Adiposity and risk of cardiovascular diseases in Japan: Secular trend, individual level associations and causal pathway - implications for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in societies with rapid economic development

EPMA Journal

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 65-73

  Yatsuya, Hiroshi ^a   Yamagishi, Kazumasa ^b   Iso, Hiroyasu ^c  

^a NAGOYA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA   (Japan)

^c OSAKA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Epidemiology; Hypertension; Japan; Obesity; Prevention

Indexed keywords

BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY; BODY MASS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUSAL ATTRIBUTION; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; JAPAN; MASS SCREENING; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SMOKING CESSATION; SODIUM RESTRICTION; TREND STUDY; URBAN RURAL DIFFERENCE;

EID: 79955675962     PISSN: 18785077     EISSN: 18785085     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13167-011-0071-4     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Ueshima H, Sekikawa A, Miura K, Turin TC, Takashima N, Kita Y, et al. Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in Asia: a selected review. Circulation. 2008; 118: 2702-9.
2. Iso H, Sato S, Kitamura A, Naito Y, Shimamoto T, Komachi Y. Fat and protein intakes and risk of intraparenchymal hemorrhage among middle-aged Japanese. Am J Epidemiol. 2003; 157: 32-9.
3. Iso H. Changes in coronary heart disease risk among Japanese. Circulation. 2008; 118: 2725-9.
4. Kubo M, Kiyohara Y, Ninomiya T, Tanizaki Y, Yonemoto K, Doi Y, et al. Decreasing incidence of lacunar vs other types of cerebral infarction in a Japanese population. Neurology. 2006; 66: 1539-44.
5. Shimamoto T, Komachi Y, Inada H, Doi M, Iso H, Sato S, et al. Trends for coronary heart disease and stroke and their risk factors in Japan. Circulation. 1989; 79: 503-15.
6. Kitamura A, Iso H, Iida M, Naito Y, Sato S, Jacobs DR, et al. Trends in the incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke and the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Japanese men from 1963 to 1994. Am J Med. 2002; 112: 104-9.
7. Kitamura A, Sato S, Kiyama M, Imano H, Iso H, Okada T, et al. Trends in the incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke and their risk factors in Japan, 1964 to 2003: the Akita-Osaka study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008; 52: 71-9.
8. Costigliola V. Preface. EPMA J. 2010; 1: 1-2.
9. Golubnitschaja O. Time for new guidelines in advanced diabetes care: Paradigm change from delayed interventional approach to predictive, preventive & personalized medicine. EPMA J. 2010; 1: 3-12.
10. World Health Organization. BMI classification. (http://apps. who. int/bmi/index. jsp?introPage=intro_3. html).
11. Office for Life-Style Related Diseases Control, General Affair Division, Health Service Bureau, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan. The National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan, 2003-2007. (http://www. mhlw. go. jp/bunya/kenkou/kokumin-kenkou. html) (in Japanese).
12. Sassi F. Obesity and the economics of prevention. FIT NOT FAT. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2010.
13. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA. 2010; 303: 235-41.
14. New criteria for 'obesity disease' in Japan. Circ J. 2002; 66: 987-92.
15. Office for Life-Style Related Diseases Control, General Affair Division, Health Service Bureau, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan. The National Nutrition Survey in Japan, 1950-2002. (http://www. nih. go. jp/eiken/chosa/kokumin_eiyou/) (in Japanese).
16. Matsushita Y, Takahashi Y, Mizoue T, Inoue M, Noda M, Tsugane S. Overweight and obesity trends among Japanese adults: a 10-year follow-up of the JPHC Study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008; 32: 1861-7.
17. Kubo M, Hata J, Doi Y, Tanizaki Y, Iida M, Kiyohara Y. Secular trends in the incidence of and risk factors for ischemic stroke and its subtypes in Japanese population. Circulation. 2008; 118: 2672-8.
18. Yoshiike N, Kaneda F, Takimoto H. Epidemiology of obesity and public health strategies for its control in Japan. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2002; 11 Suppl 8: S727-31.
19. Komachi Y. Recent trend in the research of hypertension in Japan. Characteristics of hypertension in Japan. Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi. 1988; 77: 1802-5 (in Japanese).
