메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 166, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 493-506

The relative influence of competition and prey defences on the trophic structure of animalivorous bat ensembles

Author keywords

Allotonic frequency hypothesis; Community structure; Diet; Ecomorphology; Null models

Indexed keywords

BAT; BODY SIZE; COEXISTENCE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; COMPETITION (ECOLOGY); CORRELATION; DEFENSE BEHAVIOR; DIETARY SHIFT; ECHOLOCATION; ECOMORPHOLOGY; FECUNDITY; FILTER; FORAGE; FREQUENCY ANALYSIS; HABITAT USE; MOTH; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NICHE; NUMERICAL MODEL; PHENOTYPE; PHYLOGENY; PREDATION RISK; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; SYMPATRY; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; WING MORPHOLOGY;

EID: 79956051163     PISSN: 00298549     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1854-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (44)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 0033401127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bat attacks and moth defensive behaviour around streetlights
    • Acharya L, Fenton MB (1999) Bat attacks and moth defensive behaviour around streetlights. Can J Zool 77: 27-33.
    • (1999) Can J Zool , vol.77 , pp. 27-33
    • Acharya, L.1    Fenton, M.B.2
  • 2
    • 0023468488 scopus 로고
    • Morphology, echolocation and resource partitioning in insectivorous bats
    • Aldridge HDJN, Rautenbach IL (1987) Morphology, echolocation and resource partitioning in insectivorous bats. J Anim Ecol 56: 763-778.
    • (1987) J Anim Ecol , vol.56 , pp. 763-778
    • Aldridge, H.D.J.N.1    Rautenbach, I.L.2
  • 3
    • 0031060780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flight and echolocation in the ecology and evolution of bats
    • Arita HT, Fenton MB (1997) Flight and echolocation in the ecology and evolution of bats. Trends Ecol Evol 12: 53-58.
    • (1997) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.12 , pp. 53-58
    • Arita, H.T.1    Fenton, M.B.2
  • 4
    • 0030828554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic resource partitioning and competition between the two sibling bat species Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii
    • Arlettaz R, Perrin N, Hausser J (1997) Trophic resource partitioning and competition between the two sibling bat species Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii. J Anim Ecol 66: 897-911.
    • (1997) J Anim Ecol , vol.66 , pp. 897-911
    • Arlettaz, R.1    Perrin, N.2    Hausser, J.3
  • 5
    • 0030660088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diets of two phonic types of the bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus in Britain
    • Barlow KE (1997) The diets of two phonic types of the bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus in Britain. J Zool 243: 597-609.
    • (1997) J Zool , vol.243 , pp. 597-609
    • Barlow, K.E.1
  • 6
    • 0038325772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for phylogenetic signal in comparative data: behavioural traits are more labile
    • Blomberg SP, Garland Jnr T, Ives A (2003) Testing for phylogenetic signal in comparative data: behavioural traits are more labile. Evolution 57: 717-745.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 717-745
    • Blomberg, S.P.1    Garland Jr., T.2    Ives, A.3
  • 7
    • 0032963592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between echolocation calls, morphology and diet in insectivorous bats
    • Bogdanowicz W, Fenton MB, Daleszczyk K (1999) The relationship between echolocation calls, morphology and diet in insectivorous bats. J Zool 247: 381-393.
    • (1999) J Zool , vol.247 , pp. 381-393
    • Bogdanowicz, W.1    Fenton, M.B.2    Daleszczyk, K.3
  • 8
    • 65949122093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species on the menu of a generalist predator, the eastern bat (Lasiurus borealis): using a molecular approach to detect arthropod prey
    • Clare EL, Fraser EE, Braid HE, Fenton MB, Hebert PDN (2009) Species on the menu of a generalist predator, the eastern bat (Lasiurus borealis): using a molecular approach to detect arthropod prey. Mol Ecol 18: 2532-2542.
