Erectile Dysfunction and Depression: Screening and Treatment

Urologic Clinics of North America

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 125-139

  Perelman, Michael A ^a,b  

^a NEW YORK PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Combination treatment; Depression; Erectile dysfunction; Metabolic syndrome; Sexual dysfunction

Indexed keywords

AMFEBUTAMONE; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BUSPIRONE; DULOXETINE; FLUOXETINE; MIDODRINE; MIRTAZAPINE; MOCLOBEMIDE; NEFAZODONE; PAROXETINE; PHOSPHODIESTERASE V INHIBITOR; PSYCHOSTIMULANT AGENT; REBOXETINE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SERTRALINE; SILDENAFIL; YOHIMBINE;

BIPOLAR DISORDER; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DIZZINESS; DRUG CHOICE; EJACULATION DISORDER; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; GINKGO BILOBA; HUMAN; HYPOGONADISM; IRRITABILITY; LIBIDO DISORDER; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MENTAL STRESS; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NAUSEA; ORGASM DISORDER; PARESTHESIA; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PATIENT COUNSELING; PATIENT REFERRAL; PENIS NOCTURNAL TUMESCENCE; PREMATURE EJACULATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; REVIEW; SCREENING; SEROTONIN SYNDROME; SEXUAL AROUSAL DISORDER; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; SIDE EFFECT; VOMITING;

ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; COMORBIDITY; COUNSELING; DEPRESSION; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; HUMANS; MALE; PREVALENCE; REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION; RISK FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 79957452770     PISSN: 00940143     EISSN: 1558318X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2011.03.004     Document Type: Review

References (128)

1. Kessler R.C., Zhao S., Blazer D.G., et al. Prevalence, correlates, and course of minor depression and major depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. J Affect Disord 1997, 45:19-30.
2. Feldman H.A., Goldstein I., Hatzichristou D.G., et al. Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol 1994, 151:54-61.
3. Araujo A.B., Durante R., Feldman H.A., et al. The relationship between depressive symptoms and male erectile dysfunction: cross-sectional results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Psychosom Med 1998, 60:458-465.
4. Wylie K., MacInnes I. Erectile dysfunction. Handbook of sexual dysfunction 2005, 155-191. Taylor and Francis, London. R. Balon, R.T. Segraves (Eds.).
5. Blazer D.G., Kessler R.C., McGonagle K.A., et al. The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: the National Comorbidity Survey. Am J Psychiatry 1994, 151:979-986.
6. Lee I.C., Surridge D., Morales A., et al. The prevalence and influence of significant psychiatric abnormalities in men undergoing comprehensive management of organic erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 2000, 12:47-51.
7. Althof S.E. Sexual therapy in the age of pharmacotherapy. Annu Rev Sex Res 2006, 17:116-131.
8. Perelman M.A. Psychosocial evaluation and combination treatment of men with erectile dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am 2005, 32:431-445. vi.
9. Mallis D., Moysidis K., Nakopoulou E., et al. Psychiatric morbidity is frequently undetected in patients with erectile dysfunction. J Urol 2005, 174:1913-1916.
10. Chochinov H., Wilson K., Enns M., et al. "Are you depressed?" Screening for depression in the terminally ill. Am J Psychiatry 1997, 154(5):674-676.
11. Perelman M.A. Rehabilitative sex therapy for organic impotence. Emerging dimensions of sexology 1984, 181-188. Praeger Publications, New York. T. Segraves, E. Haeberle (Eds.).
12. Association A.P. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 2000, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC. 4th edition.
13. Sutor B., Rummans T.A., Jowsey S.G., et al. Major depression in medically ill patients. Mayo Clin Proc 1998, 73:329-337.
14. Rudisch B., Nemeroff C.B. Epidemiology of comorbid coronary artery disease and depression. Biol Psychiatry 2003, 54:227-240.
