The rise in narghile (shisha, hookah) waterpipe tobacco smoking: A qualitative study of perceptions of smokers and non smokers

BMC Public Health

Volumn 11, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Nakkash, Rima T ^a   Khalil, Joanna ^a   Afifi, Rema A ^a  

^a AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT   (Lebanon)

Author keywords

FCTC; Lebanon; Qualitative Research; Waterpipe tobacco smoking

Indexed keywords

WATER;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; INTERVIEW; LEBANON; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SMOKING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; FEMALE; FOCUS GROUPS; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; LEBANON; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SMOKING; WATER; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79955846353     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712458     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-315     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. The waterpipe: time for action. W Maziak, Addiction 2008 103 1763 1767 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02327.x 18778388
2. Patterns of tobacco use: results from GYTS in Lebanon. G Saade S Abou Jaoude R Afifi Soweid CW Warren NR Jones, East Mediterr Health J 2008 14 6 1280 1289 19161103
3. Tobacco use by university students, Lebanon, 2001. H Tamim A Terro H Kassem A Ghazi TA Khamis MM Hay U Musharrafieh, Addiction 2003 98 933 939 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00413.x 12814499 (Pubitemid 36808260)
4. Change in tobacco use among 13-15 year olds between 1999 and 2008: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. CW Warren V Lea J Lee NR Jones S Asma M McKenna, Glob Health Promot 2009 16 38 90 10.1177/1757975909342192 19770234
5. Water-pipe tobacco smoking among middle and high school students in Arizona. BA Primack M Walsh C Bryce T Eissenberg, Pediatrics 2009 123 282 e288 10.1542/peds.2008-1663 19171581
6. Waterpipe smoking in students: prevalence, risk factors, symptoms of addiction, and smoke intake. Evidence from one British university. D Jackson P Aveyard, BMC Public Health 2008 8 174 10.1186/1471-2458-8-174 18498653
7. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, "tar", and nicotine in the mainstream smoke aerosol of the narghile waterpipe. A Shihadeh R Saleh, Food Chem Toxicol 2005 43 5 655 661 10.1016/j.fct.2004.12.013 15778004 (Pubitemid 40381167)
8. Estimating the beginning of the waterpipe epidemic in Syria. S Rastam KD Ward T Eissenberg W Maziak, BMC Public Health 2004 4 32 36 10.1186/1471-2458-4- 32 15294023
9. Volatile aldehydes in the mainstream smoke of the narghile waterpipe. M Al Rashidi A Shihadeh NA Saliba, Food Chem Toxicol 2008 46 3546 3549 10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.007 18834915
10. Tobacco smoking using a waterpipe: a re-emerging strain in a global epidemic. W Maziak KD Ward RA Afifi Soweid T Eissenberg, Tob Control 2004 13 327 333 10.1136/tc.2004.008169 15564614 (Pubitemid 39635917)
11. World Health Organization, TobReg Advisory Note. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: health effects, research needs and recommended actions by regulators Geneva: World Health Organization 2005
12. Narghile (hubble-bubble) smoking, low birth weight, adn other pregnancy outcomes. I Nuwayhid B Yamout G Azar M Kambris, Am J of Epidem 1998 148 4 375 383 (Pubitemid 28381370)
13. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: an emerging health crisis in the United States. C Cobb KD Ward W Maziak AL Shihadeh T Eissenberg, Am J Health Behav 2010 34 3 275 285 20001185
14. A pleasure among friends: how narghile (waterpipe) smoking differs from cigarette smoking in Syria. F Hammal J Mock KD Ward T Eissenberg W Maziak, Tob Control 2008 17 3 10.1136/tc.2007.020529 18375726
15. Why do qualitative research? R Jones, Br Med J 1995 311 2
16. Qualitative research: Reaching the parts other methods cannot reach: An introduction to qualitative methods in health and health services research. K Pope R Mays, Br Med J 1995 311 42
17. RE Boyatzis, Transforming qualitative information: thematic analysis and code development California: SAGE Publications 1998
18. Focus on qualitative methods: The use of quotes in qualitative research. M Sandelows, Res in Nurs Health 1994 17 6 479 482 10.1002/nur.4770170611
19. Lebanon: Waterpipe line to youth. R Afifi Soweid, Tob Control 2005 14 363 364 16319353
20. The tobacco health nexus? Health messages in narghile advertisement. J Khalil RL Heath RT Nakkash RA Afifi, Tob Control 2009 18 420 421 10.1136/tc.2009.030148 19779065
21. Beliefs and Attitudes related to narghile (waterpipe) smoking among university students in Syria. W Maziak T Eissenberg S Rastam F Hammal T Asfar M Bachir M Fouad K Ward, Ann Epidemiol 2004 14 646 654 10.1016/j.annepidem.2003. 11.003 15380795 (Pubitemid 39233625)
22. ABC of smoking cessation. Population strategies to prevent smoking. K Jamrozik, BMJ 2004 328 759 762 10.1136/bmj.328.7442.759 15044295 (Pubitemid 38406434)
23. The tobacco epidemic: lessons from history. J Slade, J Psychoactive Drugs 1992 24 2 99 109 1507004
24. Designing cigarettes for women: new findings from the tobacco industry documents. CM Carpenter GF Wayne GN Connolly, Addiction 2005 100 6 837 851 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01072.x 15918814 (Pubitemid 40769828)
25. Dealing with an innovative industry: a look at flavored cigarettes promoted by mainstream brands. MJ Lewis O Wackowski, Am J Public Health 2006 96 2 244 251 16380563 (Pubitemid 43167122)
26. Sweet and spicy flavours: new brands for minorities and youth. GN Connolly, Tob Control 2004 13 211 212 10.1136/tc.2004.009191 15333865 (Pubitemid 39451987)
27. The cigarette pack as image: new evidence from tobacco industry documents. M Wakefield C Morley JK Horan KM Cummings, Tob Control 2002 11 73 i80 10.1136/tc.11.suppl-1.i73 11893817
28. The menthol smoker: tobacco industry research on consumer sensory perception of menthol cigarettes and its role in smoking behavior. JM Kreslake GF Wayne GN Connolly, Nicotine Tob Res 2008 10 4 705 715 10.1080/ 14622200801979134 18418792 (Pubitemid 351566556)
29. The role of social networks and media receptivity in predicting age of smoking initiation: a proportional hazards model of risk and protective factors. JB Unger X Chen, Addict Behav 1999 24 3 371 381 10.1016/S0306-4603(98)00102-6 10400276 (Pubitemid 29252587)
30. Receptivity to tobacco advertising and promotions among young adolescents as a predictor of established smoking in young adulthood. EA Gilpin MM White K Messer JP Pierce, Am J Public Health 2007 97 8 1489 1495 10.2105/AJPH.2005. 070359 17600271 (Pubitemid 351377693)
31. Hookah bars in Paris fight smoking ban. F Briaud, New York times 2008 http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/24/world/europe/24iht-hookah.4.12317849.html?-r=1
32. Health warning labeling practices on narghile (shisha, hookah) waterpipe tobacco products and related accessories. R Nakkash J Khalil, Tob Control 2010 19 235 239 10.1136/tc.2009.031773 20501497