Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Atrial appendage closure

Current Cardiology Reports

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 159-166

  Fuller, Cindy J ^a   Reisman, Mark ^a  

^a SWEDISH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Anticoagulation; Atrial fibrillation; Elderly; Left atrial appendage; Secondary prevention; Stroke; Thromboembolism; Transesophageal echocardiography; Transthoracic echocardiography; Warfarin

Indexed keywords

ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; WARFARIN;

ARTICLE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CAUSAL ATTRIBUTION; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY; DEVICE SAFETY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HEART ATRIUM APPENDAGE; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART CATHETER; HEART CATHETERIZATION; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; SURGICAL APPROACH; SUTURING METHOD; THROMBOEMBOLISM;

ANTICOAGULANTS; ATRIAL APPENDAGE; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, TRANSESOPHAGEAL; HUMANS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SECONDARY PREVENTION; STROKE; THROMBOEMBOLISM;

EID: 79955830295     PISSN: 15233782     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-010-0162-1     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1991; 22:983-8.
2. Miyasaka Y, Barnes ME, Gersh BJ et al. Secular trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and implications on the projections for future prevalence. Circulation 2006; 114:119-25.
3. Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154:1449-57.
4. Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1998; 98:946-52. (Pubitemid 28446646)
5. Smith EE, Shobha N, Dai D et al. Risk score for in-hospital ischemic stroke mortality derived and validated within the Get With the Guidelines-Stroke Program. Circulation 2010;122:1496-504.
6. Petrea RE, Beiser AS, Seshadri S et al. Gender differences in stroke incidence and poststroke disability in the Framingham Heart Study. Stroke 2009; 40:1032-7.
7. Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation - executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation). J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48:854-906.
8. Holbrook AM, Pereira JA, Labiris R et al. Systematic overview of warfarin and its drug and food interactions. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165:1095-106. (Pubitemid 40720733)
9. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1139-51.
10. Thambidorai SK, Murray RD, Parakh K et al. Utility of transesophageal echocardiography in identification of thrombogenic milieu in patients with atrial fibrillation (an ACUTE ancillary study). Am J Cardiol 2005; 96:935-41. (Pubitemid 41363763)
11. Healey JS, Crystal E, Lamy A et al. Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study (LAAOS): results of a randomized controlled pilot study of left atrial appendage occlusion during coronary bypass surgery in patients at risk for stroke. Am Heart J 2005; 150:288-93. (Pubitemid 41116255)
12. Bayard YL, Omran H, Neuzil P et al. PLAATO (Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Transcatheter Occlusion) for prevention of cardioembolic stroke in non-anticoagulation eligible atrial fibrillation patients: results from the European PLAATO study. EuroIntervention 2010; 6:220-6.
13. Ernst G, Stollberger C, Abzieher F et al. Morphology of the left atrial appendage. Anat Rec 1995; 242:553-61.
14. Al-Saady NM, Obel OA, Camm AJ. Left atrial appendage: structure, function, and role in thromboembolism. Heart 1999; 82:547-54. (Pubitemid 29515446)
15. Veinot JP, Harrity PJ, Gentile F et al. Anatomy of the normal left atrial appendage: a quantitative study of age-related changes in 500 autopsy hearts: implications for echocardiographic examination. Circulation 1997; 96:3112-5. (Pubitemid 27500115)
16. Su P, McCarthy KP, Ho SY. Occluding the left atrial appendage: anatomical considerations. Heart 2008; 94:1166-70. The authors conclude that the design of occlusion devices needs to take the anatomy of the LAA and surrounding structures of the left atrium into consideration to reduce the risk of peri- and postprocedural adverse events.
17. Fatkin D, Kelly RP, Feneley MP. Relations between left atrial appendage blood flow velocity, spontaneous echocardiographic contrast and thromboembolic risk in vivo. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 23:961-9. (Pubitemid 24090884)
18. Handke M, Harloff A, Hetzel A et al. Left atrial appendage flow velocity as a quantitative surrogate parameter for thromboembolic risk: determinants and relationship to spontaneous echocontrast and thrombus formation - a transesophageal echocardiographic study in 500 patients with cerebral ischemia. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005; 18:1366-72. (Pubitemid 41821184)
19. Beinart R, Heist EK, Newell JB et al. Left Atrial Appendage Dimensions Predict the Risk of Stroke/TIA in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2010, in press.
20. Hart RG, Pearce LA, Albers GW et al. Independent predictors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Neurology 2007; 69:546-54. (Pubitemid 47357261)
21. Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W et al. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA 2001; 285:2864-70.
22. Puwanant S, Varr BC, Shrestha K et al. Role of the CHADS2 score in the evaluation of thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing transesophageal echocardiography before pulmonary vein isolation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54:2032-9.
23. Tang RB, Liu XH, Kalifa J et al. Body mass index and risk of left atrial thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2009; 104:1699-703.
24. 2 score.
25. Lip GY, Frison L, Halperin JL, Lane DA. Identifying patients at high risk for stroke despite anticoagulation. A comparison of contemporary stroke risk stratification schemes in an anticoagulated atrial fibrillation cohort. Stroke 2010; 41: 2731-8.
26. Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2010; 31:2369-429.
27. Uemura T, Kaikita K, Yamabe H et al. Changes in plasma von Willebrand factor and ADAMTS13 levels associated with left atrial remodeling in atrial fibrillation. Thromb Res 2009; 124:28-32.
28. Duygu H, Barisik V, Kurt H et al. Prognostic value of plasma soluble CD40 ligand in patients with chronic non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace 2008; 10:210-214. (Pubitemid 351767700)
29. Alberti S, Angeloni G, Tamburrelli C et al. Platelet-leukocyte mixed conjugates in patients with atrial fibrillation. Platelets 2009; 20:235-41.
30. Schneider B, Stollberger C, Sievers HH. Surgical closure of the left atrial appendage - a beneficial procedure? Cardiology 2005;104:127-32.
31. Dawson AG, Asopa S, Dunning J. Should patients undergoing cardiac surgery with atrial fibrillation have left atrial appendage exclusion? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010; 10:306-11.
32. Kanderian AS, Gillinov AM, Pettersson GB et al. Success of surgical left atrial appendage closure: assessment by transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52:924-9.
33. Salzberg SP, Plass A, Emmert MY et al. Left atrial appendage clip occlusion: early clinical results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;139:1269-74.
34. Bruce CJ, Stanton CM, Asirvatham SJ et al. Percutaneous epicardial left atrial appendage closure: intermediate-term results. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2010, in press.
35. McCarthy PM, Lee R, Foley JL et al. Occlusion of canine atrial appendage using an expandable silicone band. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 140:885-9.
36. Singh SM, Dukkipati SR, d'Avila A et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure with an epicardial suture ligation approach: a prospective randomized pre-clinical feasibility study. Heart Rhythm 2010; 7:370-6.
37. Ostermayer SH, Reisman M, Kramer PH et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion (PLAATO system) to prevent stroke in high-risk patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation: results from the international multi-center feasibility trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46:9-14. (Pubitemid 40905122)
38. Holmes DR, Reddy VY, Turi ZG et al. Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2009; 374:534-42. This article discusses the PROTECT AF trial, which showed that endovascular LAA occlusion was not inferior to warfarin in prevention of stroke in AF patients.
39. Sievert H, Lesh MD, Trepels T et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion to prevent stroke in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: early clinical experience. Circulation 2002; 105:1887-9. (Pubitemid 34437613)
40. Block PC, Burstein S, Casale PN et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion for patients in atrial fibrillation suboptimal for warfarin therapy: 5-year results of the PLAATO (Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Transcatheter Occlusion) Study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2009; 2:594-600.
41. Park JW, Leithauser B, Gerk U et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion (PLAATO) for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: 2-year outcomes. J Invasive Cardiol 2009; 21:446-50.
42. Sick PB, Schuler G, Hauptmann KE et al. Initial worldwide experience with the WATCHMAN left atrial appendage system for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:1490-5. (Pubitemid 46505070)
43. Schwartz RS, Holmes DR, Van Tassel RA et al. Left atrial appendage obliteration: mechanisms of healing and intracardiac integration. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2010; 3:870-7.
44. Hankey GJ. Replacing aspirin and warfarin for secondary stroke prevention: is it worth the costs? Curr Opin Neurol 2010; 23:65-72.
45. Meier B, Palacios I, Windecker S et al. Transcatheter left atrial appendage occlusion with Amplatzer devices to obviate anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003; 60:417-22. (Pubitemid 37356515)
46. Rodes-Cabau J, Champagne J, Bernier M. Transcatheter closure of the left atrial appendage: initial experience with the Amplatzer cardiac plug device. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 76:186-92.