    • (2009) Mol Ecol , vol.18 , pp. 2532-2542
    • Clare, E.L.1    Fraser, E.E.2    Braid, H.E.3    Fenton, M.B.4    Hebert, P.D.N.5
  • 9
    • 0024188262 scopus 로고
    • Bats and gaps: microchiropteran community structure in a Queensland rain forest
    • Crome FHJ, Richards GC (1988) Bats and gaps: microchiropteran community structure in a Queensland rain forest. Ecology 69: 1960-1969.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 1960-1969
    • Crome, F.H.J.1    Richards, G.C.2
  • 10
    • 23944460316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nuclear DNA phylogenetic perspective on the evolution of echolocation and historic biogeography of extant bats (Chiroptera)
    • Eick GN, Jacobs DS, Matthee CA (2005) A nuclear DNA phylogenetic perspective on the evolution of echolocation and historic biogeography of extant bats (Chiroptera). Mol Biol Evol 22: 1868-1886.
    • (2005) Mol Biol Evol , vol.22 , pp. 1868-1886
    • Eick, G.N.1    Jacobs, D.S.2    Matthee, C.A.3
  • 12
    • 79956022614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of moth trap type on catch size and composition in British Lepidoptera
    • Fayle TM, Sharp RE, Majerus MEN (2007) The effect of moth trap type on catch size and composition in British Lepidoptera. Br J Ent Nat Hist 20: 221-232.
    • (2007) Br J Ent Nat Hist , vol.20 , pp. 221-232
    • Fayle, T.M.1    Sharp, R.E.2    Majerus, M.E.N.3
  • 13
    • 0022203256 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenies and the comparative method
    • Felsenstein J (1985) Phylogenies and the comparative method. Am Nat 125: 1-15.
    • (1985) Am Nat , vol.125 , pp. 1-15
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 14
    • 0020343292 scopus 로고
    • Echolocation calls, insect hearing, and the feeding ecology of insectivorous bats
    • T. H. Kunz (Ed.), New York: Plenum Press
    • Fenton MB (1982) Echolocation calls, insect hearing, and the feeding ecology of insectivorous bats. In: Kunz TH (ed) Ecology of bats. Plenum Press, New York, pp 261-285.
    • (1982) Ecology of Bats , pp. 261-285
    • Fenton, M.B.1
  • 15
    • 0001872770 scopus 로고
    • The influence of moth hearing on bat echolocation strategies
    • Fenton MB, Fullard JH (1979) The influence of moth hearing on bat echolocation strategies. J Comp Physiol A 132: 77-86.
    • (1979) J Comp Physiol A , vol.132 , pp. 77-86
    • Fenton, M.B.1    Fullard, J.H.2
  • 17
    • 0020342786 scopus 로고
    • Echolocation assemblages and their effects on moth auditory systems
    • Fullard JH (1982) Echolocation assemblages and their effects on moth auditory systems. Can J Zool 60: 2572-2576.
    • (1982) Can J Zool , vol.60 , pp. 2572-2576
    • Fullard, J.H.1
  • 18
    • 0013111641 scopus 로고
    • The sensory ecology of moths and bats: global lessons in staying alive
    • D. L. Evans and J. O. Schmidt (Eds.), Albany: State University of New York Press
    • Fullard JH (1990) The sensory ecology of moths and bats: global lessons in staying alive. In: Evans DL, Schmidt JO (eds) Insect defences: adaptive mechanisms and strategies of prey and predators. State University of New York Press, Albany, pp 203-226.
    • (1990) Insect Defences: Adaptive Mechanisms and Strategies of Prey and Predators , pp. 203-226
    • Fullard, J.H.1
  • 19
    • 0000207979 scopus 로고
    • Detection of certain African, insectivorous bats by sympatric moths
    • Fullard JH, Thomas DW (1981) Detection of certain African, insectivorous bats by sympatric moths. J Comp Physiol 143: 363-368.
    • (1981) J Comp Physiol , vol.143 , pp. 363-368
    • Fullard, J.H.1    Thomas, D.W.2
  • 20
    • 0037261659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory encoding during the last moment of a moth's life
    • Fullard JH, Dawson JW, Jacobs DS (2003) Auditory encoding during the last moment of a moth's life. J Exp Biol 206: 281-294.
    • (2003) J Exp Biol , vol.206 , pp. 281-294
    • Fullard, J.H.1    Dawson, J.W.2    Jacobs, D.S.3
  • 21
    • 57449115174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surviving cave bats: auditory and behavioural defences in the Australian noctuid moth, Speiredonia spectans
    • Fullard JH, Jackson ME, Jacobs DS, Pavey CR, Burwell CJ (2008) Surviving cave bats: auditory and behavioural defences in the Australian noctuid moth, Speiredonia spectans. J Exp Biol 211: 3808-3815.