15. Flores B.H., Musselman D.L., DeBattista C., et al. Biology of mood disorders. The American psychiatric publishing textbook of psychopharmacology 2004, 717-763. American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington (VA). C.B. Nemeroff, A.F. Schatzberg (Eds.).
16. Nemeroff C.B., Musselman D.L. Are platelets the link between depression and ischemic heart disease?. Am Heart J 2000, 140:57-62.
17. Hughes J.W., Stoney C.M. Depressed mood is related to high-frequency heart rate variability during stressors. Psychosom Med 2000, 62:796-803.
18. Miller G.E., Stetler C.A., Carney R.M., et al. Clinical depression and inflammatory risk markers for coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 2002, 90:1279-1283.
19. Otte C., Marmar C.R., Pipkin S.S., et al. Depression and 24-hour urinary cortisol in medical outpatients with coronary heart disease: the Heart and Soul Study. Biol Psychiatry 2004, 56:241-247.
20. Musselman D.L., Nemeroff C.B. Depression really does hurt your heart: stress, depression, and cardiovascular disease. Prog Brain Res 2000, 122:43-59.
21. Frasure-Smith N., Lesperance F., Talajic M. Depression following myocardial infarction. Impact on 6-month survival. JAMA 1993, 270:1819-1825.
22. Burg M.M., Abrams D. Depression in chronic medical illness: the case of coronary heart disease. J Clin Psychol 2001, 57:1323-1337.
23. Althof S. Depression and erectile dysfunction. Men's Sexual Health Consultation Collections November 2006, 29-34.
24. Montorsi F., Adaikan G., Becher E., et al. Summary of the recommendations on sexual dysfunctions in men. J Sex Med 2010, 7:3572-3588.
25. Rosen R., Shabsigh R., Berber M., et al. Efficacy and tolerability of vardenafil in men with mild depression and erectile dysfunction: the depression-related improvement with vardenafil for erectile response study. Am J Psychiatry 2006, 163:79-87.
26. Seidman S.N., Roose S.P., Menza M.A., et al. Treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with depressive symptoms: results of a placebo-controlled trial with sildenafil citrate. Am J Psychiatry 2001, 158:1623-1630.
27. Shabsigh R., Klein L.T., Seidman S., et al. Increased incidence of depressive symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction. Urology 1998, 52:848-852.
28. Roose S.P., Glassman A.H., Walsh B.T., et al. Reversible loss of nocturnal penile tumescence during depression: a preliminary report. Neuropsychobiology 1982, 8:284.
29. Thase M.E., Reynolds C.F., Glanz L.M., et al. Nocturnal penile tumescence in depressed men. Am J Psychiatry 1987, 144:89-92.
30. Thase M.E., Reynolds C.F., Jennings J.R., et al. Diminished nocturnal penile tumescence in depression: a replication study. Biol Psychiatry 1992, 31:1136-1142.
31. Nofzinger E.A., Thase M.E., Reynolds C.F., et al. Sexual function in depressed men: assessment by self-report, behavioral, and nocturnal penile tumescence measures before and after treatment with cognitive behavior therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993, 50:24.
32. Strand J., Wise T.N., Fagan P.J., et al. Erectile dysfunction and depression: category or dimension?. J Sex Marital Ther 2002, 28:175-181.
33. Seidman S.N., Roose S.P. The relationship between depression and erectile dysfunction. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2000, 2:201-205.
34. Bancroft J., Janssen E. The dual control model of male sexual response: a theoretical approach to centrally mediated erectile dysfunction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2000, 24:571-579.
35. Integration of sex therapy and pharmacological therapy in FSD Female Sexual Dysfunction 2005: a multidisciplinary update on female sexual dysfunction 2005, 153-178. Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (NY). M. Perelman (Ed.).
36. Prevalence, definition, etiology and diagnosis of premature ejaculation: D. o. U. Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Trans. In: Male Sexual Dysfunction 2005, 75-79. Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Urology, New York. M. Perelman (Ed.).
