메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 221, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 564-573

The cholinergic system and Parkinson disease

Author keywords

Acetylcholine; Alzheimer disease; Cognition; Dementia with Lewy bodies; Dopamine; Motor; Olfaction; Parkinson disease; Parkinson disease with dementia; Positron emission tomography; Single photon emission tomography

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; CHOLINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR; RADIOLIGAND; VESICULAR ACETYLCHOLINE TRANSPORTER;

EID: 79955746757     PISSN: 01664328     EISSN: 18727549     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.12.048     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (420)

References (141)
  • 1
    • 74149085154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of dementia associated with Parkinson disease
    • Aarsland D., Kurz M.W. The epidemiology of dementia associated with Parkinson disease. J Neurol Sci 2009, 10.1016/j.jns.2009.08.034.
    • (2009) J Neurol Sci
    • Aarsland, D.1    Kurz, M.W.2
  • 2
    • 0025803749 scopus 로고
    • Tonically discharging neurons of monkey striatum respond to preparatory and rewarding stimuli
    • Apicella P., Scarnati E., Schultz W. Tonically discharging neurons of monkey striatum respond to preparatory and rewarding stimuli. Exp Brain Res 1991, 84:672-675.
    • (1991) Exp Brain Res , vol.84 , pp. 672-675
    • Apicella, P.1    Scarnati, E.2    Schultz, W.3
  • 3
    • 0020634081 scopus 로고
    • Loss of neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer's disease, paralysis agitans and Korsakoff's Disease
    • Arendt T., Bigl V., Arendt A., Tennstedt A. Loss of neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer's disease, paralysis agitans and Korsakoff's Disease. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1983, 61:101-108.
    • (1983) Acta Neuropathol (Berl) , vol.61 , pp. 101-108
    • Arendt, T.1    Bigl, V.2    Arendt, A.3    Tennstedt, A.4
  • 4
    • 0031828022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain muscarinic receptors in progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease: a positron emission tomographic study
    • Asahina M., Suhara T., Shinotoh H., Inoue O., Suzuki K., Hattori T. Brain muscarinic receptors in progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease: a positron emission tomographic study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998, 65:155-163.
    • (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 155-163
    • Asahina, M.1    Suhara, T.2    Shinotoh, H.3    Inoue, O.4    Suzuki, K.5    Hattori, T.6
  • 5
    • 0022475304 scopus 로고
    • Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the aged human central nervous system
    • Atack J.R., Perry E.K., Bonham J.R., Candy J.M., Perry R.H. Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the aged human central nervous system. J Neurochem 1986, 47:263-277.
    • (1986) J Neurochem , vol.47 , pp. 263-277
    • Atack, J.R.1    Perry, E.K.2    Bonham, J.R.3    Candy, J.M.4    Perry, R.H.5
  • 6
    • 0026501148 scopus 로고
    • Comparative alterations of nico-tinic and muscarinic binding sites in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases
    • Aubert I., Araujo D., Cecyre D., Robitaille Y., Gauthier S., Quirion R. Comparative alterations of nico-tinic and muscarinic binding sites in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. J Neurochem 1992, 58:529-541.
    • (1992) J Neurochem , vol.58 , pp. 529-541
    • Aubert, I.1    Araujo, D.2    Cecyre, D.3    Robitaille, Y.4    Gauthier, S.5    Quirion, R.6
  • 7
    • 0001274747 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: a new hypothesis
    • Barbeau A. The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: a new hypothesis. Can Med Assoc J 1962, 87:802-807.
    • (1962) Can Med Assoc J , vol.87 , pp. 802-807
    • Barbeau, A.1
  • 8
    • 0342656178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of a transient dysexecutive syndrome in Parkinson's disease using a subclinical dose of scopolamine
    • Bedard M.A., Lemay S., Gagnon J.F., Masson H., Paquet F. Induction of a transient dysexecutive syndrome in Parkinson's disease using a subclinical dose of scopolamine. Behav Neurol 1998, 11:187-195.
    • (1998) Behav Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 187-195
    • Bedard, M.A.1    Lemay, S.2    Gagnon, J.F.3    Masson, H.4    Paquet, F.5
  • 9
    • 18744432250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and long-term administration of anticholinergics in Parkinson's disease: specific effects on the subcortico-frontal syndrome
    • Bedard M.A., Pillon B., Dubois B., Duchesne N., Masson H., Agid Y. Acute and long-term administration of anticholinergics in Parkinson's disease: specific effects on the subcortico-frontal syndrome. Brain Cogn 1999, 40:289-313.
    • (1999) Brain Cogn , vol.40 , pp. 289-313
    • Bedard, M.A.1    Pillon, B.2    Dubois, B.3    Duchesne, N.4    Masson, H.5    Agid, Y.6
  • 10
    • 0037075541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A network representation of response probability in the striatum
    • Blazquez P.M., Fujii N., Kojima J., Graybiel A.M. A network representation of response probability in the striatum. Neuron 2002, 33:973-982.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.33 , pp. 973-982
    • Blazquez, P.M.1    Fujii, N.2    Kojima, J.3    Graybiel, A.M.4
  • 12
    • 32844471835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive correlates of cortical cholinergic denervation in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonian dementia
    • Bohnen N.I., Kaufer D.I., Hendrickson R., Ivanco L.S., Lopresti B.J., Constantine G.M., et al. Cognitive correlates of cortical cholinergic denervation in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonian dementia. J Neurol 2006, 253:242-247.
    • (2006) J Neurol , vol.253 , pp. 242-247
    • Bohnen, N.I.1    Kaufer, D.I.2    Hendrickson, R.3    Ivanco, L.S.4    Lopresti, B.J.5    Constantine, G.M.6
  • 13
    • 0347385143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical cholinergic function is more severely affected in parkinsonian dementia than in Alzheimer disease: an in vivo positron emission tomographic study
    • Bohnen N.I., Kaufer D.I., Ivanco L.S., Lopresti B., Koeppe R.A., Davis J.G., et al. Cortical cholinergic function is more severely affected in parkinsonian dementia than in Alzheimer disease: an in vivo positron emission tomographic study. Arch Neurol 2003, 60:1745-1748.
    • (2003) Arch Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 1745-1748
    • Bohnen, N.I.1    Kaufer, D.I.2    Ivanco, L.S.3    Lopresti, B.4    Koeppe, R.A.5    Davis, J.G.6
  • 14
    • 73449090105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of falls in Parkinson disease is associated with reduced cholinergic activity
    • Bohnen N.I., Muller M.L., Koeppe R.A., Studenski S.A., Kilbourn M.A., Frey K.A., et al. History of falls in Parkinson disease is associated with reduced cholinergic activity. Neurology 2009, 73:1670-1676.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.73 , pp. 1670-1676
    • Bohnen, N.I.1    Muller, M.L.2    Koeppe, R.A.3    Studenski, S.A.4    Kilbourn, M.A.5    Frey, K.A.6
  • 15
    • 79955731025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ratings of activities of daily living are associated with cortical cholinergic but not with the degree of nigrostriatal dopaminergic activity in Parkinson disease
    • Bohnen N.I., Muller M.L.T.M., Koeppe R.A., Kilbourn M.A., Frey K.A., Albin R.L. Ratings of activities of daily living are associated with cortical cholinergic but not with the degree of nigrostriatal dopaminergic activity in Parkinson disease. J Nucl Med 2009, 50(Suppl 2):238P.