    • (2008) J Exp Biol , vol.211 , pp. 3808-3815
    • Fullard, J.H.1    Jackson, M.E.2    Jacobs, D.S.3    Pavey, C.R.4    Burwell, C.J.5
  • 24
    • 9544236288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource partitioning by two species of vespertilionid bats (Lasiurus cinereus and Lasiurus borealis) feeding around streetlights
    • Hickey MBC, Acharya L, Pennington S (1996) Resource partitioning by two species of vespertilionid bats (Lasiurus cinereus and Lasiurus borealis) feeding around streetlights. J Mammal 77: 325-334.
    • (1996) J Mammal , vol.77 , pp. 325-334
    • Hickey, M.B.C.1    Acharya, L.2    Pennington, S.3
  • 25
    • 0002639129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific variation in wingspan and echolocation call flexibility might explain the use of different habitats by the insectivorous bat, Miniopterus schreibersii (Vespertilionidae: Miniopterinae)
    • Jacobs DS (1999) Intraspecific variation in wingspan and echolocation call flexibility might explain the use of different habitats by the insectivorous bat, Miniopterus schreibersii (Vespertilionidae: Miniopterinae). Acta Chiropt 1: 93-103.
    • (1999) Acta Chiropt , vol.1 , pp. 93-103
    • Jacobs, D.S.1
  • 26
    • 0000580963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community level support for the allotonic frequency hypothesis
    • Jacobs DS (2000) Community level support for the allotonic frequency hypothesis. Acta Chiropt 2: 197-207.
    • (2000) Acta Chiropt , vol.2 , pp. 197-207
    • Jacobs, D.S.1
  • 27
    • 77950833849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Niche differentiation in two sympatric sibling bat species Scotophilus dinganii and Scotophilus mhlanganii
    • Jacobs DS, Barclay RMR (2009) Niche differentiation in two sympatric sibling bat species Scotophilus dinganii and Scotophilus mhlanganii. J Mammal 90: 879-887.
    • (2009) J Mammal , vol.90 , pp. 879-887
    • Jacobs, D.S.1    Barclay, R.M.R.2
  • 28
    • 23044482034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging and roosting ecology of a rare insectivorous bat species, Laephotis wintoni (Thomas, 1901), Vespertilionidae
    • Jacobs DS, Barclay RMR, Schoeman MC (2005) Foraging and roosting ecology of a rare insectivorous bat species, Laephotis wintoni (Thomas, 1901), Vespertilionidae. Acta Chiropt 7: 101-109.
    • (2005) Acta Chiropt , vol.7 , pp. 101-109
    • Jacobs, D.S.1    Barclay, R.M.R.2    Schoeman, M.C.3
  • 29
    • 34248662397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The allometry of echolocation call frequencies of insectivorous bats: why do some species deviate from the pattern?
    • Jacobs DS, Barclay RMR, Walker MH (2007) The allometry of echolocation call frequencies of insectivorous bats: why do some species deviate from the pattern? Oecologia 152: 583-594.
    • (2007) Oecologia , vol.152 , pp. 583-594
    • Jacobs, D.S.1    Barclay, R.M.R.2    Walker, M.H.3
  • 30
    • 56449100231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beware of bats, beware of birds: the auditory responses of eared moths to bat and bird predation
    • Jacobs DS, Ratcliffe JM, Fullard JH (2008) Beware of bats, beware of birds: the auditory responses of eared moths to bat and bird predation. Behav Ecol 19: 1333-1342.
    • (2008) Behav Ecol , vol.19 , pp. 1333-1342
    • Jacobs, D.S.1    Ratcliffe, J.M.2    Fullard, J.H.3
  • 31
    • 0002256701 scopus 로고
    • Bats vs moths: studies on the diets of rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats support the allotonic frequency hypothesis
    • I. Horácek and V. Vohralik (Eds.), Prague: Charles University Press
    • Jones G (1992) Bats vs moths: studies on the diets of rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats support the allotonic frequency hypothesis. In: Horácek I, Vohralik V (eds) Prague studies in mammalogy. Charles University Press, Prague, pp 87-92.
