörges, V. Wenzel, and S. Dix The effect of midazolam on stress levels during simulated emergency medical service transport: a placebo-controlled dose-response study Anesth Analg 95 2002 417 422 (Pubitemid 34793113)
    • (2002) Anesthesia and Analgesia , vol.95 , Issue.2 , pp. 417-422
    • Dorges, V.1    Wenzel, V.2    Dix, S.3    Kuhl, A.4    Schumann, T.5    Huppe, M.6    Iven, H.7    Gerlach, K.8
  • 45
    • 0344152222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of benzodiazepines in the treatment of chest pain: A review of the literature
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2003.01.001
    • J. Huffman, and T. Stern The use of benzodiazepines in the treatment of chest pain: a review of the literature J Emerg Med 25 4 2003 427 437 (Pubitemid 37488050)
    • (2003) Journal of Emergency Medicine , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 427-437
    • Huffman, J.C.1    Stern, T.A.2
  • 46
    • 21844445859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for acute coronary syndrome
    • M. Bennett, N. Jepson, and J. Lehm Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for acute coronary syndrome Cochrane Database Syst Rev 18 2 Apr 2005 CD004818
    • (2005) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 004818
    • Bennett, M.1    Jepson, N.2    Lehm, J.3
  • 47
    • 33645073429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary on Nicholson C (2004) a systematic review of the effectiveness of oxygen in reducing acute myocardial ischaemia. Journal of Clinical Nursing 13, 996-1007
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01174.x
    • T. Quinn Commentary on Nicholson C (2004) A systematic review of the effectiveness of oxygen in reducing acute myocardial ischaemia J Clin Nurs 15 1 Jan 2006 121 122 (Pubitemid 43455103)
    • (2006) Journal of Clinical Nursing , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 121-122
    • Quinn, T.1
  • 50
    • 0029801617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is anxiety early after myocardial infarction associated with subsequent ischemic and arrhythmic events?
    • D.K. Moser, and K. Dracup Is anxiety early after myocardial infarction associated with subsequent ischemic and arrhythmic events? Psychosom Med 58 1996 395 401
    • (1996) Psychosom Med , vol.58 , pp. 395-401
    • Moser, D.K.1    Dracup, K.2
  • 51
    • 33846424207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of anxiety and perceived control on in-hospital complications after acute myocardial infarction
    • DOI 10.1097/01.psy.0000245868.43447.d8, PII 0000684220070100000004
    • D.K. Moser, B. Riegel, S. McKinley, L.V. Doering, K. An, and S. Sheahan Impact of anxiety and perceived control on in-hospital complications after acute myocardial infarction Psychosom Med 69 2007 10 16 (Pubitemid 46148360)
    • (2007) Psychosomatic Medicine , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-16
    • Moser, D.K.1    Riegel, B.2    McKinley, S.3    Doering, L.V.4    An, K.5    Sheahan, S.6
  • 52
    • 34547799614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients' conceptions of suffering an acute myocardial infarction
    • I. Johansson, E. Swahn, and A. Strömberg Patients' conceptions of suffering an acute myocardial infarction Eur J of Cardiovas Nurs 6 2007 184 191
    • (2007) Eur J of Cardiovas Nurs , vol.6 , pp. 184-191
    • Johansson, I.1    Swahn, E.2    Strömberg, A.3
  • 54
    • 0035405590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women's narratives during the acute phase of their myocardial infarction
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01837.x
    • M. Svedlund, E. Danielsson, and A. Norberg Women's narratives during the acute phase of their myocardial infarction J of Adv Nurs 35 2 2001 197 205 (Pubitemid 33690428)
    • (2001) Journal of Advanced Nursing , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-205
    • Svedlund, M.1    Danielson, E.2    Norberg, A.3
  • 55
    • 4444317310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety is not manifested by elevated heart rate and blood pressure in acutely ill cardiac patients
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2004.06.006, PII S147451510400057X
    • M.J. De Jong, D.K. Moser, K. An, and M.L. Chung Anxiety is not manifested by elevated heart rate and blood pressure in acutely ill cardiac patients Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 3 2004 247 253 (Pubitemid 39179740)
    • (2004) European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-253
    • De Jong, M.J.1    Moser, D.K.2    An, K.3    Chung, M.L.4
  • 58
    • 23244436430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Errors of omission in the treatment of prehospital chest pain patients
    • DOI 10.1080/10903120590891688
    • J.C. Rittenberger, P.W. Beck, and P.M. Paris Errors of omission in the treatment of prehospital chest pain patients Prehosp Emerg Care 9 2005 2 7 (Pubitemid 41656719)
    • (2005) Prehospital Emergency Care , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 2-7
    • Rittenberger, J.C.1    Beck, P.W.2    Paris, P.M.3
  • 59
    • 0016893792 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind study of the effect of cardio-selective beta-blockade on chest pain in acute myocardial infarction
    • F. Waagstein, and Å.C. Hjalmarson Double-blind study of the effect of cardio-selective beta-blockade on chest pain in acute myocardial infarction Acta Med Scand 587 Suppl 1975 201 208