    • (2009) J Nucl Med , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Bohnen, N.I.1    Muller, M.L.T.M.2    Koeppe, R.A.3    Kilbourn, M.A.4    Frey, K.A.5    Albin, R.L.6
  • 16
    • 0017133142 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter-related enzymes and indices of hypoxia in senile dementia and other abiotrophies
    • Bowen D.M., Smith C.B., White P., Davison A.N. Neurotransmitter-related enzymes and indices of hypoxia in senile dementia and other abiotrophies. Brain 1976, 99:459-496.
    • (1976) Brain , vol.99 , pp. 459-496
    • Bowen, D.M.1    Smith, C.B.2    White, P.3    Davison, A.N.4
  • 17
    • 0036392590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staging of the intracerebral inclusion body pathology associated with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (preclinical and clinical stages)
    • III/1-5
    • Braak H., Del Tredici K., Bratzke H., Hamm-Clement J., Sandmann-Keil D., Rub U. Staging of the intracerebral inclusion body pathology associated with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (preclinical and clinical stages). J Neurol 2002, 249(Suppl 3). III/1-5.
    • (2002) J Neurol , vol.249 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Braak, H.1    Del Tredici, K.2    Bratzke, H.3    Hamm-Clement, J.4    Sandmann-Keil, D.5    Rub, U.6
  • 19
    • 0020632128 scopus 로고
    • Pathological changes in the nucleus of Meynert in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases
    • Candy J.M., Perry R.H., Perry E.K., Irving D., Blessed G., Fairbairn A.F., et al. Pathological changes in the nucleus of Meynert in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. J Neurol Sci 1983, 59:277-289.
    • (1983) J Neurol Sci , vol.59 , pp. 277-289
    • Candy, J.M.1    Perry, R.H.2    Perry, E.K.3    Irving, D.4    Blessed, G.5    Fairbairn, A.F.6
  • 20
    • 79955746807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic augmentation in frequently fallings subjects with Parkinson's disease
    • Chung K.A., Lobb B.M., Nutt J.G., Horak F. Cholinergic augmentation in frequently fallings subjects with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2009, 24(Suppl 1):S259.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Chung, K.A.1    Lobb, B.M.2    Nutt, J.G.3    Horak, F.4
  • 21
    • 0031454241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between dementia and direct involvement of the hippocampus and amygdala in Parkinson's disease
    • Churchyard A., Lees A. The relationship between dementia and direct involvement of the hippocampus and amygdala in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1997, 49:1570-1576.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 1570-1576
    • Churchyard, A.1    Lees, A.2
  • 22
    • 0036186197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical management of Parkinson's disease
    • Clarke C.E. Medical management of Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002, 72(Suppl 1):I22-I27.
    • (2002) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.72 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Clarke, C.E.1
  • 23
    • 0026754804 scopus 로고
    • The alpha 5 gene product assembles with multiple acetylcholine receptor subunits to form distinctive receptor subtypes in brain
    • Conroy W.G., Vernallis A.B., Berg D.K. The alpha 5 gene product assembles with multiple acetylcholine receptor subunits to form distinctive receptor subtypes in brain. Neuron 1992, 9:679-691.
    • (1992) Neuron , vol.9 , pp. 679-691
    • Conroy, W.G.1    Vernallis, A.B.2    Berg, D.K.3
  • 24
    • 28844448732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic modulation of cognitive function-implications for l-DOPA treatment in Parkinson's disease
    • Cools R. Dopaminergic modulation of cognitive function-implications for l-DOPA treatment in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2006, 30:1-23.
    • (2006) Neurosci Biobehav Rev , vol.30 , pp. 1-23
    • Cools, R.1
  • 25
    • 33845696933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-DOPA disrupts activity in the nucleus accumbens during reversal learning in Parkinson's disease
    • Cools R., Lewis S.J., Clark L., Barker R.A., Robbins T.W. l-DOPA disrupts activity in the nucleus accumbens during reversal learning in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007, 32:180-189.
    • (2007) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.32 , pp. 180-189
    • Cools, R.1    Lewis, S.J.2    Clark, L.3    Barker, R.A.4    Robbins, T.W.5
  • 26
    • 0027102421 scopus 로고
    • Different effects of dopaminergic and anticholinergic therapies on cognitive and motor function in Parkinson's disease. A follow-up study of untreated patients
    • Cooper J.A., Sagar H.J., Doherty S.M., Jordan N., Tidswell P., Sullivan E.V. Different effects of dopaminergic and anticholinergic therapies on cognitive and motor function in Parkinson's disease. A follow-up study of untreated patients. Brain 1992, 115:1701-1725.
    • (1992) Brain , vol.115 , pp. 1701-1725
    • Cooper, J.A.1    Sagar, H.J.2    Doherty, S.M.3    Jordan, N.4    Tidswell, P.5    Sullivan, E.V.6
  • 27
    • 0011162190 scopus 로고
    • Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease
    • Davies P., Maloney A. Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 1976, (II):1403.
    • (1976) Lancet , Issue.2 , pp. 1403
    • Davies, P.1    Maloney, A.2
  • 28
    • 0033591017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic markers in elderly patients with early signs of Alzheimer disease
    • Davis K., Mohs R., Marin D., Purohit D., Perl D., Lantz M., et al. Cholinergic markers in elderly patients with early signs of Alzheimer disease. JAMA 1999, 281:1401-1406.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 1401-1406
    • Davis, K.1    Mohs, R.2    Marin, D.3    Purohit, D.4    Perl, D.5    Lantz, M.6
  • 29
    • 0027458421 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic innervation of the human cerebellum
    • de Lacalle S., Hersh L., Saper C. Cholinergic innervation of the human cerebellum. J Comp Neurol 1993, 328:364-376.
    • (1993) J Comp Neurol , vol.328 , pp. 364-376
    • de Lacalle, S.1    Hersh, L.2    Saper, C.3
  • 30
    • 0036156958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of choline acetyltransferase activity in hippocampus and frontal cortex of elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment
    • DeKosky S.T., Ikonomovic M.D., Styren S.D., Beckett L., Wisniewski S., Bennett D.A., et al. Upregulation of choline acetyltransferase activity in hippocampus and frontal cortex of elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 2002, 51:145-155.
