Decreasing trends of bacteraemia among HIV-infected Ugandan adults: Incidence, aetiology, clinical outcomes and effect of antiretroviral therapy in a semi-urban setting (2000-2008)

Tropical Medicine and International Health

Volumn 16, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 756-765

  Muyanja, Stella Zawedde ^a   Larke, Natasha ^b   Rutebarika, Diana ^c   Kaddu, Ismael ^c   Nakubulwa, Susan ^c   Levin, Jonathan ^c   Grosskurth, Heiner ^c   Miiro, George ^c  

^a Infectious Diseases Institute   (Uganda)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^c UGANDA VIRUS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Uganda)

Author keywords

Bacteraemia; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV; Uganda

Indexed keywords

ANTIPYRETIC AGENT; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CEFTRIAXONE; COTRIMOXAZOLE; GENTAMICIN; PENICILLIN G; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE;

ADULT; AGE CLASS; ANTIBIOTICS; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; BACTERIUM; COHORT ANALYSIS; DISEASE INCIDENCE; DISEASE TREATMENT; ETIOLOGY; HEALTH EXPENDITURE; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; IMMUNOASSAY; MORBIDITY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; SUBURBAN AREA; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ADULT; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BACTEREMIA; BLOOD CULTURE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; COHORT ANALYSIS; DRUG UTILIZATION; FEMALE; FEVER; FOLLOW UP; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PROGNOSIS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; TREND STUDY; UGANDA; URBAN AREA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; BACTEREMIA; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE COMBINATION; UGANDA; YOUNG ADULT;

UGANDA;

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE;

