Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic-based treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium

Future Microbiology

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 433-439

  Deshpande, Devyani ^a   Gumbo, Tawanda ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

disseminated Mycobacterium avium; ethambutol; moxifloxacin; optimized dosing; pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; CLARITHROMYCIN; ETHAMBUTOL; MACROLIDE; MOXIFLOXACIN; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIOSIS; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG PENETRATION; DRUG SAFETY; EYE TOXICITY; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HUMAN; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QT PROLONGATION; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; AZA COMPOUNDS; ETHAMBUTOL; HUMANS; MACROLIDES; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX; MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM-INTRACELLULARE INFECTION; QUINOLINES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

BACILLI (CLASS); MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM; MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX (MAC);

EID: 79955589192     PISSN: 17460913     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/fmb.11.25     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Nightingale SD, Byrd LT, Southern PM, Jockusch JD, Cal SX, Wynne BA: Incidence of Mycobacterium avium- intracellulare complex bacteremia in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. J. Infect. Dis. 165(6), 1082-1085 (1992).
2. Chaisson RE, Gallant JE, Keruly JC, Moore RD: Impact of opportunistic disease on survival in patients with HIV infection. AIDS 12(1), 29-33 (1998). (Pubitemid 28021312)
3. Chaisson RE, Moore RD, Richman DD, Keruly J, Creagh T: Incidence and natural history of Mycobacterium avium-complex infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease treated with zidovudine. The Zidovudine Epidemiology Study Group. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis 146(2), 285-289 (1992).
4. Griffith DE: Therapy of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis 20(2), 198-203 (2007).
5. Han XY, Tarrand JJ, Infante R, Jacobson KL, Truong M: Clinical significance and epidemiologic analyses of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare among patients without AIDS. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43(9), 4407-4412 (2005). (Pubitemid 41298220)
6. Karakousis PC, Moore RD, Chaisson RE: Mycobacterium avium complex in patients with HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Lancet Infect. Dis. 4(9), 557-565 (2004). (Pubitemid 39141797)
7. Kaplan JE, Benson C, Holmes KH, Brooks JT, Pau A, Masur H: Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Morb. Mortal. Wkly 58(RR-4), 1-207 (2009).
8. Gumbo T: Chemotherapy of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex disease, and leprosy. In:Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Brunton LL, Chabner B, Knollmann B (Eds). The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc., NY, USA (2011).
9. Drusano GL: Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics: critical interactions of 'bug and drug'. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2(4), 289-300 (2004). (Pubitemid 39490099)
10. Drusano GL, Johnson DE, Rosen M, Standiford HC: Pharmacodynamics of a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent in a neutropenic rat model of Pseudomonas sepsis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37(3), 483-490 (1993). (Pubitemid 23072592)
11. Craft JC, Notario GF, Grosset JH, Heifets LB: Clarithromycin resistance and susceptibility patterns of Mycobacterium avium strains isolated during prophylaxis for disseminated infection in patients with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 27(4), 807-812 (1998). (Pubitemid 29244338)
12. NCCLS: Susceptibility Testing For Mycobacteria, Nocardiae, and Other Aerobic Actinomycetes; Approved Standard. NCCLS, PA, USA, NCCLS document M24-A (2003).
13. Horsburgh CR Jr, Mason UG 3rd, Heifets LB, Southwick K, Labrecque J, Iseman MD: Response to therapy of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection correlates with results of in vitro susceptibility testing. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 135(2), 418-421 (1987). (Pubitemid 17012107)
14. Benson CA, Williams PL, Currier JS et al.: A prospective, randomized trial examining the efficacy and safety of clarithromycin in combination with ethambutol, rifabutin, or both for the treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clin. Infect. Dis. 37(9), 1234-1243 (2003). (Pubitemid 37372514)