    • (2002) Ann Neurol , vol.51 , pp. 145-155
    • DeKosky, S.T.1    Ikonomovic, M.D.2    Styren, S.D.3    Beckett, L.4    Wisniewski, S.5    Bennett, D.A.6
  • 31
    • 0029070553 scopus 로고
    • Olfactory testing as an aid in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: development of optimal discrimination criteria
    • Doty R.L., Bromley S.M., Stern M.B. Olfactory testing as an aid in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: development of optimal discrimination criteria. Neurodegeneration 1995, 4:93-97.
    • (1995) Neurodegeneration , vol.4 , pp. 93-97
    • Doty, R.L.1    Bromley, S.M.2    Stern, M.B.3
  • 32
    • 0023201973 scopus 로고
    • Presence of both odor identification and detection deficits in Alzheimer's disease
    • Doty R.L., Reyes P.F., Gregor T. Presence of both odor identification and detection deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 1987, 18:597-600.
    • (1987) Brain Res Bull , vol.18 , pp. 597-600
    • Doty, R.L.1    Reyes, P.F.2    Gregor, T.3
  • 34
    • 0025110852 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic deficiency and frontal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
    • Dubois B., Pillon B., Lhermitte F., Agid Y. Cholinergic deficiency and frontal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1990, 28:117-121.
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.28 , pp. 117-121
    • Dubois, B.1    Pillon, B.2    Lhermitte, F.3    Agid, Y.4
  • 35
    • 0014117275 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic-anticholinergic antagonism in parkinsonism
    • Duvoisin R.C. Cholinergic-anticholinergic antagonism in parkinsonism. Arch Neurol 1967, 17:124-136.
    • (1967) Arch Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 124-136
    • Duvoisin, R.C.1
  • 36
    • 56749185181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid load in Parkinson's disease dementia and Lewy body dementia measured with [11C]PIB positron emission tomography
    • Edison P., Rowe C.C., Rinne J.O., Ng S., Ahmed I., Kemppainen N., et al. Amyloid load in Parkinson's disease dementia and Lewy body dementia measured with [11C]PIB positron emission tomography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008, 79:1331-1338.
    • (2008) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.79 , pp. 1331-1338
    • Edison, P.1    Rowe, C.C.2    Rinne, J.O.3    Ng, S.4    Ahmed, I.5    Kemppainen, N.6
  • 37
    • 33745168973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic receptor subtypes in neuronal and non-neuronal cholinergic function
    • Eglen R.M. Muscarinic receptor subtypes in neuronal and non-neuronal cholinergic function. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol 2006, 26:219-233.
    • (2006) Auton Autacoid Pharmacol , vol.26 , pp. 219-233
    • Eglen, R.M.1
  • 38
    • 0041125361 scopus 로고
    • The organization and some projections of cholinergic neurons of the mammalian forebrain
    • Fibiger H. The organization and some projections of cholinergic neurons of the mammalian forebrain. Brain Res Rev 1982, 4:327-388.
    • (1982) Brain Res Rev , vol.4 , pp. 327-388
    • Fibiger, H.1
  • 39
    • 0026593533 scopus 로고
    • A subtype of nicotinic cholinergic receptor in rat brain is composed of alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits and is up-regulated by chronic nicotine treatment
    • Flores C.M., Rogers S.W., Pabreza L.A., Wolfe B.B., Kellar K.J. A subtype of nicotinic cholinergic receptor in rat brain is composed of alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits and is up-regulated by chronic nicotine treatment. Mol Pharmacol 1992, 41:31-37.
    • (1992) Mol Pharmacol , vol.41 , pp. 31-37
    • Flores, C.M.1    Rogers, S.W.2    Pabreza, L.A.3    Wolfe, B.B.4    Kellar, K.J.5
  • 40
    • 0021911590 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative in vivo receptor binding I. Theory and application to the muscarinic cholinergic receptor
    • Frey K., Ehrenkaufer R., Beaucage S., Agranoff B. Quantitative in vivo receptor binding I. Theory and application to the muscarinic cholinergic receptor. J Neurosci 1985, 5:421-428.
    • (1985) J Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 421-428
    • Frey, K.1    Ehrenkaufer, R.2    Beaucage, S.3    Agranoff, B.4
  • 41
    • 29944443921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widespread decrease of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Parkinson's disease
    • Fujita M., Ichise M., Zoghbi S.S., Liow J.S., Ghose S., Vines D.C., et al. Widespread decrease of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2006, 59:174-177.
    • (2006) Ann Neurol , vol.59 , pp. 174-177
    • Fujita, M.1    Ichise, M.2    Zoghbi, S.S.3    Liow, J.S.4    Ghose, S.5    Vines, D.C.6
  • 42
    • 0026062725 scopus 로고
    • Substance P-containing neurons in the mesopontine tegmentum are severely affected in Parkinson's disease
    • Gai W.P., Halliday G.M., Blumbergs P.C., Geffen L.B., Blessing W.W. Substance P-containing neurons in the mesopontine tegmentum are severely affected in Parkinson's disease. Brain 1991, 114(Pt 5):2253-2267.
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , Issue.PART 5 , pp. 2253-2267
    • Gai, W.P.1    Halliday, G.M.2    Blumbergs, P.C.3    Geffen, L.B.4    Blessing, W.W.5
  • 43
    • 0024834503 scopus 로고
    • Cortical cholinergic fibers in aging and Alzheimer's disease: a morphometric study
    • Geula C., Mesulam M.M. Cortical cholinergic fibers in aging and Alzheimer's disease: a morphometric study. Neuroscience 1989, 33:469-481.
    • (1989) Neuroscience , vol.33 , pp. 469-481
    • Geula, C.1    Mesulam, M.M.2
  • 44
    • 0029963924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic regional variations in the loss of cortical cholinergic fibers in Alzheimer's disease
    • Geula C., Mesulam M.M. Systematic regional variations in the loss of cortical cholinergic fibers in Alzheimer's disease. Cereb Cortex 1996, 6:165-177.
    • (1996) Cereb Cortex , vol.6 , pp. 165-177
    • Geula, C.1    Mesulam, M.M.2
  • 45
    • 0001880598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic systems in Alzheimer's disease
    • Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, Terry RDea (Ed.)
    • Geula C., Mesulam M.M. Cholinergic systems in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer disease 1999, 69-292. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA. 2nd ed. Terry RDea (Ed.).
    • (1999) Alzheimer disease , pp. 69-292
    • Geula, C.1    Mesulam, M.M.2
  • 46
    • 0024318223 scopus 로고
    • Dementia and Parkinson's disease
    • Gibb W. Dementia and Parkinson's disease. Br J Psychiatry 1989, 154:596-614.