    • (1992) Prague Studies in Mammalogy , pp. 87-92
    • Jones, G.1
  • 32
    • 0034702754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moth hearing in response to bat echolocation calls manipulated independently in time and frequency
    • Jones G, Waters DA (2000) Moth hearing in response to bat echolocation calls manipulated independently in time and frequency. P R Soc Lond B 267: 1627-1632.
    • (2000) P R Soc Lond B , vol.267 , pp. 1627-1632
    • Jones, G.1    Waters, D.A.2
  • 33
    • 0033849686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource partitioning in rhinolophoid bats revisited
    • Kingston T, Jones G, Zubaid A, Kunz TH (2000) Resource partitioning in rhinolophoid bats revisited. Oecologia 124: 332-342.
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.124 , pp. 332-342
    • Kingston, T.1    Jones, G.2    Zubaid, A.3    Kunz, T.H.4
  • 34
    • 0023483894 scopus 로고
    • Animal-habitat relationships in the Knysna Forest, South Africa: discrimination between forest types by birds and invertebrates
    • Koen JH, Crowe TM (1987) Animal-habitat relationships in the Knysna Forest, South Africa: discrimination between forest types by birds and invertebrates. Oecologia 72: 414-422.
    • (1987) Oecologia , vol.72 , pp. 414-422
    • Koen, J.H.1    Crowe, T.M.2
  • 35
    • 0021037187 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of faecal analysis for determining food habits of insectivorous bats
    • Kunz TH, Whitaker JO (1983) An evaluation of faecal analysis for determining food habits of insectivorous bats. Can J Zool 61: 1317-1321.
    • (1983) Can J Zool , vol.61 , pp. 1317-1321
    • Kunz, T.H.1    Whitaker, J.O.2
  • 36
    • 0001394873 scopus 로고
    • Overlap, similarity, and competition coefficients
    • Lawlor LR (1980) Overlap, similarity, and competition coefficients. Ecology 61: 245-251.
    • (1980) Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 245-251
    • Lawlor, L.R.1
  • 39
    • 0025660524 scopus 로고
    • Foraging ecology of bats observed at De Hoop Nature Reserve, southern Cape Province
    • McDonald JT, Rautenbach IL, Nel JAJ (1990) Foraging ecology of bats observed at De Hoop Nature Reserve, southern Cape Province. S Afr J Wildl Res 20: 133-144.
    • (1990) S Afr J Wildl Res , vol.20 , pp. 133-144
    • McDonald, J.T.1    Rautenbach, I.L.2    Nel, J.A.J.3
  • 41
    • 33748561824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological assembly mechanisms in Neotropical bat assemblages and ensembles within a landscape
    • Moreno CE, Arita HT, Solis L (2006) Morphological assembly mechanisms in Neotropical bat assemblages and ensembles within a landscape. Oecologia 149: 133-140.
    • (2006) Oecologia , vol.149 , pp. 133-140
    • Moreno, C.E.1    Arita, H.T.2    Solis, L.3
  • 42
    • 47949123310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Afrotemperate, subtropical and azonal forests
    • L. Mucina and M. C. Rutherford (Eds.), Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute
    • Mucina L, Geldenhuys CJ (2006) Afrotemperate, subtropical and azonal forests. In: Mucina L, Rutherford MC (eds) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, vol 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp 585-615.
    • (2006) The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland , vol.19 , pp. 585-615
    • Mucina, L.1    Geldenhuys, C.J.2
  • 45
    • 0000436427 scopus 로고
    • Ecological morphology and flight in bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): wing adaptations, flight performance, foraging strategy and echolocation
    • Norberg UM, Rayner JMV (1987) Ecological morphology and flight in bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): wing adaptations, flight performance, foraging strategy and echolocation. Philos T R Soc B 316: 335-427.
    • (1987) Philos T R Soc B , vol.316 , pp. 335-427
    • Norberg, U.M.1    Rayner, J.M.V.2
  • 46
    • 0029138072 scopus 로고
    • Flexible bat echolocation: the influence of individual, habitat and conspecifics on sonar signal design
    • Obrist MK (1995) Flexible bat echolocation: the influence of individual, habitat and conspecifics on sonar signal design. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 36: 207-219.
