What kind of volcanite the rock-hewn churches of the Lalibela UNESCO's world heritage site are made of?

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 227-235

  Renzulli, Alberto ^a   Antonelli, Fabrizio ^a   Margottini, Claudio ^b   Santi, Patrizia ^a   Fratini, Fabio ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF URBINO   (Italy)

^b INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND RESEARCH ISPRA   (Italy)

^c ICVBC CNR   (Italy)

Author keywords

Basaltic scoria; Continental flood basalt; Deterioration; Ethiopia; Lalibela; Mineralogy; Petrography; Rock hewn churches; Zeolites

Indexed keywords

EID: 79955712687     PISSN: 12962074     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2010.11.003     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Merla G., Abbate E., Canuti P., Sagri M., Tacconi P. A geological map of Ethiopia and Somalia (1973; scale 1:200.000) and comment with a map of major landforms 1979, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Florence, Italy, pp. 95.
2. Kieffer B., Arndt N., Lapierre H., Bastien F., Bosch D., Pecher A., Yirgu G., Ayalew D., Weis D., Jerram D.A., Keller F., Meugniot C. Flood and shield basalts from Ethiopia: magmas from the African Superswell. Journal of Petrology 2004, 45:793-834.
3. Beccaluva L., Bianchini G., Natali C., Siena F. Continental flood basalts and mantle plumes: a case study of the Northern Ethiopian Plateau. Journal of Petrology 2009, 50(7):1377-1403.
4. Ranieri G., Haile T., Alemayehu T. TEM-fast small-loop soundings to map underground tunnels and galleries connecting the rock-hewn churches of Lalibela, Ethiopia. Geoarchaeology 2005, 20:433-448.
5. Laureano P. Conservation action plan for the rock-hewn churches in Lalibela. Technical report, World Monuments Fund 2008, UNESCO.
6. Bewket W., Conway D. A note on the temporal and spatial variability of rainfall in the drought-prone Amhara region of Ethiopia. International Journal of Climatology 2007, 27:1467-1477.
7. UNESCO, The rock-hewn churches, Lalibela (Ethiopia), Technical report, UNESCO, Paris, 2007.
8. ICCROM, Proceeding of symposia of international experts on stone conservation, Lalibela, Technical report, UNESCO, Paris, 1978.
9. ACEL-SAVA, Geology and engineering geology of Lalibela churches, Technical report, UNESCO, Paris, 1997.
10. TEPRIN, Shelters for five churches in Lalibela project, Technical report, UNESCO, Paris, 2002.
11. Margottini C. Engineering geology aspects related to the EU feasibility project for the rehabilitation of rock-hewn churches of Lalibela (Northern Ethiopia), Technical report 2004, UNESCO, Paris.
12. Delmonaco G., Margottini C., Spizzichino D. Slope-structure stability modelling for the rock-hewn church of Biet Aba Libanos in Lalibela (Ethiopia): preliminary results. Landslides: risk analysis and sustainable disaster management 2005, 213-218. Springer. K. Sassa, H. Fukuoka, F. Wang, G. Wang (Eds.).
13. Delmonaco G., Margottini C., Spizzichino D. Geological degradation and rock-slope structure stability of Aba Libanos church in Lalibela, Ethiopia. European Geoscience Union 2007, 9:06706. [abstracts].
14. F. Sani, M. Coli, P. Laureano, G. Moratti, L. Rovero, U. Tonietti, Geological control on the development of the rock-hewn town of Lalibela (Ethiopia), Geoitalia 2009, Rimini, 9-11 September 2009, Epitome 3 (2009) 265.
15. UNESCO, Rock-hewn churches of Lalibela world heritage site (Ethiopia) - conservation action plan, Structural study, Pilot conservation project on the rock-hewn church of Gabriel Rufael in Lalibela, University of Florence Scientific Mission, 29 November-8 December 2008, Final technical report, UNESCO report, Florence, 2009.
16. Derruau M. Précis de géomorphologie 1958, Masson, Paris, pp. 395.
17. Mohr P., Zanettin B. The Ethiopian flood basalt province. Continental flood basalts, Kluwer, Dordrecht 1988, 63-110. J.D. MacDougall (Ed.).
18. Hofmann C., Courtillot V., Féraud G., Rochette P., Yirgu G., Ketefo E., Pik R. Timing of the Ethiopian flood basalt event and implications for plume birth and global change. Nature 1997, 389:838-841.
19. Ayalew D., Yirgu G., Pik R. Geochemical and isotopic (Sr, Nd and Pb) characteristics of volcanic rocks from south-western Ethiopia. Journal of Africa Earth Sciences 1999, 29:381-391.
20. Pik R., Deniel C., Coulon C., Yirgu G., Hofmann C., Ayalew D. The northwestern Ethiopian Plateau flood basalts: classification and spatial distribution of magma types. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 1998, 81:91-111.
21. UNESCO, Preservation of the rock-hewn churches in Lalibela, Technical report, vol. I-III, UNESCO, Paris, 1995.
22. C. Cipriani, Ricerche sui minerali costituenti le arenarie: (I) sulla composizione mineralogica della frazione argillosa di alcune arenarie Macigno, Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali 65 (1958) 86-106.
23. Normal 13/83, Dosaggio dei sali solubili, CNR-ICR, Roma, 1983.
24. Tómasson J., Kristmannsdóttir H. High temperature alteration minerals and thermal brines, Reykjanes, Iceland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1972, 36:123-134.
25. Kristmannsdóttir H. Alteration of basaltic rocks by hydrothermal activity at 100-300°C. International Clay Conference 1979, 359-367. Elsevier. M.M. Mortland, V.C. Farmer (Eds.).
26. Armbruster T., Gunter M.E. Crystal structures of natural zeolites. Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry 2001, vol. 45:1-67. Mineralogical Society of America.
27. Palaban R.T., Bertetti F.P. Cation exchange properties of natural zeolites. Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry 2001, vol. 45:453-518. Mineralogical Society of America.
28. Tschernev D.I. Solar energy application of natural zeolites. Natural zeolites: occurrence, properties, use 1978, 479-485. Pergamon Press. L.B. Sand, F.A. Mumpton (Eds.).
29. Colella C., de' Gennaro M., Aiello R. Use of zeolitic tuff in building industry. Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry 2001, vol. 45:551-587. Mineralogical Society of America.
30. Schenato F., Formoso M.L.L., Dudoignon P., Meunier A., Proust D., Mas A. Alteration processes of a thick basaltic lava flow of the Paraná Basin (Brazil): petrographic and mineralogical studies. Journal of South America Earth Sciences 2003, 16:423-444.
31. T. Hailu, The mysteries of Lalibela, Ethiopia, Geotimes, Travels in geology. www.geotimes.org/apr05/Travels0405.html, 2005.