Wind farm surge arresters energy capability and risk of failure analysis

International Review on Modelling and Simulations

Volumn 3, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 926-937

  Sarajčev, Petar ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SPLIT   (Croatia)

Author keywords

Energy absorption; Lightning; Risk of failure; Surge arrester; Wind farm

Indexed keywords

EID: 79955655521     PISSN: 19749821     EISSN: 25331701     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. L. Gertmar, L. Liljestrand, H. Lendenmann, Wind Energy Powers- That-Be Successor Generation in Globalization, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 22(Issue 1): 13-28, 2007.
2. B. Glushakov, Effective Lightning Protection For Wind Turbine Generators, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 22(Issue 1): 214-222, 2007.
3. IEC, Wind turbine generation system - 24: Lightning protection, Technical Report TR61400-24, 2002.
4. H. W. Dommel, Electromagnetic Transients Program Theory Book, (MicroTran Power System Analysis Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, 1992).
5. P. Sarajcev, R. Goic, An EMTP Model for Lightning Surge Analysis of Wind Farms, International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), Vol. 3(Issue 1): 70-81, 2010.
6. P. Sarajcev, A Review of Statistics on Lightning Currents in Relation to the Lightning Incidence of New-Generation Wind Turbines, International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), Vol. 5(Issue 3): 1285-1296, 2010.
7. Lightning and Insulator Subcommittee of the T&D Committee, Parameters of Lightning Strokes: A Review, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 20(Issue 1): 346-358, 2005.
8. IEC 62305-1, Protection against lightning - Part 1: General principles, 2006.
9. Y. Yasuda, N. Uno, H. Kobayashi, T. Funabashi, Surge Analysis on Wind Farm When Winter Lightning Strikes, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 23(Issue 1): 257-262, 2008.
10. V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, Lightning: Physics and Effects (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003).
11. T. Narita, et al., Observation of Current Waveshapes of Lightning Strokes on Transmission Towers, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 15(Issue.1): 429-435, 2000.
12. F. Rachidi, et. al., A Review of Current Issues in Lightning Protection of New-Generation Wind Turbine Blades, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 55(Issue 6): 2489-2496, 2008.
13. IEEE WG, A Simplified Method for Estimating Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. 104(Issue 4): 919-932, 1985.
14. A. Ametani, T. Kawamura, A Method of a Lightning Surge Analysis Recommended in Japan Using EMTP, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 20(Issue 2): 867-875, 2005.
15. L. V. Bewley, Travelling Waves on Transmission Systems, (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1951).
16. W. Diesendorf, Insulation Co-Ordination in High Voltage Electric Power Systems, (Butterworths, London, 1974).
17. M. A. Sargent, M. Darveniza, Tower Surge Impedance, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. 88(Issue 5): 680-687, 1969.
18. D. Romero et. al., Behaviour of the Wind-Turbines Under Lightning Strikes Including Nonlinear Grounding System, International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality, http://www.icrepq.com/PONENCIAS/4.304.MONTANYA.pdf (accessed: July 2010).
19. P. Sarajcev, S. Vujevic, Grounding Grid Analysis: Historical Background and Classification of Methods, International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), Vol. 4(Issue 4): 670-683, 2009.
20. CIGRE WG, Guide to Procedures for Estimating Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines, CIGRE SC33-WG01, Tech. Brochure 63, October 1991.
21. Y. Yasuda, T. Fujii, Equivalent equation of earth resistance for ring electrode of wind turbine, 30th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP 2010), 13 - 17 September, Cagliary, Italy, 2010.
22. L. Grcev, Impulse Efficiency of Ground Electrodes, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 24(Issue 1): 441-451, 2009.
23. L. Grcev, Modeling of Grounding Electrodes Under Lightning Currents, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 51(Issue 3): 559-571, 2009.
24. J.R. Marti, Accurate Modelling of Frequency-Dependent Transmission Lines in Electromagnetic Transient Simulations, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. 101(Issue 1): 147-155, 1982.
25. B. Gustavsen, et. al., Insulated Cables, In J.A. Martinez-Velasco (Ed.), Power System Transients - Parameter Determination, (Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2010, 137-175).
26. IEEE WG, Modelling of Current-Limiting Surge Arresters, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. 100(Issue 8): 4033-4040, 1981.
27. P. Pinceti, M. Giannettoni, A Simplified Model for Zinc Oxide Surge Arresters, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 14(Issue 2): 393-398, 1999.
28. M. Caserza Magro, M. Giannettoni, P. Pinceti, Validation of ZnO surge arresters model for overvoltage studies, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 19(Issue 4): 1692-1695, 2004.
29. J.A. Martinez-Velasco, F. Castro-Aranda, Surge Arresters, In J.A. Martinez-Velasco (Ed.), Power System Transients - Parameter Determination, (Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2010, 351-445).
30. CIGRE WG, Guidelines for Representation of Network Elements when Calculating Transients, SC 33, Group 02, 1990.
31. F. de Leon, et. al., Transformers, In J.A. Martinez-Velasco (Ed.), Power System Transients - Parameter Determination, (Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2010, 177-249).
32. A.R. Hileman, Insulation Coordination for Power Systems, (CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, 1999).
33. E.J. Tarasiewicz, F. Rimmer, A.S. Morched, Transmission Line Arrester Energy, Cost, and Risk of Failure Analysis for Partially Shielded Transmission Lines, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 15(Issue 3): 919-924, 2000.
34. L. Montanes, et. al., An Improvement for the Selection of Surge Arresters Based on the Evaluation of the Failure Probability, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 17(Issue 1): 123-128, 2002.
35. M. Garcia-Garcia, et. al., Evaluation of the failure probability for gapless metal oxide arresters, IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference, 11 - 16 April, New Orleans, USA, 1999.
36. ABB, Dimensioning, testing and application of metal oxide surge arresters in medium voltage systems, Application guidelines, 4th revised and expanded edition, ABB Switzerland, 2009.
37. P. Srajcev, I. Sarajcev, R. Goic, Transient EMF induced in LV cables due to wind turbine direct lightning strike, Electric Power Systems Research (EPSR), Vol. 80(Issue 4): 489-494, 2009.
38. W. Nowak, R. Tarko, Computer Modelling and Analysis of Lightning Surges in HV Substations due to Shielding Failure, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 25(Issue 2): 1138-1145, 2010.
39. A. Asakawa, et. al., Direct Lightning Hits on Wind Turbines in Winter Season: Lightning Observation Results for Wind Turbines at Nikaho Wind Park in Winter, IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Vol. 5, pp. 14-20, 2010.
40. M. Miki, et. al., Observation of Lightning Flashes to Wind Turbines, 30th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP 2010), 13 - 17 September, Cagliary, Italy, 2010.
41. R.A. Wailling, Overvoltage Protection and Arrester Selection for Large Wind Plants, Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 21 - 24 April, Chicago, USA, 2008.