    • (1989) Br J Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 596-614
    • Gibb, W.1
  • 47
    • 0038691965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstructive sleep apnea is related to a thalamic cholinergic deficit in MSA
    • Gilman S., Chervin R.D., Koeppe R.A., Consens F.B., Little R., An H., et al. Obstructive sleep apnea is related to a thalamic cholinergic deficit in MSA. Neurology 2003, 61:35-39.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 35-39
    • Gilman, S.1    Chervin, R.D.2    Koeppe, R.A.3    Consens, F.B.4    Little, R.5    An, H.6
  • 49
    • 77956751404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cortical dopamine system: role in memory and cognition
    • Goldman-Rakic P.S. The cortical dopamine system: role in memory and cognition. Adv Pharmacol 1998, 42:707-711.
    • (1998) Adv Pharmacol , vol.42 , pp. 707-711
    • Goldman-Rakic, P.S.1
  • 50
    • 0023877536 scopus 로고
    • 'Frontal' cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease 'on' and 'off' levodopa
    • Gotham A.M., Brown R.G., Marsden C.D. 'Frontal' cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease 'on' and 'off' levodopa. Brain 1988, 111:299-321.
    • (1988) Brain , vol.111 , pp. 299-321
    • Gotham, A.M.1    Brown, R.G.2    Marsden, C.D.3
  • 53
    • 68649095434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: the dual hit theory revisited
    • Hawkes C.H., DelTredici K., Braak H. Parkinson's disease: the dual hit theory revisited. Ann NY Acad Sci 2009, 1170:615-622.
    • (2009) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1170 , pp. 615-622
    • Hawkes, C.H.1    DelTredici, K.2    Braak, H.3
  • 54
    • 0032452068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory evoked responses and identification tests in neurological disease
    • Hawkes C.H., Shephard B.C. Olfactory evoked responses and identification tests in neurological disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 1998, 855:608-615.
    • (1998) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.855 , pp. 608-615
    • Hawkes, C.H.1    Shephard, B.C.2
  • 55
    • 0026707432 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic innervation of the human thalamus: dual origin and differential nuclear distribution
    • Heckers S., Geula C., Mesulam M. Cholinergic innervation of the human thalamus: dual origin and differential nuclear distribution. J Comp Neurol 1992, 325:68-82.
    • (1992) J Comp Neurol , vol.325 , pp. 68-82
    • Heckers, S.1    Geula, C.2    Mesulam, M.3
  • 56
    • 0026690671 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholinesterase-rich pyramidal neurons in Alzheimer's disease
    • Heckers S., Geula C., Mesulam M.M. Acetylcholinesterase-rich pyramidal neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 1992, 13:455-460.
    • (1992) Neurobiol Aging , vol.13 , pp. 455-460
    • Heckers, S.1    Geula, C.2    Mesulam, M.M.3
  • 57
    • 33645078446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dementia in Parkinson disease: functional imaging of cholinergic and dopaminergic pathways
    • Hilker R., Thomas A.V., Klein J.C., Weisenbach S., Kalbe E., Burghaus L., et al. Dementia in Parkinson disease: functional imaging of cholinergic and dopaminergic pathways. Neurology 2005, 65:1716-1722.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 1716-1722
    • Hilker, R.1    Thomas, A.V.2    Klein, J.C.3    Weisenbach, S.4    Kalbe, E.5    Burghaus, L.6
  • 58
    • 52649174219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PET study of brain acetylcholinesterase in cerebellar degenerative disorders
    • Hirano S., Shinotoh H., Arai K., Aotsuka A., Yasuno F., Tanaka N., et al. PET study of brain acetylcholinesterase in cerebellar degenerative disorders. Mov Disord 2008, 23:1154-1160.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 1154-1160
    • Hirano, S.1    Shinotoh, H.2    Arai, K.3    Aotsuka, A.4    Yasuno, F.5    Tanaka, N.6
  • 59
    • 1842269379 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal loss in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in Parkinson disease and in progressive supranuclear palsy
    • Hirsch E.C., Graybiel A.M., Duyckaerts C., Javoy-Agid F. Neuronal loss in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in Parkinson disease and in progressive supranuclear palsy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987, 84:5976-5980.
    • (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.84 , pp. 5976-5980
    • Hirsch, E.C.1    Graybiel, A.M.2    Duyckaerts, C.3    Javoy-Agid, F.4
  • 60
    • 0023263919 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease
    • Hornykiewicz O., Kish S.J. Biochemical pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol 1987, 45:19-34.
    • (1987) Adv Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 19-34
    • Hornykiewicz, O.1    Kish, S.J.2
  • 61
    • 0027936170 scopus 로고
    • Design and evaluation of radioactive acetylcholine analogs for mapping brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vivo
    • Irie T., Fukushi K., Akimoto Y., Tamagami H., Nozaki T. Design and evaluation of radioactive acetylcholine analogs for mapping brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vivo. Nucl Med Biol 1994, 21.
    • (1994) Nucl Med Biol , pp. 21
    • Irie, T.1    Fukushi, K.2    Akimoto, Y.3    Tamagami, H.4    Nozaki, T.5
  • 62
    • 0023941502 scopus 로고
    • The pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease
    • Jellinger K. The pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988, 51:540-543.
    • (1988) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 540-543
    • Jellinger, K.1
  • 63
    • 0041467554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional anatomy of human odor sensation, discrimination, and identification in health and aging
    • Kareken D.A., Mosnik D.M., Doty R.L., Dzemidzic M., Hutchins G.D. Functional anatomy of human odor sensation, discrimination, and identification in health and aging. Neuropsychology 2003, 17:482-495.
    • (2003) Neuropsychology , vol.17 , pp. 482-495
    • Kareken, D.A.1    Mosnik, D.M.2    Doty, R.L.3    Dzemidzic, M.4    Hutchins, G.D.5
  • 65
    • 0030061557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo studies of acetylcholinesterase activity using a labeled substrate, N-[11C]methylpiperdinyl-4-propionate ([11C]PMP)
    • Kilbourn M., Snyder S., Sherman P., Kuhl D. In vivo studies of acetylcholinesterase activity using a labeled substrate, N-[11C]methylpiperdinyl-4-propionate ([11C]PMP). Synapse 1996, 22:123-131.
    • (1996) Synapse , vol.22 , pp. 123-131
    • Kilbourn, M.1    Snyder, S.2    Sherman, P.3    Kuhl, D.4
  • 66
    • 0025309280 scopus 로고
    • Behaviorally contingent property of movement-related activity of the primate putamen
    • Kimura M. Behaviorally contingent property of movement-related activity of the primate putamen. J Neurophysiol 1990, 63:1277-1296.
    • (1990) J Neurophysiol , vol.63 , pp. 1277-1296
    • Kimura, M.1
  • 68
    • 0034788539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dementia in Parkinson's disease
    • Korczyn A.D. Dementia in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2001, 248(Suppl 3):III/1-III/4.