20. Kitamura A, Kiyama M, Okada T, Maeda K, Ido M, Nakamura M, et al. Trends in cardiovascular risk factors among urban Japanese male employees from 1977 to 2008. Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2010; 52: 123-32 (in Japanese).
21. Yamagishi K, Hosoda T, Sairenchi T, Mori K, Tomita H, Nishimura A, et al. Body mass index and subsequent risk of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia in a population-based sample of Japanese. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2003; 50: 1050-7 (in Japanese).
22. Ishikawa-Takata K, Ohta T, Moritaki K, Gotou T, Inoue S. Obesity, weight change and risks for hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia in Japanese men. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002; 56: 601-7.
23. Chei CL, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Body mass index and weight change since 20 years of age and risk of coronary heart disease among Japanese: the Japan Public Health Center-Based Study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008; 32: 144-51.
24. Forman JP, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Diet and lifestyle risk factors associated with incident hypertension in women. JAMA. 2009; 302: 401-11.
25. Konishi M, Iso H, Komachi Y, Iida M, Shimamoto T, Jacobs Jr DR, et al. Associations of serum total cholesterol, different types of stroke, and stenosis distribution of cerebral arteries. The Akita Pathology Study. Stroke. 1993; 24: 954-64.
26. Ogata J, Yamanishi H, Ishibashi-Ueda H. Review: role of cerebral vessels in ischaemic injury of the brain. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2011; 37: 40-55.
27. Simon G. Why do treated hypertensives suffer strokes? An internist's perspective. J Clin Hypertens. 2002; 4: 338-44.
28. Iso H, Shimamoto T, Kitamura A, Iida M, Komachi Y. Trends of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases in Japan: implications for primordial prevention. Prev Med. 1999; 29: S102-5.
29. Ohira T, Shahar E, Chambless LE, Rosamond WD, Mosley Jr TH, Folsom AR. Risk factors for ischemic stroke subtypes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Stroke. 2006; 37: 2493-8.
30. Kitamura A, Nakagawa Y, Sato M, Iso H, Sato S, Imano H, et al. Proportions of stroke subtypes among men and women & or =40 years of age in an urban Japanese city in 1992, 1997, and 2002. Stroke. 2006; 37: 1374-8.
31. Shimamoto T, Iso H, Sankai T, Iida M, Naito Y, Sato S, et al. Can blood pressure in the elderly be reduced? Findings from a long-term population survey in Japan. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 1994; 3: 42-50.
32. Fox CS, Coady S, Sorlie PD, D'Agostino Sr RB, Pencina MJ, Vasan RS, et al. Increasing cardiovascular disease burden due to diabetes mellitus: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2007; 115: 1544-50.
33. Iso H, Imano H, Kitamura A, Sato S, Naito Y, Tanigawa T, et al. Type 2 diabetes and risk of non-embolic ischaemic stroke in Japanese men and women. Diabetologia. 2004; 47: 2137-44.
34. Tanaka H, Ueda Y, Hayashi M, Date C, Baba T, Yamashita H, et al. Risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction in a Japanese rural community. Stroke. 1982; 13: 62-73.
35. Nakayama T, Date C, Yokoyama T, Yoshiike N, Yamaguchi M, Tanaka H. A 15. 5-year follow-up study of stroke in a Japanese provincial city. The Shibata Study. Stroke. 1997; 28: 45-52.
36. Curb JD, Marcus EB. Body fat, coronary heart disease, and stroke in Japanese men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991; 53: 1612S-5S.
37. Saito I, Iso H, Kokubo Y, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Body mass index, weight change and risk of stroke and stroke subtypes: the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective (JPHC) study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011; 35: 283-91.
38. Furukawa Y, Kokubo Y, Okamura T, Watanabe M, Higashiyama A, Ono Y, et al. The relationship between waist circumference and the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction in a Japanese urban cohort: the Suita study. Stroke. 2010; 41: 550-3.
39. Iso H, Sato S, Kitamura A, Imano H, Kiyama M, Yamagishi K, et al. Metabolic syndrome and the risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke among Japanese men and women. Stroke. 2007; 38: 1744-51.
40. Tanizaki Y, Kiyohara Y, Kato I, Iwamoto H, Nakayama K, Shinohara N, et al. Incidence and risk factors for subtypes of cerebral infarction in a general population: the Hisayama study. Stroke. 2000; 31: 2616-22.