37. Perelman M. Idiosyncratic masturbation patterns: a key unexplored variable in the treatment of retarded ejaculation by the practicing urologist. J Urol 2005, 173(4):340. [abstract: 1254].
38. Perelman M.A. The sexual tipping point: a mind/body model for sexual medicine. J Sex Med 2009, 6:629-632.
39. Bancroft J. Central inhibition of sexual response in the male: a theoretical perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1999, 23:763-784.
40. Kaplan H.S. The evaluation of sexual disorders: psychologic and medical aspects 1995, Brunner/Mazel, New York.
41. Perelman M.A. Integrating sildenafil and sex therapy: unconsummated marriage secondary to ED and RE. J Sex Educ Ther 2001, 26:13-21.
42. Waldinger M.D. The neurobiological approach to premature ejaculation. J Urol 2002, 168:2359-2367.
43. Waldinger M.D., Zwinderman A.H., Olivier B., et al. Proposal for a definition of lifelong premature ejaculation based on epidemiological stopwatch data. J Sex Med 2005, 2:498-507.
44. Kupelian V., Shabsigh R., Araujo A.B., et al. Erectile dysfunction as a predictor of the metabolic syndrome in aging men: results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol 2006, 176:222-226.
45. Pope H.G., Cohane G.H., Kanayama G., et al. Testosterone gel supplementation for men with refractory depression: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 2003, 160:105-111.
46. Seidman S.N. Exploring the relationship between depression and erectile dysfunction in aging men. J Clin Psychiatry 2002, 63(Suppl 5):5-12. [discussion: 23-5].
47. Traish A.M., Feeley R.J., Guay A. Mechanisms of obesity and related pathologies: androgen deficiency and endothelial dysfunction may be the link between obesity and erectile dysfunction. FEBS J 2009, 276:5755-5767.
48. Rosen R.C. Psychogenic erectile dysfunction. Classification and management. Urol Clin North Am 2001, 28:269-278.
49. Zilbergeld B. The new male sexuality 1999, Bantam Books, New York. Revised edition.
50. Masters W.H., Johnson V.E. Human sexual inadequacy 1970, Little, Brown & Co, Boston.
51. Sexual medicine: sexual dysfunctions in men and women 2004, Health Publications, Paris. T.F. Lue, R. Basson, R. Rosen (Eds.).
52. Segraves R.T., Balon R. Sexual pharmacology fast facts 2003, W.W. Norton & Company, New York.
53. Ashton A.K. The new sexual pharmacology - a guide for the clinician. Principles and practice of sex therapy 2007, 509-541. The Guilford Press, New York. S. Leiblum (Ed.).
54. Frank E., Kupfer D.J., Perel J.M., et al. Three-year outcomes for maintenance therapies in recurrent depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990, 47:1093-1099.
55. Mueller T.I., Leon A.C., Keller M.B., et al. Recurrence after recovery from major depressive disorder during 15 years of observational follow-up. Am J Psychiatry 1999, 156:1000-1006.
56. Clayton A.H., Pradko J.F., Croft H.A., et al. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction among newer antidepressants. J Clin Psychiatry 2002, 63:357-366.
57. Montejo-Gonzalez A.L., Llorca G., Izquierdo J.A., et al. SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction: fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and fluvoxamine in a prospective, multicenter, and descriptive clinical study of 344 patients. J Sex Marital Ther 1997, 23:176-194.
58. Segraves R.T. Sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant therapy. Urol Clin North Am 2007, 34:575-579. vii.
59. Halaris A. Neurochemical aspects of the sexual response cycle. CNS Spectr 2003, 8:211-216.
60. Finkel M.S., Laghrissi-Thode F., Pollock B.G., et al. Paroxetine is a novel nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Psychopharmacol Bull 1996, 32:653-658.
61. Segraves R.T., Lee J., Stevenson R., et al. Tadalafil for treatment of erectile dysfunction in men on antidepressants. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2007, 27:62-66.