    • (2001) J Neurol , vol.248 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Korczyn, A.D.1
  • 69
    • 79955723384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson and Alzheimer-selective hyposmia measures have different neurochemical substrates in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Kotagal V., Muller M.T., Koeppe R.A., Frey K.A., Albin R.L., Bohnen N.I. Parkinson and Alzheimer-selective hyposmia measures have different neurochemical substrates in patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurology 2009, 72(Suppl 3):A146.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.72 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Kotagal, V.1    Muller, M.T.2    Koeppe, R.A.3    Frey, K.A.4    Albin, R.L.5    Bohnen, N.I.6
  • 70
    • 0029808280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo mapping of cholinergic terminals in normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease
    • Kuhl D., Minoshima S., Fessler J., Frey K., Foster N., Ficaro E., et al. In vivo mapping of cholinergic terminals in normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1996, 40:399-410.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.40 , pp. 399-410
    • Kuhl, D.1    Minoshima, S.2    Fessler, J.3    Frey, K.4    Foster, N.5    Ficaro, E.6
  • 72
    • 0027529819 scopus 로고
    • Altered muscarinic and nicotinic receptor densities in cortical and subcortical brain regions in Parkinson's disease
    • Lange K.W., Wells F.R., Jenner P., Marsden C.D. Altered muscarinic and nicotinic receptor densities in cortical and subcortical brain regions in Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 1993, 60:197-203.
    • (1993) J Neurochem , vol.60 , pp. 197-203
    • Lange, K.W.1    Wells, F.R.2    Jenner, P.3    Marsden, C.D.4
  • 73
    • 33645755812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Parkinson's complex: parkinsonism is just the tip of the iceberg
    • Langston J.W. The Parkinson's complex: parkinsonism is just the tip of the iceberg. Ann Neurol 2006, 59:591-596.
    • (2006) Ann Neurol , vol.59 , pp. 591-596
    • Langston, J.W.1
  • 74
    • 34247637934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conductor hidden in the orchestra? Role of the habenular complex in monoamine transmission and cognition
    • Lecourtier L., Kelly P.H. A conductor hidden in the orchestra? Role of the habenular complex in monoamine transmission and cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2007, 31:658-672.
    • (2007) Neurosci Biobehav Rev , vol.31 , pp. 658-672
    • Lecourtier, L.1    Kelly, P.H.2
  • 75
    • 0034167437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pedunculopontine nucleus: its role in the genesis of movement disorders
    • Lee M.S., Rinne J.O., Marsden C.D. The pedunculopontine nucleus: its role in the genesis of movement disorders. Yonsei Med J 2000, 41:167-184.
    • (2000) Yonsei Med J , vol.41 , pp. 167-184
    • Lee, M.S.1    Rinne, J.O.2    Marsden, C.D.3
  • 76
    • 0027511796 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity and selectivity of the degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain of patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Lehericy S., Hirsch E.C., Cervera-Pierot P., Hersh L.B., Bakchine S., Piette F., et al. Heterogeneity and selectivity of the degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain of patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Comp Neurol 1993, 330:15-31.
    • (1993) J Comp Neurol , vol.330 , pp. 15-31
    • Lehericy, S.1    Hirsch, E.C.2    Cervera-Pierot, P.3    Hersh, L.B.4    Bakchine, S.5    Piette, F.6
  • 77
    • 0003096420 scopus 로고
    • Zur pathologischen Anatomie der Paralysis agitans
    • Lewy F.H. Zur pathologischen Anatomie der Paralysis agitans. Dtsch Ztschr Nervenheilkunde 1913, 50:50-55.
    • (1913) Dtsch Ztschr Nervenheilkunde , vol.50 , pp. 50-55
    • Lewy, F.H.1
  • 78
    • 33750443230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are dementia and depression in Parkinson's disease related?
    • Lieberman A. Are dementia and depression in Parkinson's disease related?. J Neurol Sci 2006, 248:138-142.
    • (2006) J Neurol Sci , vol.248 , pp. 138-142
    • Lieberman, A.1
  • 80
    • 0025042709 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer disease and the dementia of Parkinson disease: Comparative investigations
    • Mahler M.E., Cummings J.L. Alzheimer disease and the dementia of Parkinson disease: Comparative investigations. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1990, 4:133-149.
    • (1990) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord , vol.4 , pp. 133-149
    • Mahler, M.E.1    Cummings, J.L.2
  • 81
    • 0029003629 scopus 로고
    • The frequency and associated risk factors for dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Marder K., Tang M.-X., Côté L., Stern Y., Mayeux R. The frequency and associated risk factors for dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease. Arch Neurol 1995, 52:695-701.
    • (1995) Arch Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 695-701
    • Marder, K.1    Tang, M.-X.2    Côté, L.3    Stern, Y.4    Mayeux, R.5
  • 82
    • 0024273462 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of muscarinic receptor subtypes within architectonic subregions of the primate cerebral cortex
    • Mash D.C., White W.F., Mesulam M.M. Distribution of muscarinic receptor subtypes within architectonic subregions of the primate cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 1988, 278:265-274.
    • (1988) J Comp Neurol , vol.278 , pp. 265-274
    • Mash, D.C.1    White, W.F.2    Mesulam, M.M.3
  • 83
    • 0034887218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline acetytransferase activity and striatal dopamine receptors in Parkinson's disease in relation to cognitive impairment
    • Mattila P.M., Roytta M., Lonnberg P., Marjamaki P., Helenius H., Rinne J.O. Choline acetytransferase activity and striatal dopamine receptors in Parkinson's disease in relation to cognitive impairment. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 2001, 102:160-166.
    • (2001) Acta Neuropathol (Berl) , vol.102 , pp. 160-166
    • Mattila, P.M.1    Roytta, M.2    Lonnberg, P.3    Marjamaki, P.4    Helenius, H.5    Rinne, J.O.6
  • 85
    • 0019452463 scopus 로고
    • Depression, intellectual impairment, and Parkinson's disease
    • Mayeux R., Stern Y., Rosen J., Leventhal J. Depression, intellectual impairment, and Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1981, 31:645-650.
    • (1981) Neurology , vol.31 , pp. 645-650
    • Mayeux, R.1    Stern, Y.2    Rosen, J.3    Leventhal, J.4
  • 86
    • 0023901515 scopus 로고
    • An estimate of the prevalence of dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease
    • Mayeux R., Stern Y., Rosenstein R., Marder K., Hauser A., Côté L., et al. An estimate of the prevalence of dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Arch Neurol 1988, 45:260-262.
    • (1988) Arch Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 260-262
    • Mayeux, R.1    Stern, Y.2    Rosenstein, R.3    Marder, K.4    Hauser, A.5    Côté, L.6
  • 87
    • 33144489150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: third report of the DLB Consortium
    • McKeith I.G., Dickson D.W., Lowe J., Emre M., O'Brien J.T., Feldman H., et al. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: third report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology 2005, 65:1863-1872.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 1863-1872
    • McKeith, I.G.1    Dickson, D.W.2    Lowe, J.3    Emre, M.4    O'Brien, J.T.5    Feldman, H.6
  • 88
    • 0031886320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfaction in neurodegenerative disease: a meta-analysis of olfactory functioning in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases
    • Mesholam R.I., Moberg P.J., Mahr R.N., Doty R.L. Olfaction in neurodegenerative disease: a meta-analysis of olfactory functioning in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Arch Neurol 1998, 55:84-90.
