Relationship between sounding derived parameters and the strength of tornadoes in Europe and the USA from reanalysis data

Atmospheric Research

Volumn 100, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 479-488

  Grunwald S ^a   Brooks, H E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG   (Germany)

^b NATIONAL SEVERE STORMS LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Climate; Forecasting; Severe thunderstorm; Tornado

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE; GOOD DISCRIMINATORS; LIFTING CONDENSATION LEVELS; PARAMETER COMBINATION; PROXIMITY SOUNDINGS; REANALYSIS; SEVERE THUNDERSTORM; SHEAR PARAMETERS; SHEAR VALUES;

DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING; SHEAR FLOW; THUNDERSTORMS;

TORNADOES;

CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; SEVERE WEATHER; THUNDERSTORM; TORNADO; WEATHER FORECASTING; WIND SHEAR;

EUROPE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 79955659314     PISSN: 01698095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.11.011     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Brooks H.E. On the relationship of tornado path length and width to intensity. Wea. Forecasting 2004, 19:310-319.
2. Brooks H.E. Proximity soundings for Europe and the United States from reanalysis data. Atmos. Res. 2009, 93:546-553.
3. Brooks H.E., Doswell C.A., Cooper J. On the environments of tornadic and nontornadic mesocyclones. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1994, 9:606-618.
4. Brooks H.E., Doswell C.A., Kay M.P. Climatological estimates of local daily tornado probability. Wea. Forecasting 2003, 18:626-640.
5. Brooks H.E., Lee J.W., Craven J.P. The spatial distribution of severe thunderstorm and tornado environments from global reanalysis data. Atmos. Res. 2003, 67-68:73-94.
6. Brooks H.E., Anderson A.R., Riemann K., Ebbers I., Flachs H. Climatological aspects of convective parameters from the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis. Atmos. Res. 2007, 83:294-305.
7. Craven J.P., Brooks H.E. Baseline climatology of sounding derived parameters associated with deep moist convection. Nat. Weath. Dig. 2004, 28:13-24.
8. Craven J.P., Brooks H.E., Hart J.A. Baseline climatology of sounding derived parameters associated with deep, moist convection. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2002, 643-646. Preprints.
9. Craven J.P., Jewell R.E., Brooks H.E. Comparison between observed convective cloud-base heights and lifting condensation level for two different lifted parcels. Wea. Forecasting 2002, 17:885-890.
10. Davies-Jones R. Helicity trends in tornado outbreaks. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1993, 56-60. Preprints.
11. Doswell C.A. The operational meteorology of convective weather. Operational Mesoanalysis 1982, Vol. 1. 158 pp. [NTIS PB83-162321].
12. Doswell C.A. The distinction between large-scale and mesoscale contribution to severe convection: a case study example. Wea. Forecasting 1987, 2:3-16.
13. Doswell C.A., Rasmussen E.N. The effect of neglecting the virtual temperature correction on CAPE calculations. Wea. Forecasting 1994, 9:619-623.
14. Doswell C.A., Brooks H.E., Dotzek N. On the implementation of the Enhanced Fujita Scale in the USA. Atmos. Res. 2009, 93:554-563.
15. Dotzek N. Tornadoes in Germany. Atmos. Res. 2001, 56:233-252.
16. Dotzek N., Groenemeijer P., Feuerstein B., Holzer A.M. Overview of ESSL's severe convective storms research using the European Severe Weather Database ESWD. Atmos. Res. 2009, 93:575-586.
17. Groenemeijer P.H., van Delden A. Sounding-derived parameters associated with large hail and tornadoes in the Netherlands. Atmos. Res. 2007, 83:473-487.
18. Hales J.E. Improving the watch/warning system through use of significant event data. Amer. Meteor. Soc., Baltimore, Maryland, USA 1988, 165-168. Preprints.
19. Hannesen R., Dotzek N., Gysi H., Beheng K.D. Case study of a tornado in the Upper Rhine valley. Meteorol. Z. N. F. 1998, 7:163-170. [Available at essl.org].
20. Hannesen R., Dotzek N., Handwerker J. Radar analysis of a tornado over hilly terrain on 23 July 1996. Phys. Chem. Earth B 2000, 25:1079-1084. [Available at essl.org].
21. Hart J.A., Korotky W.D. The SHARP workstation-v1.50. A skew-t/hodograph analysis and research program for the IBM and compatible PC. User's manual 1991, 62 pp. Available from NOAA/NWS Forecast office, Charleston, WV.
22. Holton J.R. An introduction to dynamic meteorology 1992, Academic Press Inc.
23. Kalney E., Kanamitsu N., Kistler R., Collins W., Deaven D., Gandin L., Iredell M., Saha S., White G., Woollen J., Zhu Y., Chelliah M., Ebisuzaki W., Higgings W., Janowiak J., Mo K.C., Ropelewski C., Wang J., Leetmaa A., Reynolds B., Jenne R., Joseph D. The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1996, 77:437-472.
24. Kaltenböck R., Diendorfer G., Dotzek N. Evaluation of thunderstorm indices from ECMWF analyses, lightning data and severe storm reports. Atmos. Res. 2009, 93:381-396.
25. Markowski P.M., Rasmussen E.N., Straka J.M. The occurrence of tornadoes in supercells interacting with boundaries during VORTEX-95. Wea. Forecasting 1998, 13:852-859.
26. Markowski P.M., Straka J.M., Rasmussen E.N. Direct surface thermodynamic observations within the rear-flank downdrafts of nontornadic and tornadic supercells. Mon. Weather Rev. 2002, 130:1692-1721.
27. Rasmussen E.N., Blanchard D.O. A baseline climatology of sounding-derived supercell and tornado forecast parameters. Wea. Forecasting 1998, 13:1148-1164.
28. Rasmussen E.N., Wilhelmson R.B. Relationships between storm characteristics and 1200 GMT hodographs, low level shear, and stability. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1983, J5-J8. Preprints.
29. Romero R., Gaya M., Doswell C.A. European climatology of severe convective storm environmental parameters: a test for significant tornado events. Atmos. Res. 2007, 83:389-404.
30. Schmid W., Schiesser H.-H., Furger M., Jenni M. The origin of severe winds in a tornadic bow-echo storm over northern Switzerland. Mon. Weather Rev. 2000, 128:192-207.
31. Silverman B.W. Density estimation for statistics and data analysis. Monogr. on Statistics and Applied Probability 1986, No. 26. Chapman and Hall, 175 pp.
32. Thompson R.L., Edwards R., Hart J.A., Elmore K.L., Markowski P. Close proximity soundings within supercell environments obtained from the Rapid Update Cycle. Wea. Forecasting 2003, 18:1243-1261.
33. Wilks D.S. Statistical methods in the atmospheric sciences 2006, 158-160. Academic Press. 2nd edition.