62. Kaplan H.S. The new sex therapy 1974, Brunner/Mazel, New York.
63. Althof S.E. Therapeutic weaving: the integration of treatment techniques. Handbook of clinical sexuality for mental health professionals 2003, 359-376. Brunner-Routledge, New York. S.B. Levine (Ed.).
64. Perelman M.A. Sex coaching for physicians: combination treatment for patient and partner. Int J Impot Res 2003, 15(Suppl 5):S67-S74.
65. Perelman M.A. Combination therapy for sexual dysfunction: integrating sex therapy and pharmacotherapy. Handbook of sexual dysfunction 2005, 13-41. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton (FL). R. Balon, R.T. Segraves (Eds.).
66. Althof S.E. When an erection alone is not enough: biopsychosocial obstacles to lovemaking. Int J Impot Res 2002, 14(Suppl 1):S99-S104.
67. Perelman M.A. Psychosocial history. Women's sexual function and dysfunction: study, diagnosis and treatment 2006, 336-342. Taylor and Francis, London. I. Goldstein, C.M. Meston, S.R. Davis (Eds.).
68. Perelman M.A. Commentary: pharmacological agents for erectile dysfunction and the human sexual response cycle. J Sex Marital Ther 1998, 24:309-312.
69. Kroenke K., Spitzer R.L., Williams J.B. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001, 16:606-613.
70. Williams J.W.J., Noel P.H., Cordes J.A., et al. Is this patient clinically depressed?. JAMA 2002, 287:1160-1170.
71. Perelman M.A. Integrated sex therapy: a psychosocial-cultural perspective integrating behavioral, cognitive, and medical approaches. Textbook of erectile dysfunction 2008, 298-305. Informa Healthcare, London. C.C. Carson, R.S. Kirby, I. Goldstein (Eds.).
72. McCarthy B.W. Relapse prevention strategies and techniques with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Marital Ther 2001, 27:1-8.
73. Balon R. The effects of antidepressants on human sexuality: diagnosis and management. Prim Psychiatr 1995, 2:2-10.
74. Rosen R.C., Marin H. Prevalence of antidepressant-associated erectile dysfunction. J Clin Psychiatry 2003, 64(Suppl 10):5-10.
75. Ashton A.K., Rosen R.C. Accommodation to serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced sexual dysfunction. J Sex Marital Ther 1998, 24:191-192.
76. Rothschild A.J. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced sexual dysfunction: efficacy of a drug holiday. Am J Psychiatry 1995, 152:1514-1516.
77. Croft H., Settle E.J., Houser T., et al. A placebo-controlled comparison of the antidepressant efficacy and effects on sexual functioning of sustained-release bupropion and sertraline. Clin Ther 1999, 21:643-658.
78. Coleman C.C., King B.R., Bolden-Watson C., et al. A placebo-controlled comparison of the effects on sexual functioning of bupropion sustained release and fluoxetine. Clin Ther 2001, 23:1040-1058.
79. Coleman C.C., Cunningham L.A., Foster V.J., et al. Sexual dysfunction associated with the treatment of depression: a placebo-controlled comparison of bupropion sustained release and sertraline treatment. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1999, 11:205-215.
80. Segraves R.T., Kavoussi R., Hughes A.R., et al. Evaluation of sexual functioning in depressed outpatients: a double-blind comparison of sustained-release bupropion and sertraline treatment. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2000, 20:122-128.
81. Walker P.W., Cole J.O., Gardner E.A., et al. Improvement in fluoxetine-associated sexual dysfunction in patients switched to bupropion. J Clin Psychiatry 1993, 54:459-465.
82. Modell J.G., Katholi C.R., Modell J.D., et al. Comparative sexual side effects of bupropion, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997, 61:476-487.
83. Labbate L.A., Brodrick P.S., Nelson R.P., et al. Effects of bupropion sustained-release on sexual functioning and nocturnal erections in healthy men. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001, 21:99-103.