    • (1998) Arch Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 84-90
    • Mesholam, R.I.1    Moberg, P.J.2    Mahr, R.N.3    Doty, R.L.4
  • 89
    • 0842304284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cholinergic lesion of Alzheimer's disease: pivotal factor or side show?
    • Mesulam M. The cholinergic lesion of Alzheimer's disease: pivotal factor or side show?. Learn Mem 2004, 11:43-49.
    • (2004) Learn Mem , vol.11 , pp. 43-49
    • Mesulam, M.1
  • 90
    • 0026806536 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic innervation of the human striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and red nucleus
    • Mesulam M., Mash D., Hersh L., Bothwell M., Geula C. Cholinergic innervation of the human striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and red nucleus. J Comp Neurol 1992, 323:252-268.
    • (1992) J Comp Neurol , vol.323 , pp. 252-268
    • Mesulam, M.1    Mash, D.2    Hersh, L.3    Bothwell, M.4    Geula, C.5
  • 91
    • 0023715013 scopus 로고
    • Nucleus basalis (Ch4) and cortical cholinergic innervation in the human brain: Observations based on the distribution of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase
    • Mesulam M.M., Geula C. Nucleus basalis (Ch4) and cortical cholinergic innervation in the human brain: Observations based on the distribution of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase. J Comp Neurol 1988, 275:216-240.
    • (1988) J Comp Neurol , vol.275 , pp. 216-240
    • Mesulam, M.M.1    Geula, C.2
  • 92
    • 0026608543 scopus 로고
    • Overlap between acetylcholinesterase-rich and choline acetyltransferase-positive (cholinergic) axons in human cerebral cortex
    • Mesulam M.M., Geula C. Overlap between acetylcholinesterase-rich and choline acetyltransferase-positive (cholinergic) axons in human cerebral cortex. Brain Res 1992, 577:112-120.
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.577 , pp. 112-120
    • Mesulam, M.M.1    Geula, C.2
  • 93
    • 68149126082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced alpha4beta2*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding and its relationship to mild cognitive and depressive symptoms in Parkinson disease
    • Meyer P.M., Strecker K., Kendziorra K., Becker G., Hesse S., Woelpl D., et al. Reduced alpha4beta2*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding and its relationship to mild cognitive and depressive symptoms in Parkinson disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009, 66:866-877.
    • (2009) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 866-877
    • Meyer, P.M.1    Strecker, K.2    Kendziorra, K.3    Becker, G.4    Hesse, S.5    Woelpl, D.6
  • 94
    • 0037016848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of basal forebrain P75 (NTR) immunoreactivity in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
    • Mufson E.J., Ma S.Y., Dills J., Cochran E.J., Leurgans S., Wuu J., et al. Loss of basal forebrain P75 (NTR) immunoreactivity in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. J Comp Neurol 2002, 443:136-153.
    • (2002) J Comp Neurol , vol.443 , pp. 136-153
    • Mufson, E.J.1    Ma, S.Y.2    Dills, J.3    Cochran, E.J.4    Leurgans, S.5    Wuu, J.6
  • 96
    • 0025110871 scopus 로고
    • Olfactory thresholds are associated with degree of dementia in Alzheimer's disease
    • Murphy C., Gilmore M.M., Seery C.S., Salmon D.P., Lasker B.R. Olfactory thresholds are associated with degree of dementia in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 1990, 11:465-469.
    • (1990) Neurobiol Aging , vol.11 , pp. 465-469
    • Murphy, C.1    Gilmore, M.M.2    Seery, C.S.3    Salmon, D.P.4    Lasker, B.R.5
  • 97
    • 0021328595 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: neuron loss in the nucleus basalis without concomitant Alzheimer's disease
    • Nakano I., Hirano A. Parkinson's disease: neuron loss in the nucleus basalis without concomitant Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 1984, 5:415-418.
    • (1984) Ann Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 415-418
    • Nakano, I.1    Hirano, A.2
  • 98
    • 34447094887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity of the brains of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease
    • Namba H., Shinotoh H., Iyo M. In vivo measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity of the brains of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. J Nucl Med 1998, 39(Suppl):95P-96P.
    • (1998) J Nucl Med , vol.39 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Namba, H.1    Shinotoh, H.2    Iyo, M.3
  • 99
    • 0033847609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pedunculopontine nucleus and Parkinson's disease
    • Pahapill P.A., Lozano A.M. The pedunculopontine nucleus and Parkinson's disease. Brain 2000, 123:1767-1783.
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , pp. 1767-1783
    • Pahapill, P.A.1    Lozano, A.M.2
  • 100
    • 0028339722 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of oligodendroglial inclusions in multiple system atrophy and its relevance to clinical symptomatology
    • Papp M.I., Lantos P.L. The distribution of oligodendroglial inclusions in multiple system atrophy and its relevance to clinical symptomatology. Brain 1994, 117:235-243.
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , pp. 235-243
    • Papp, M.I.1    Lantos, P.L.2
  • 101
    • 0033964077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal nicotinic receptors in the human brain
    • Paterson D., Nordberg A. Neuronal nicotinic receptors in the human brain. Prog Neurobiol 2000, 61:75-111.
    • (2000) Prog Neurobiol , vol.61 , pp. 75-111
    • Paterson, D.1    Nordberg, A.2
  • 102
    • 0021837595 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic correlates of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: comparisons with Alzheimer's disease
    • Perry E.K., Curtis M., Dick D.J., Candy J.M., Atack J.R., Bloxham C.A., et al. Cholinergic correlates of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: comparisons with Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1985, 48:413-421.
    • (1985) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 413-421
    • Perry, E.K.1    Curtis, M.2    Dick, D.J.3    Candy, J.M.4    Atack, J.R.5    Bloxham, C.A.6
  • 103
    • 0027208615 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic transmitter and neurotrophic activities in Lewy body dementia: similarity to Parkinson's and distinction from Alzheimer disease
    • Perry E.K., Irving D., Kerwin J.M., McKeith I.G., Thompson P., Collerton D., et al. Cholinergic transmitter and neurotrophic activities in Lewy body dementia: similarity to Parkinson's and distinction from Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1993, 7:69-79.
    • (1993) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord , vol.7 , pp. 69-79
    • Perry, E.K.1    Irving, D.2    Kerwin, J.M.3    McKeith, I.G.4    Thompson, P.5    Collerton, D.6
  • 104
    • 0029348250 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine and hallucinations: disease-related compared to drug-induced alterations in human consciousness
    • Perry E.K., Perry R.H. Acetylcholine and hallucinations: disease-related compared to drug-induced alterations in human consciousness. Brain Cogn 1995, 28:240-258.