    • (1995) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.36 , pp. 207-219
    • Obrist, M.K.1
  • 47
    • 0346842791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic strategies, niche partitioning, and patterns of ecological organization
    • T. H. Kunz and M. B. Fenton (Eds.), Chicago: The University of Chicago Press
    • Patterson BD, Willig MR, Stevens RD (2003) Trophic strategies, niche partitioning, and patterns of ecological organization. In: Kunz TH, Fenton MB (eds) Bat ecology. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 536-579.
    • (2003) Bat Ecology , pp. 536-579
    • Patterson, B.D.1    Willig, M.R.2    Stevens, R.D.3
  • 48
    • 0031911908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bat predation on eared moths: a test of the allotonic frequency hypothesis
    • Pavey CR, Burwell CJ (1998) Bat predation on eared moths: a test of the allotonic frequency hypothesis. Oikos 81: 143-151.
    • (1998) Oikos , vol.81 , pp. 143-151
    • Pavey, C.R.1    Burwell, C.J.2
  • 49
    • 33744950236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between echolocation-call frequency and moth predation of a tropical bat fauna
    • Pavey CR, Burwell CJ, Milne DJ (2006) The relationship between echolocation-call frequency and moth predation of a tropical bat fauna. Can J Zool 84: 425-433.
    • (2006) Can J Zool , vol.84 , pp. 425-433
    • Pavey, C.R.1    Burwell, C.J.2    Milne, D.J.3
  • 50
    • 0002425073 scopus 로고
    • The structure of lizard communities
    • Pianka ER (1973) The structure of lizard communities. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 4: 53-74.
    • (1973) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.4 , pp. 53-74
    • Pianka, E.R.1
  • 51
    • 0024223243 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuations in the availability of arthropods correlated with microchiropteran and avian predator activities
    • Rautenbach IL, Kemp AC, Scholtz CH (1988) Fluctuations in the availability of arthropods correlated with microchiropteran and avian predator activities. Koedoe 31: 77-90.
    • (1988) Koedoe , vol.31 , pp. 77-90
    • Rautenbach, I.L.1    Kemp, A.C.2    Scholtz, C.H.3
  • 52
    • 70349416592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Live where you thrive: joint evolution of habitat choice and local adaptation facilitates specialization and promotes diversity
    • Ravigne V, Dieckmann U, Olivieri I (2009) Live where you thrive: joint evolution of habitat choice and local adaptation facilitates specialization and promotes diversity. Am Nat 174: E141-E169.
    • (2009) Am Nat , vol.174
    • Ravigne, V.1    Dieckmann, U.2    Olivieri, I.3
  • 54
    • 0000625869 scopus 로고
    • Analysing tables of statistical tests
    • Rice WR (1989) Analysing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43: 223-225.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 223-225
    • Rice, W.R.1
  • 55
    • 0020901648 scopus 로고
    • Competition and theory in community ecology
    • Roughgarden J (1983) Competition and theory in community ecology. Am Nat 122: 583-601.
    • (1983) Am Nat , vol.122 , pp. 583-601
    • Roughgarden, J.1
  • 56
    • 77649187571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomes and bioregions of southern Africa
    • L. Mucina and M. C. Rutherford (Eds.), Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute
    • Rutherford MC, Mucina L, Powrie LW (2006a) Biomes and bioregions of southern Africa. In: Mucina L, Rutherford MC (eds) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, vol 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp 30-51.
    • (2006) The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland , vol.19 , pp. 30-51
    • Rutherford, M.C.1    Mucina, L.2    Powrie, L.W.3
  • 58
    • 0027085384 scopus 로고
    • Exploitation of insects around streetlamps in Sweden
    • Rydell J (1992) Exploitation of insects around streetlamps in Sweden. Funct Ecol 9: 744-750.
    • (1992) Funct Ecol , vol.9 , pp. 744-750
    • Rydell, J.1
  • 59
    • 0028894356 scopus 로고
    • Echolocating bats and hearing moths: who are the winners?
    • Rydell J, Jones G, Waters DA (1995) Echolocating bats and hearing moths: who are the winners? Oikos 73: 419-424.
    • (1995) Oikos , vol.73 , pp. 419-424
    • Rydell, J.1    Jones, G.2    Waters, D.A.3
  • 60
    • 77953805444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of sensory ecology for species coexistence: Biased perception links predator diversity to prey size distribution
    • doi10. 1007/s10682-009-9326-0
    • Safi K, Siemers BM (2009) Implications of sensory ecology for species coexistence: biased perception links predator diversity to prey size distribution. Evol Ecol. doi10. 1007/s10682-009-9326-0.