41. Yonemoto K, Doi Y, Hata J, Ninomiya T, Fukuhara M, Ikeda F, et al. Body mass index and stroke incidence in a Japanese community: the Hisayama study. Hypertens Res. 2010; 34: 274-9.
42. Yatsuya H, Toyoshima H, Yamagishi K, Tamakoshi K, Taguri M, Harada A, et al. Body mass index and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction in a relatively lean population: meta-analysis of 16 Japanese cohorts using individual data. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010; 3: 498-505.
43. 2003 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2003; 21: 1011-53.
44. Imano H, Kitamura A, Sato S, Kiyama M, Ohira T, Yamagishi K, et al. Trends for blood pressure and its contribution to stroke incidence in the middle-aged Japanese population: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS). Stroke. 2009; 40: 1571-7.
45. Yatsuya H, Yamagishi K, North KE, Brancati FL, Stevens J, Folsom AR. Associations of obesity measures with subtypes of ischemic stroke in the ARIC Study. J Epidemiol. 2010; 20: 347-54.
46. Konishi M, Iso H, Iida M, Naito Y, Sato S, Komachi Y, et al. Trends for coronary heart disease and its risk factors in Japan: epidemiologic and pathologic studies. Jpn Circ J. 1990; 54: 428-35.
47. Rumana N, Kita Y, Turin TC, Murakami Y, Sugihara H, Morita Y, et al. Trend of increase in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in a Japanese population: Takashima AMI Registry, 1990-2001. Am J Epidemiol. 2008; 167: 1358-64.
48. Kubo M, Kiyohara Y, Kato I, Tanizaki Y, Arima H, Tanaka K, et al. Trends in the incidence, mortality, and survival rate of cardiovascular disease in a Japanese community: the Hisayama study. Stroke. 2003; 34: 2349-54.
49. Robertson TL, Kato H, Gordon T, Kagan A, Rhoads GG, Land CE, et al. Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California. Coronary heart disease risk factors in Japan and Hawaii. Am J Cardiol. 1977; 39: 244-9.
50. Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009; 120: 1640-5.
51. Definition and the diagnostic standard for metabolic syndrome-Committee to evaluate diagnostic standards for metabolic syndrome. Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 2005; 94: 794-809 (in Japanese).
52. Gao W. Does the constellation of risk factors with and without abdominal adiposity associate with different cardiovascular mortality risk? Int J Obes (Lond). 2008; 32: 757-62.
53. Saito I, Iso H, Kokubo Y, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Metabolic syndrome and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective (JPHC) Study. Circ J. 2009; 73: 878-84.
54. Irie F, Iso H, Noda H, Sairenchi T, Otaka E, Yamagishi K, et al. Associations between metabolic syndrome and mortality from cardiovascular disease in Japanese general population, findings on overweight and non-overweight individuals. Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study. Circ J. 2009; 73: 1635-42.
55. Kadota A, Hozawa A, Okamura T, Kadowak T, Nakmaura K, Murakami Y, et al. Relationship between metabolic risk factor clustering and cardiovascular mortality stratified by high blood glucose and obesity: NIPPON DATA90, 1990-2000. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30: 1533-8.
56. Kokubo Y, Okamura T, Yoshimasa Y, Miyamoto Y, Kawanishi K, Kotani Y, et al. Impact of metabolic syndrome components on the incidence of cardiovascular disease in a general urban Japanese population: the suita study. Hypertens Res. 2008; 31: 2027-35.
57. Noda H, Iso H, Saito I, Konishi M, Inoue M, Tsugane S. The impact of the metabolic syndrome and its components on the incidence of ischemic heart disease and stroke: the Japan public health center-based study. Hypertens Res. 2009; 32: 289-98.
58. Saito I, Konishi M, Watanabe K, Kondo H, Fujimotos K, Okada K. The metabolic syndrome and risk of stroke in a rural community in Japan. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2007; 54: 677-83 (in Japanese).
59. Klein S, Burke LE, Bray GA, Blair S, Allison DB, Pi-Sunyer X, et al. Clinical implications of obesity with specific focus on cardiovascular disease: a statement for professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism: endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation. 2004; 110: 2952-67.
60. Une H. A questionnaire survey on the annual health check-up and guidance system targeted on the metabolic syndrome. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2009; 56: 371-81 (in Japanese).