    • (1995) Brain Cogn , vol.28 , pp. 240-258
    • Perry, E.K.1    Perry, R.H.2
  • 105
    • 0017360731 scopus 로고
    • Necropsy evidence of central cholinergic deficits in senile dementia
    • Perry E.K., Perry R.H., Blessed G., Tomlinson B.E. Necropsy evidence of central cholinergic deficits in senile dementia. Lancet 1977, 189.
    • (1977) Lancet , pp. 189
    • Perry, E.K.1    Perry, R.H.2    Blessed, G.3    Tomlinson, B.E.4
  • 106
    • 0346688558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor distribution in Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, and vascular dementia: in vitro binding study using 5-[(125)i]-a-85380
    • Pimlott S.L., Piggott M., Owens J., Greally E., Court J.A., Jaros E., et al. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor distribution in Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, and vascular dementia: in vitro binding study using 5-[(125)i]-a-85380. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004, 29:108-116.
    • (2004) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.29 , pp. 108-116
    • Pimlott, S.L.1    Piggott, M.2    Owens, J.3    Greally, E.4    Court, J.A.5    Jaros, E.6
  • 108
    • 34848818865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-emergence of striatal cholinergic interneurons in movement disorders
    • Pisani A., Bernardi G., Ding J., Surmeier D.J. Re-emergence of striatal cholinergic interneurons in movement disorders. Trends Neurosci 2007, 30:545-553.
    • (2007) Trends Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 545-553
    • Pisani, A.1    Bernardi, G.2    Ding, J.3    Surmeier, D.J.4
  • 110
    • 0029748597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal synchronization of tonically active neurons in the striatum of normal and parkinsonian primates
    • Raz A., Feingold A., Zelanskaya V., Vaadia E., Bergman H. Neuronal synchronization of tonically active neurons in the striatum of normal and parkinsonian primates. J Neurophysiol 1996, 76:2083-2088.
    • (1996) J Neurophysiol , vol.76 , pp. 2083-2088
    • Raz, A.1    Feingold, A.2    Zelanskaya, V.3    Vaadia, E.4    Bergman, H.5
  • 111
    • 0021961337 scopus 로고
    • The nucleus basalis of Meynert in neurological disease: a quantitative morphological study
    • Rogers J.D., Brogan D., Mirra S.S. The nucleus basalis of Meynert in neurological disease: a quantitative morphological study. Ann Neurol 1985, 17:163-170.
    • (1985) Ann Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 163-170
    • Rogers, J.D.1    Brogan, D.2    Mirra, S.S.3
  • 112
    • 0020061023 scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic binding and choline acetyltransferase activity in Parkinsonian subjects with reference to dementia
    • Ruberg M., Ploska A., Javoy-Agid F., Agid Y. Muscarinic binding and choline acetyltransferase activity in Parkinsonian subjects with reference to dementia. Brain Res 1982, 232:129-139.
    • (1982) Brain Res , vol.232 , pp. 129-139
    • Ruberg, M.1    Ploska, A.2    Javoy-Agid, F.3    Agid, Y.4
  • 113
    • 0022631832 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in frontal cortex and cerebrospinal fluid of demented and non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Ruberg M., Rieger F., Villageois A., Bonnet A.M., Agid Y. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in frontal cortex and cerebrospinal fluid of demented and non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 1986, 362:83-91.
    • (1986) Brain Res , vol.362 , pp. 83-91
    • Ruberg, M.1    Rieger, F.2    Villageois, A.3    Bonnet, A.M.4    Agid, Y.5
  • 114
    • 0030781194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dementia with Lewy bodies versus pure Alzheimer disease: differences in cognition, neuropathology, cholinergic dysfunction, and synapse density
    • Samuel W., Alford M., Hofstetter C.R., Hansen L. Dementia with Lewy bodies versus pure Alzheimer disease: differences in cognition, neuropathology, cholinergic dysfunction, and synapse density. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1997, 56:499-508.
    • (1997) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.56 , pp. 499-508
    • Samuel, W.1    Alford, M.2    Hofstetter, C.R.3    Hansen, L.4
  • 115
    • 0031743552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectories of cholinergic pathways within the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain
    • Selden N.R., Gitelman D.R., Salamon-Murayama N., Parrish T.B., Mesulam M.M. Trajectories of cholinergic pathways within the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain. Brain 1998, 121:2249-2257.
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , pp. 2249-2257
    • Selden, N.R.1    Gitelman, D.R.2    Salamon-Murayama, N.3    Parrish, T.B.4    Mesulam, M.M.5
  • 116
    • 0026019518 scopus 로고
    • The nature and course of olfactory deficits in Alzheimer's disease
    • Serby M., Larson P., Kalkstein D. The nature and course of olfactory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1991, 148:357-360.
    • (1991) Am J Psychiatry , vol.148 , pp. 357-360
    • Serby, M.1    Larson, P.2    Kalkstein, D.3
  • 117
    • 68249119247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping of brain acetylcholinesterase alterations in Lewy body disease by PET
    • Shimada H., Hirano S., Shinotoh H., Aotsuka A., Sato K., Tanaka N., et al. Mapping of brain acetylcholinesterase alterations in Lewy body disease by PET. Neurology 2009, 73:273-278.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.73 , pp. 273-278
    • Shimada, H.1    Hirano, S.2    Shinotoh, H.3    Aotsuka, A.4    Sato, K.5    Tanaka, N.6
  • 118
    • 34447092465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging of PD, PSP, CBD and MSA-PET and SPECT studies
    • Shinotoh H. Neuroimaging of PD, PSP, CBD and MSA-PET and SPECT studies. J Neurol 2006, 253(Suppl 3):iii30-iii34.
    • (2006) J Neurol , vol.253 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Shinotoh, H.1
  • 119
    • 0033010467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomographic measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity reveals differential loss of ascending cholinergic systems in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy
    • Shinotoh H., Namba H., Yamaguchi M., Fukushi K., Nagatsuka S., Iyo M., et al. Positron emission tomographic measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity reveals differential loss of ascending cholinergic systems in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Ann Neurol 1999, 46:62-69.
    • (1999) Ann Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 62-69
    • Shinotoh, H.1    Namba, H.2    Yamaguchi, M.3    Fukushi, K.4    Nagatsuka, S.5    Iyo, M.6
  • 120
    • 0013984458 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopy of cholinergic terminals and acetylcholinesterase-containing neurones in the hippocampal formation of the rat
    • Shute C.C., Lewis P.R. Electron microscopy of cholinergic terminals and acetylcholinesterase-containing neurones in the hippocampal formation of the rat. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 1966, 69:334-343.
    • (1966) Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat , vol.69 , pp. 334-343
    • Shute, C.C.1    Lewis, P.R.2
  • 122
    • 75549116708 scopus 로고
    • Progressive supranuclear palsy: a heterogeneous degeneration involving the brainstem, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, with vertical gaze and pseudobulbar palsy
    • Steele J.C., Richardson J.C., Olszewski J. Progressive supranuclear palsy: a heterogeneous degeneration involving the brainstem, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, with vertical gaze and pseudobulbar palsy. Arch Neurol 1964, 10:333-359.