84. Clayton A.H., McGarvey E.L., Abouesh A.I., et al. Substitution of an SSRI with bupropion sustained release following SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction. J Clin Psychiatry 2001, 62:185-190.
85. Feiger A., Kiev A., Shrivastava R.K., et al. Nefazodone versus sertraline in outpatients with major depression: focus on efficacy, tolerability, and effects on sexual function and satisfaction. J Clin Psychiatry 1996, 57(Suppl 2):53-62.
86. Ferguson J.M., Shrivastava R.K., Stahl S.M., et al. Reemergence of sexual dysfunction in patients with major depressive disorder: double-blind comparison of nefazodone and sertraline. J Clin Psychiatry 2001, 62:24-29.
87. Kennedy S.H., Eisfeld B.S., Dickens S.E., et al. Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction during treatment with moclobemide, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine. J Clin Psychiatry 2000, 61:276-281.
88. Delgado P.L., Brannan S.K., Mallinckrodt C.H., et al. Sexual functioning assessed in 4 double-blind placebo- and paroxetine-controlled trials of duloxetine for major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2005, 66:686-692.
89. Ashton A.K. Reversal of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction by switching to escitalopram. J Sex Marital Ther 2005, 31(3):257-262.
90. Nafziger A.N., Bertino J.S.J., Goss-Bley A.I., et al. Incidence of sexual dysfunction in healthy volunteers on fluvoxamine therapy. J Clin Psychiatry 1999, 60:187-190.
91. Nemeroff C.B., Ninan P.T., Ballenger J., et al. Double-blind multicenter comparison of fluvoxamine versus sertraline in the treatment of depressed outpatients. Depression 1995, 3:163-169.
92. Gardner E.A., Johnston J.A. Bupropion-an antidepressant without sexual pathophysiological action. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1985, 5:24-29.
93. Gelenberg A.J., McGahuey C., Laukes C., et al. Mirtazapine substitution in SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction. J Clin Psychiatry 2000, 61:356-360.
94. Guelfi J.D., Ansseau M., Timmerman L., et al. Mirtazapine versus venlafaxine in hospitalized severely depressed patients with melancholic features. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001, 21:425-431.
95. Clayton A.H. Epidemiology and neurobiology of female sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med 2007, 4(Suppl 4):260-268.
96. Knegtering H., Bruggeman R., Castelein S., et al. Tijdschr Psychiatr 2007, 49:733-742. [in Dutch].
97. Couper-Smartt J.D., Rodham R. A technique for surveying side-effects of tricyclic drugs with reference to reported sexual effects. J Int Med Res 1973, 1:473-476.
98. Karp J.F., Frank E., Ritenour A., et al. Imipramine and sexual dysfunction during the long-term treatment of recurrent depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 1994, 11:21-27.
99. Mavissakalian M., Perel J., Guo S. Specific side effects of long-term imipramine management of panic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2002, 22:155-161.
100. Kiev A., Feiger A. A double-blind comparison of fluvoxamine and paroxetine in the treatment of depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry 1997, 58:146-152.
101. Perelman M.A., McMahon C., Barada J. Evaluation and treatment of the ejaculatory disorders. Atlas of male sexual dysfunction 2004, 127-157. Current Medicine, Inc, Philadelphia. T. Lue (Ed.).
102. Csoka A.B., Shipko S. Persistent sexual side effects after SSRI discontinuation. Psychother Psychosom 2006, 75:187-188.
103. Othmer E., Othmer S.C. Effect of buspirone on sexual dysfunction in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1987, 48:201-203.
104. Norden M.J. Buspirone treatment of sexual dysfunction associated with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. Depression 1994, 2:109-112.
105. Ashton A.K., Ahrens K., Gupta S., et al. Ginkgo biloba: Efficacy in SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction. Am J Psychiatry 2000, 157:836-837.