    • (1975) Acta Med Scand , vol.587 , pp. 201-208
    • Waagstein, F.1    Hjalmarson, Å.C.2
  • 60
    • 0019459311 scopus 로고
    • Timolol-induced reduction in mortality and reinfarction in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction
    • The Norwegian Multicenter Study Group
    • The Norwegian Multicenter Study Group Timolol-induced reduction in mortality and reinfarction in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction New Engl J Med 304 1981 801 807
    • (1981) New Engl J Med , vol.304 , pp. 801-807
  • 61
    • 0028932732 scopus 로고
    • A randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58.050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction
    • ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group
    • ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group A randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58.050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction Lancet 345 1995 669 685
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 669-685
  • 62
    • 48349142637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of medical therapies on acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris
    • P.H. Held, K.K. Teo, and S. Yusif Effects of medical therapies on acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris E.J. Topol, Textbook of interventional cardiology 4th ed. 2002 Oxford Saunders 65 78
    • (2002) Textbook of Interventional Cardiology , pp. 65-78
    • Held, P.H.1    Teo, K.K.2    Yusif, S.3
  • 63
    • 3042948355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term nitrate treatment increases cardiac events in patients with healed myocardial infarction. Secondary Prevention Group
    • K. Ishikawa, K. Kanamasa, and I. Ogawa Long-term nitrate treatment increases cardiac events in patients with healed myocardial infarction. Secondary Prevention Group Jpn Circ J 60 1996 779 788
    • (1996) Jpn Circ J , vol.60 , pp. 779-788
    • Ishikawa, K.1    Kanamasa, K.2    Ogawa, I.3
  • 64
    • 0032861874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term nitrate use may be deleterious in ischemic heart disease: A study using the databases from two large-scale postinfarction studies
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-8703(99)70163-8
    • Y. Nakamura, A.J. Moss, M.W. Brown, M. Kinoshita, and C. Kawai Long-term nitrate use may be deleterious in ischemic heart disease: a study using the databases from two large-scale postinfarction studies. Multicenter Myocardial Ischemia Research Group Am Heart J 138 1999 577 585 (Pubitemid 29428783)
    • (1999) American Heart Journal , vol.138 , Issue.I3 , pp. 577-585
    • Nakamura, Y.1    Moss, A.J.2    Brown, M.W.3    Kinoshita, M.4    Kawai, C.5
  • 66
    • 0021686055 scopus 로고
    • Morphine inhibits cortisol and stimulates prolactin secretion in man
    • DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(84)90050-7
    • A. Zis, R. Haskett, A. Albala, and B.J. Carroll Morphine inhibits cortisol and stimulates prolactin secretion in man Psychoneuroendocrinology 9 1984 423 427 (Pubitemid 15181545)
    • (1984) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 423-427
    • Zis, A.P.1    Haskett, R.F.2    Ariav Albala, A.3    Carroll, B.J.4
  • 67
    • 0021813977 scopus 로고
    • Morphine inhibits the pituitary-adrenal response to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone in normal subjects
    • R.S. Rittmaster, G.B. Cutler Jr., and D.O. Sobel Morphine inhibits the pituitary-adrenal response to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone in normal subjects J Clin Endocrinol Metab 60 1985 891 895 (Pubitemid 15085118)
    • (1985) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.60 , Issue.5 , pp. 891-895
    • Rittmaster, R.S.1    Cutler Jr., G.B.2    Sobel, D.O.3
  • 68
    • 20544451355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morpheus, God of sleep or God of death?
    • W.A. Verheugt Freek Morpheus, God of sleep or God of death? Am Heart J 149 2005 945 946
    • (2005) Am Heart J , vol.149 , pp. 945-946
    • Verheugt Freek, W.A.1
  • 69
    • 1842841258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid-Induced Cardioprotection Occurs via Glycogen Synthase Kinase β Inhibition during Reperfusion in Intact Rat Hearts
    • DOI 10.1161/01.RES.0000122392.33172.09
    • E.R. Gross, A.K. Hsu, and G.J. Gross Opioid-induced cardioprotection occurs via glycogen synthase kinase beta inhibition during reperfusion in intact rat hearts Circ Res 94 2004 960 966 (Pubitemid 38490074)
    • (2004) Circulation Research , vol.94 , Issue.7 , pp. 960-966
    • Gross, E.R.1    Hsu, A.K.2    Gross, G.J.3
  • 70
    • 79957477948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of the cardioprotective effect of remote ischemic postconditioning by morphine in primary percutaneous coronary interventions
    • I. Rentoukas, S. Deftereos, and G. Giannopoulos Enhancement of the cardioprotective effect of remote ischemic postconditioning by morphine in primary percutaneous coronary interventions Eur Heart J 30 (Abstract Suppl 2009 892
    • (2009) Eur Heart J , vol.30 , pp. 892
    • Rentoukas, I.1    Deftereos, S.2    Giannopoulos, G.3
  • 71
    • 57549110416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical authorship and publishing
    • A.J. Coats Ethical authorship and publishing Int J Cardiol 131 2009 149 150
    • (2009) Int J Cardiol , vol.131 , pp. 149-150
    • Coats, A.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.