    • (2009) Evol Ecol
    • Safi, K.1    Siemers, B.M.2
  • 61
    • 0026499278 scopus 로고
    • Ecomorphology of insectivorous bats: a test of predictions using two morphologically similar species
    • Saunders MB, Barclay RMR (1992) Ecomorphology of insectivorous bats: a test of predictions using two morphologically similar species. Ecology 73: 1335-1345.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 1335-1345
    • Saunders, M.B.1    Barclay, R.M.R.2
  • 62
    • 0034897661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echolocation by insect-eating bats
    • Schnitzler H-U, Kalko EKV (2001) Echolocation by insect-eating bats. Bioscience 51: 557-569.
    • (2001) Bioscience , vol.51 , pp. 557-569
    • Schnitzler, H.-U.1    Kalko, E.K.V.2
  • 63
    • 0037266834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Support for the allotonic frequency hypothesis in an insectivorous bat community
    • Schoeman MC, Jacobs DS (2003) Support for the allotonic frequency hypothesis in an insectivorous bat community. Oecologia 134: 154-162.
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.134 , pp. 154-162
    • Schoeman, M.C.1    Jacobs, D.S.2
  • 64
    • 56649086540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative influence of competition and prey defences on the phenotypic structures of insectivorous bat ensembles in southern Africa
    • Schoeman MC, Jacobs DS (2008) The relative influence of competition and prey defences on the phenotypic structures of insectivorous bat ensembles in southern Africa. PLoS ONE 3: e3715.
    • (2008) PLoS ONE , vol.3
    • Schoeman, M.C.1    Jacobs, D.S.2
  • 65
    • 0002934590 scopus 로고
    • Resource partitioning in ecological communities
    • Schoener TW (1974) Resource partitioning in ecological communities. Science 185: 27-39.
    • (1974) Science , vol.185 , pp. 27-39
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 66
    • 0004009953 scopus 로고
    • C. H. Scholtz and E. Holm (Eds.), Pretoria: University of Pretoria
    • Scholtz CH, Holm E (eds) (1985) Insects of Southern Africa. University of Pretoria, Pretoria.
    • (1985) Insects of Southern Africa
  • 69
    • 0348196706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bats and moths: what is there left to learn?
    • Waters DA (2003) Bats and moths: what is there left to learn? Physiol Entomol 28: 237-250.
    • (2003) Physiol Entomol , vol.28 , pp. 237-250
    • Waters, D.A.1
  • 70
    • 0001613806 scopus 로고
    • Food habits analysis of insectivorous bats
    • T. H. Kunz (Ed.), Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press
    • Whitaker JO Jr (1988) Food habits analysis of insectivorous bats. In: Kunz TH (ed) Ecological and behavioural methods for the study of bats. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp 171-189.
    • (1988) Ecological and Behavioural Methods for the Study of Bats , pp. 171-189
    • Whitaker Jr., J.O.1
  • 71
    • 0002138543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in the diet of the Indian pygmy bat, Pipistrellus mimus, in southern India
    • Whitaker JO Jr, Suthakar IS, Marimuthu G, Kunz TH (1999) Seasonal variation in the diet of the Indian pygmy bat, Pipistrellus mimus, in southern India. J Mammal 80: 60-70.
    • (1999) J Mammal , vol.80 , pp. 60-70
    • Whitaker Jr., J.O.1    Suthakar, I.S.2    Marimuthu, G.3    Kunz, T.H.4
  • 72
    • 0025670821 scopus 로고
    • Organization in natural assemblages of desert lizards and tropical fishes
    • Winemiller KO, Pianka ER (1990) Organization in natural assemblages of desert lizards and tropical fishes. Ecol Monogr 60: 27-55.
    • (1990) Ecol Monogr , vol.60 , pp. 27-55
    • Winemiller, K.O.1    Pianka, E.R.2
  • 73
    • 0004252445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4th edn., Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall
    • Zar JH (1999) Biostatistical analysis, 4th edn. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
    • (1999) Biostatistical Analysis
    • Zar, J.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.