106. Cohen A.J., Bartlik B. Ginkgo biloba for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. J Sex Marital Ther 1998, 24:139-143.
107. Levine S.B. Caution recommended. J Sex Marital Ther 1999, 25:2-5.
108. McCormick S., Olin J., Brotman A.W. Reversal of fluoxetine-induced anorgasmia by cyproheptadine in two patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1990, 51:383-384.
109. Feder R. Reversal of antidepressant activity of fluoxetine by cyproheptadine in three patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1991, 52:163-164.
110. Lauerma H. Successful treatment of citalopram-induced anorgasmia by cyproheptadine. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996, 93:69-70.
111. Keller Ashton A., Hamer R., Rosen R.C. Serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced sexual dysfunction and its treatment: a large-scale retrospective study of 596 psychiatric outpatients. J Sex Marital Ther 1997, 23:165-175.
112. Courtois F, Charvier K. [ISSMList] International Society for Sexual Medicine listserv. Available at: Accessed February 9, 2011. mailto:ISSMLIST@ist.issm.info.
113. Bartlik B.D., Kaplan P., Kaplan H.S. Psychostimulants apparently reverse sexual dysfunction secondary to selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. J Sex Marital Ther 1995, 21:264-271.
114. PDR Staff. Physicians desk reference 2005, Thomson, Montvale (NJ).
115. Morales A. Yohimbine in erectile dysfunction: the facts. Int J Impot Res 2000, 12(Suppl 1):S70-S74.
116. Margolis R., Prieto P., Stein L., et al. Statistical summary of 10,000 male cases using Afrodex in treatment of impotence. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1971, 13:616-622.
117. Susset J.G., Tessier C.D., Wincze J., et al. Effect of yohimbine hydrochloride on erectile impotence: a double-blind study. J Urol 1989, 141:1360-1363.
118. Jacobsen F.M. Fluoxetine-induced sexual dysfunction and an open trial of yohimbine. J Clin Psychiatry 1992, 53:119-122.
119. Hollander E., McCarley A. Yohimbine treatment of sexual side effects induced by serotonin reuptake blockers. J Clin Psychiatry 1992, 53:207-209.
120. Michelson D., Kociban K., Tamura R., et al. Mirtazapine, yohimbine or olanzapine augmentation therapy for serotonin reuptake-associated female sexual dysfunction: a randomized, placebo controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res 2002, 36:147-152.
121. Nurnberg H.G., Seidman S.N., Gelenberg A.J., et al. Depression, antidepressant therapies, and erectile dysfunction: clinical trials of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in treated and untreated patients with depression. Urology 2002, 60:58-66.
122. Nurnberg H.G., Gelenberg A., Hargreave T.B., et al. Efficacy of sildenafil citrate for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men taking serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Am J Psychiatry 2001, 158:1926-1928.
123. Fava M., Nurnberg H.G., Seidman S.N., et al. Efficacy and safety of sildenafil in men with serotonergic antidepressant-associated erectile dysfunction: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2006, 67:240-246.
124. Perelman M.A. Treatment of premature ejaculation. Principles and practice of sex therapy 1980, 199-233. Guilford Press, New York. S. Leiblum, L. Pervin (Eds.).
125. Barlow D.H. Causes of sexual dysfunction: the role of anxiety and cognitive interference. J Consult Clin Psychol 1986, 54:140-148.
126. Pampallona S., Bollini P., Tibaldi G., et al. Combined pharmacotherapy and psychological treatment for depression: a systematic review. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004, 61:714-719.
127. Cuijpers P., van Straten A., van Oppen P., et al. Are psychological and pharmacologic interventions equally effective in the treatment of adult depressive disorders? A meta-analysis of comparative studies. J Clin Psychiatry 2008, 69:1675-1685. [quiz: 1839-41].
128. Melnik T., Soares B.G., Nasselo A.G. Psychosocial interventions for erectile dysfunction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007, 3. CD004825.