EID: 79955756835     PISSN: 13602276     EISSN: 13653156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02754.x     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Arthur G, Nduba VN, Kariuki SM, Kimari J, Bhatt SM & Gilks CF (2001) Trends in bloodstream infections among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults admitted to a hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, during the last decade. Clinical Infectious Diseases 33, 248-256.
2. Brettle RP (1997) Bacterial infections in HIV: the extent and nature of the problem. International Journal of STD and AIDS 8, 5-15.
3. De Gaetano Donati K, Tumbarello M, Tacconelli E et al. (2003) Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the incidence of bacterial infections in HIV-infected subjects. Journal of Chemotherapy 15, 60-65.
4. French N, Nakiyingi J, Carpenter LM et al. (2000) 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults: double-blind, randomised and placebo controlled trial. Lancet 355, 2106-2111.
5. French N, Gordon SB, Mwalukomo T et al. (2010) A trial of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected adults. New England Journal of Medicine 362, 812-822.
6. Gilks CF, Brindle RJ, Otieno LS et al. (1990) Life-threatening bacteraemia in HIV-1 seropositive adults admitted to hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Lancet 336, 545-549.
7. Gordon MA, Walsh AL, Chaponda M et al. (2001) Bacteraemia and mortality among adult medical admissions in Malawi - predominance of non-typhi salmonellae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Journal of Infection 42, 44-49.
8. Grant A, Djomand G & De Cock K (1997) Natural history and spectrum of disease in adults with HIV/AIDS in Africa. AIDS 11, S43-S54.
9. Grau I, Pallares R, Tubau F et al. (2005) Epidemiologic changes in bacteremic pneumococcal disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Archives of Internal Medicine 165, 1533-1540.
10. Heffernan RT, Barrett NL, Gallagher KM et al. (2005) Declining incidence of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections among persons with AIDS in an era of highly active antiretroviral therapy 1995-2000. Journal of Infectious Diseases 191, 2038-2045.
11. Hung CC, Hung MN, Hsueh PR et al. (2007) Risk of recurrent nontyphoid Salmonella bacteremia in HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy and an increasing trend of fluoroquinolone resistance. Clinical Infectious Diseases 45, e60-e67.
12. Jacob ST, Moore CC, Banura P et al. (2009) Severe sepsis in two Ugandan hospitals: a prospective observational study of management and outcomes in a predominantly HIV-1 infected population. PLoS ONE 4, e7782.
13. Kapogiannis BG, Soe MM, Nesheim SR et al. (2008) Trends in bacteremia in the pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy era among HIV-infected children in the US Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study (1986-2004). Pediatrics 121, e1229-e1239.
14. Kassa-Kelembho E, Mbolidi CD, Service YB, Morvan J & Minssart P (2003) Bacteremia in adults admitted to the Department of Medicine of Bangui Community Hospital (Central African Republic). Acta Tropica 89, 67-72.
15. Manfredi R, Nanetti A, Ferri M & Chiodo F (1999) HIV-associated non-mycobacterial sepsis-bacteraemia, before and during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. AIDS 13, 1274-1276.
16. Mayanja BN, Todd J, Hughes P et al. (2010) Septicaemia in a population-based HIV clinical cohort in rural Uganda 1996-2007: incidence, aetiology, antimicrobial drug resistance and impact of antiretroviral therapy. Tropical Medicine and International Health 15, 697-705.
17. Meyer CN, Skinhoj P & Prag J (1994) Bacteremia in HIV-positive and AIDS patients: incidence, species distribution, risk-factors, outcome, and influence of long-term prophylactic antibiotic treatment. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 26, 635-642.
18. Meynard JL, Guiguet M, Fonquernie L et al. (2003) Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the occurrence of bacteraemia in HIV-infected patients and their epidemiologic characteristics. HIV Medicine 4, 127-132.
19. Miiro G, Kayhty H, Watera C et al. (2005) Conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in HIV-infected Ugandans and the effect of past receipt of polysaccharide vaccine. Journal of Infectious Diseases 192, 1801-1805.
20. Miiro G, Todd J, Mpendo J et al. (2009) Reduced morbidity and mortality in the first year after initiating highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) among Ugandan adults. Tropical Medicine & International Health 14, 556-563.
21. Mugyenyi P, Walker AS, Hakim J et al. (2010) Routine versus clinically driven laboratory monitoring of HIV antiretroviral therapy in Africa (DART): a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet 375, 123-131.
22. Pedro-Botet ML, Modol JM, Valles X et al. (2002) Changes in bloodstream infections in HIV-positive patients in a university hospital in Spain (1995-1997). International Journal of Infectious Diseases 6, 17-22.
23. Reddy EA, Shaw AV & Crump JA (2010) Community-acquired bloodstream infections in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infectious Diseases 10, 417-432.
24. Ssali FN, Kamya MR, Wabwire-Mangen F et al. (1998) A prospective study of community-acquired bloodstream infections among febrile adults admitted to Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology 19, 484-489.
25. Tacconelli E, Tumbarello M, De Gaetano K, Cauda R & Ortona L (1998) Highly active antiretroviral therapy decreases the incidence of bacteremia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Clinical Infectious Diseases 27, 901-902.
26. Tumbarello M, Tacconelli E, Donati KG et al. (2000) HIV-associated bacteremia: how it has changed in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 23, 145-151.
27. Vugia DJ, Kiehlbauch JA, Yeboue K et al. (1993) Pathogens and predictors of fatal septicemia associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Ivory Coast, west Africa. Journal of Infectious Diseases 168, 564-570.
28. Watera C, Todd J, Muwonge R et al. (2006) Feasibility and effectiveness of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV-1-infected adults attending an HIV/AIDS clinic in Uganda. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 42, 373-378.
29. WHO (1993) Proposed 'World Health Organization staging system for HIV infection and disease': preliminary testing by an international collaborative cross-sectional study. The WHO International Collaborating Group for the Study of the WHO Staging System. AIDS 7, 711-718.
30. WHO (2005) Interim WHO clinical staging of HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS case definitions for surveillance: African Region. In: WHO, G. (Ed.) who.int/hq/2005/who-HIV-2005.02.pdf.
31. Wininger DA & Fass RJ (2002) Impact of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis on etiology and susceptibilities of pathogens causing human immunodeficiency virus-associated bacteremia. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, 594-597.