    • (1964) Arch Neurol , vol.10 , pp. 333-359
    • Steele, J.C.1    Richardson, J.C.2    Olszewski, J.3
  • 123
    • 57449088592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akinesia, motor oscillations and the pedunculopontine nucleus in rats and men
    • Stein J.F. Akinesia, motor oscillations and the pedunculopontine nucleus in rats and men. Exp Neurol 2009, 215:1-4.
    • (2009) Exp Neurol , vol.215 , pp. 1-4
    • Stein, J.F.1
  • 124
    • 0037046197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic vesicular transporters in progressive supranuclear palsy
    • Suzuki M., Desmond T.J., Albin R.L., Frey K.A. Cholinergic vesicular transporters in progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurology 2002, 58:1013-1018.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.58 , pp. 1013-1018
    • Suzuki, M.1    Desmond, T.J.2    Albin, R.L.3    Frey, K.A.4
  • 125
    • 21844469971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 10-item smell identification scale related to risk for Alzheimer's disease
    • Tabert M.H., Liu X., Doty R.L., Serby M., Zamora D., Pelton G.H., et al. A 10-item smell identification scale related to risk for Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 2005, 58:155-160.
    • (2005) Ann Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 155-160
    • Tabert, M.H.1    Liu, X.2    Doty, R.L.3    Serby, M.4    Zamora, D.5    Pelton, G.H.6
  • 127
    • 56749091573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor attentional function predicts cognitive decline in patients with non-demented Parkinson's disease independent of motor phenotype
    • Taylor J.P., Rowan E.N., Lett D., O'Brien J.T., McKeith I.G., Burn D.J. Poor attentional function predicts cognitive decline in patients with non-demented Parkinson's disease independent of motor phenotype. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008, 79:1318-1323.
    • (2008) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.79 , pp. 1318-1323
    • Taylor, J.P.1    Rowan, E.N.2    Lett, D.3    O'Brien, J.T.4    McKeith, I.G.5    Burn, D.J.6
  • 128
    • 0034649440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The decline in synapses and cholinergic activity is asynchronous in Alzheimer's disease
    • Tiraboschi P., Hansen L.A., Alford M., Masliah E., Thal L.J., Corey-Bloom J. The decline in synapses and cholinergic activity is asynchronous in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 2000, 55:1278-1283.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 1278-1283
    • Tiraboschi, P.1    Hansen, L.A.2    Alford, M.3    Masliah, E.4    Thal, L.J.5    Corey-Bloom, J.6
  • 129
    • 0036792789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early and widespread cholinergic losses differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer disease
    • Tiraboschi P., Hansen L.A., Alford M., Merdes A., Masliah E., Thal L.J., et al. Early and widespread cholinergic losses differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002, 59:946-951.
    • (2002) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 946-951
    • Tiraboschi, P.1    Hansen, L.A.2    Alford, M.3    Merdes, A.4    Masliah, E.5    Thal, L.J.6
  • 131
    • 0028880961 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological impairment in Parkinson's disease with and without depression
    • Tröster A.I., Stalp L.D., Paolo A.M., Fields J.A., Koller W.C. Neuropsychological impairment in Parkinson's disease with and without depression. Arch Neurol 1995, 52:1164-1169.
    • (1995) Arch Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 1164-1169
    • Tröster, A.I.1    Stalp, L.D.2    Paolo, A.M.3    Fields, J.A.4    Koller, W.C.5
  • 132
    • 0029939094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visualization of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in cholinergic nerve terminals and its targeting to a specific population of small synaptic vesicles
    • Weihe E., Tao-Cheng J.H., Schafer M.K., Erickson J.D., Eiden L.E. Visualization of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in cholinergic nerve terminals and its targeting to a specific population of small synaptic vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996, 93:3547-3552.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 3547-3552
    • Weihe, E.1    Tao-Cheng, J.H.2    Schafer, M.K.3    Erickson, J.D.4    Eiden, L.E.5
  • 134
    • 0020677614 scopus 로고
    • Basal forebrain neurons in the dementia of Parkinson disease
    • Whitehouse P.J., Hedreen J.C., White C.L., Price D.L. Basal forebrain neurons in the dementia of Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 1983, 13:243-248.
    • (1983) Ann Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 243-248
    • Whitehouse, P.J.1    Hedreen, J.C.2    White, C.L.3    Price, D.L.4
  • 135
    • 0023818217 scopus 로고
    • Reductions in [3H]nicotinic acetylcholine binding in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: an autoradiographic study
    • Whitehouse P.J., Martino A.M., Wagster M.V., Price D.L., Mayeux R., Atack J.R., et al. Reductions in [3H]nicotinic acetylcholine binding in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: an autoradiographic study. Neurology 1988, 38:720-723.
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 720-723
    • Whitehouse, P.J.1    Martino, A.M.2    Wagster, M.V.3    Price, D.L.4    Mayeux, R.5    Atack, J.R.6
  • 136
    • 0019410162 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: evidence for selective loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis
    • Whitehouse P.J., Price D.L., Clark A.W., Coyle J.T., DeLong M.R. Alzheimer's disease: evidence for selective loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis. Ann Neurol 1981, 10:122-126.
    • (1981) Ann Neurol , vol.10 , pp. 122-126
    • Whitehouse, P.J.1    Price, D.L.2    Clark, A.W.3    Coyle, J.T.4    DeLong, M.R.5
  • 137
    • 70350641659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson's disease: 5 year follow-up of the CamPaIGN cohort
    • Williams-Gray C.H., Evans J.R., Goris A., Foltynie T., Ban M., Robbins T.W., et al. The distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson's disease: 5 year follow-up of the CamPaIGN cohort. Brain 2009, 132:2958-2969.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 2958-2969
    • Williams-Gray, C.H.1    Evans, J.R.2    Goris, A.3    Foltynie, T.4    Ban, M.5    Robbins, T.W.6
  • 138
  • 139
    • 22144444924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: interactions between cholinergic functions and beta-amyloid
    • Yan Z., Feng J. Alzheimer's disease: interactions between cholinergic functions and beta-amyloid. Curr Alzheimer Res 2004, 1:241-248.
    • (2004) Curr Alzheimer Res , vol.1 , pp. 241-248
    • Yan, Z.1    Feng, J.2
  • 140
    • 28244484775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of prevalence and incidence studies of dementia with Lewy bodies
    • Zaccai J., McCracken C., Brayne C. A systematic review of prevalence and incidence studies of dementia with Lewy bodies. Age Ageing 2005, 34:561-566.
    • (2005) Age Ageing , vol.34 , pp. 561-566
    • Zaccai, J.1    McCracken, C.2    Brayne, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.