Does the presence of women really matter? towards combating male sexual violence in peacekeeping operations

International Peacekeeping

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 188-199

  Simić, Olivera ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79956257214     PISSN: 13533312     EISSN: 1743906X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13533311003625084     Document Type: Article

References (83)

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2. Department of Defence, 'Australian Women in the Australian Defence Force and in Peace Operations (1947-today)', 2002 (at: www.dva.gov.au/commems_oawg/commemorations/education/Documents/DVA_Women_in_War_part6.pdf).
3. See the latest Gender Statistics, Department of Peace Keeping Operations, April 2009 (at: www.un.org/Depts/dpko/dpko/contributors/gender/2009gender/apr09.pdf).
4. UN Security Council resolution 1325, 31 Oct. 2000 (at: www.un.org/events/res_1325e.pdf).
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9. Peace Women, 'UN Chief Seeks Women Peacekeepers to Counter Sexual Violence', 21 June 2008 (at: www.peacewomen.org/un/pkwatch/News/08/womenpeacekeepers.html).
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15. Rehn and Sirleaf(see n.9 above), p.63.
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18. Ibid., p.37.
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21. See, e.g., authors in n.6 above.
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25. UN General Assembly, 'Report of the Secretary-General on Special Measures for Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse', UN doc., A/60/861, 24 May 2006.
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29. UN General Assembly, 'Fourth Committee Concludes Comprehensive Peacekeeping Review, with Delegations Stressing Safety, Security Training, Coordination, Clear Command Structures', UN doc., GA/SPD/385, 5 Nov. 2007.
30. UN Press Release, Secretary-General Kofi Annan, 'Sexual Exploitation "Utterly Immoral, Completely at Odds with United Nations Mission", Says Secretary-General to New York Conference', UN doc., SG/SM/10776, 4 Dec. 2006.
31. Scottish News Edinburgh, 'Peacekeeper Jailed for Porn Films', 22 Dec. 2002 (at: www.prisonplanet.com/peacekeeper_jailed_for_porn_films-retry.html).
32. BBC News, 'Nepal Troops Jailed for Sex Abuse', 22 July 2005 (at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4707965.stm).
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35. In DeGroot, 'Do Women Make Better Peacekeepers', Christian Science Monitor, 14 July 1999.
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39. Sarah Martin, Must Boys Be Boys? Ending Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in UN Peacekeeping Missions, Washington, DC: Refugees International, 2005.
40. Carbone, 'Casualty Avoidance and Force Protection: The Need for Protective Equipment in Peacekeeping. A Peacekeeper Needs More than A Blue Helmet', Peace Operation Training Institute, 2004 (at: www.peaceopstraining.org/theses/carbone.pdf).
41. UN General Assembly, 'Report of the Secretary General on the Implementation of the Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations', UN doc., A/55/502 (2000).
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44. Stephen Chan, 'And What Do Peacekeeping Troops Do Apart from Bury the Dead, Then?', International Relations, 1997,Vol.13, No.5, pp.27-36.
45. UN Security Council resolution 1291, 24 Feb. 2000.
46. Agence France-Presse, 'Ex-UN Employee on Trial in France for Raping African Girls', 9 Sept. 2008 (at: http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jKxmjS-sf6O8LAU7pEoQCRmydXVA).
47. Hudson(see n.34 above).
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49. Peace Women, 'Interview with Carolyn McAskie, Head ofUNPeacekeeping Mission in Burundi', 5 Nov. 2006 (at: www.peacewomen.org/un/pkwatch/News/04/McAskieinterview.html).
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54. Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics, London: University of California Press, 1990.
55. Sheila Jeffreys, 'Double Jeopardy: Women, the US Military and the War in Iraq', Women Studies International Forum, Vol.30, No.1, 2007, pp.16-25.
56. Kathleen Jennings, 'Protecting Whom? Approaches to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in UN Peacekeeping Operations', Fafo Report, Oslo, 2008.
57. Judith Hicks Stiehm, 'Women, Peacekeeping and Peacemaking: Gender Balance and Mainstreaming', in Olsson and Tryggestad (eds), (see n.15 above), p.42.
58. Williams and Bellamy (see n. 41 above), p.1.
59. Valenius (see n. 17 above).
60. Hudson (see n. 34 above).
61. DeGroot (see n. 15 above), p.33.
62. Sandra Whitworth, Men, Militarism and UN Peacekeeping: A Gender Analysis, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2004, p.18.
63. Jane Lloyd, 'Women Peacekeepers Making a Difference', UN Chronicle On Line Edition, 1 June 2006 (at: www.un.org/Pubs/chronicle/2006/issue1/0106p06.htm).
64. UN General Assembly (see n.22 above), p.43.
65. UN News Centre, 'UN Police Workshop in Italy Is Latest Effort to Attract More Female Officers into the Force', 17 Mar. 2007 (at: www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID1/421905&Cr1/4police&Cr1).
66. Jennings (see n.52 above), p.30.
67. Hudson (see n.34 above).
68. Inger Skjelbesk, 'Is Femininity Inherently Peaceful? The Construction of Femininity in the War', in Skjelbesk and Hermione Smith (eds), Gender, Peace and Conflict, London: Sage, 2001, p.71.
69. Kari Karame, 'Women in Military Positions in Peace Operations: Experiences of the Norwegian Battalion in UNIFINL 1978-1998', International Peacekeeping, Vol.8, No.9, 2001, p.89.
70. Schoetzan (see n.49 above).
71. Gerard DeGroot, 'Gender Mainstreaming for a Sustainable Peace', International Relations and Security Network, Zurich, 2009 (at: www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Current-Affairs/Special-Reports/Reform-or-Stasis-Women-and-Peace-Operations/Editorial).
72. Whitworth (see n.58 above).
73. Martin (see n.37 above).
74. DeGroot (see n.15 above).
75. Sion (see n.50 above), p.561.
76. Väyrynen (see n.1 above), p.137.
77. Lloyd S (see n.59 above).
78. Will Ross, 'Liberia Gets All-Female Force', BBC News, Liberia, 31 Jan. 2007 (at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6316387.stm).
79. Jeffreys (see n.52 above).
80. Ian Munro, 'UN Chief Seeks Women Peacekeepers to Counter Sexual Violence', The Age (Melbourne), 20 June 2008 (at: www.watoday.com.au/world/un-chief-seeks-women-eacekeepersto-counter-sexual-violence-20080621-2uer.html).
81. As a response to growing criticism of the sexual activities of UN peacekeeping personnel in Cambodia, the mission's Special Representative, Yasushi Akashi, reportedly took the view that 'boys will be boys' and no disciplinary action was taken against peacekeepers.
82. Martin(see n.37above), p.4.
83. Jennings(see n.52 above).