15. Gordin FM, Sullam PM, Shafran SD et al.: A randomized, placebo-controlled study of rifabutin added to a regimen of clarithromycin and ethambutol for treatment of disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium complex. Clin. Infect. Dis. 28(5), 1080-1085 (1999). (Pubitemid 29203542)
16. Sison JP, Yao Y, Kemper CA et al.: Treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex infection: do the results of in vitro susceptibility tests predict therapeutic outcome in humans? J. Infect. Dis. 173(3), 677-683 (1996). (Pubitemid 26064070)
17. Research Committee of the British Thoracic Society: First randomised trial of treatments for pulmonary disease caused by M avium intracellulare, M malmoense, and M xenopi in HIV negative patients: rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazid versus rifampicin and ethambutol. Thorax 56(3), 167-172 (2001).
18. Kobashi Y, Yoshida K, Miyashita N, Niki Y, Oka M: Relationship between clinical efficacy of treatment of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease and drug-sensitivity testing of Mycobacterium avium complex isolates. J. Infect. Chemother. 12(4), 195-202 (2006). (Pubitemid 44327188)
19. Torriani FJ, McCutchan JA, Bozzette SA, Grafe MR, Havlir DV: Autopsy findings in AIDS patients with Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia. J. Infect. Dis. 170(6), 1601-1605 (1994). (Pubitemid 24369927)
20. Torriani FJ, Behling CA, McCutchan JA, Haubrich RH, Havlir DV: Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex: correlation between blood and tissue burden. J. Infect. Dis. 173(4), 942-949 (1996). (Pubitemid 26001171)
21. Barcia-Macay M, Seral C, Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Tulkens PM, Van Bambeke F: Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the intracellular activities of antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus in a model of THP-1 macrophages. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50(3), 841-851 (2006). (Pubitemid 43327786)
22. Paillard D, Grellet J, Dubois V, Saux MC, Quentin C: Discrepancy between uptake and intracellular activity of moxifloxacin in a Staphylococcus aureus-human THP-1 monocytic cell model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46(2), 288-293 (2002). (Pubitemid 34087170)
23. Crowle AJ, Dahl R, Ross E, May MH: Evidence that vesicles containing living, virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium in cultured human macrophages are not acidic. Infect. Immun. 59(5), 1823-1831 (1991).
24. Sturgill-Koszycki S, Schlesinger PH, Chakraborty P et al.: Lack of acidification in Mycobacterium phagosomes produced by exclusion of the vesicular proton-ATPase. Science 263(5147), 678-681 (1994).
25. Russell DG, Dant J, Sturgill-Koszycki S: Mycobacterium avium- and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-containing vacuoles are dynamic, fusion-competent vesicles that are accessible to glycosphingolipids from the host cell plasmalemma. J. Immunol. 156(12), 4764-4773 (1996). (Pubitemid 26174461)
26. Wagner D, Maser J, Lai B et al.: Elemental analysis of Mycobacterium avium-, Mycobacterium tuberculosis-, and Mycobacterium smegmatis-containing phagosomes indicates pathogen-induced microenvironments within the host cell's endosomal system. J. Immunol. 174(3), 1491-1500 (2005). n Study on the intraphagosome chemical milieu that antibiotics work in for treatment of intracellular M. avium.
27. Koreth J, Antin JH: Iron overload in hematologic malignancies and outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 95(3), 364-366 (2010).
28. de Monye C, Karcher DS, Boelaert JR, Gordeuk VR: Bone marrow macrophage iron grade and survival of HIV-seropositive patients. AIDS 13(3), 375-380 (1999). (Pubitemid 29095100)
29. Al-Khafaji B, Kralovic S, Smith RD: Increased hepatic iron in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an autopsy study. Mod. Pathol. 10(5), 474-480 (1997). (Pubitemid 27244235)
30. Lounis N, Maslo C, Truffot-Pernot C, Grosset J, Boelaert RJ: Impact of iron loading on the activity of isoniazid or ethambutol in the treatment of murine tuberculosis. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 7(6), 575-579 (2003). (Pubitemid 36713256)
31. Ambrose PG, Bhavnani SM, Rubino CM et al.: Pharmacokinetics- pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial therapy: it's not just for mice anymore. Clin. Infect. Dis. 44(1), 79-86 (2007). (Pubitemid 44968990)
32. Craig WA: Pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials: general concepts and applications. In:Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics in Theory and Practice. Nightangle CH, Ambrose PG, Drusano G.L, Murakawa T (Eds). Informa Healthcare Inc., New York, NY, USA, 1-19 (2007).
33. Gumbo T, Louie A, Deziel MR, Parsons LM, Salfinger M, Drusano GL: Selection of a moxifloxacin dose that suppresses drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, by use of an in vitro pharmacodynamic infection model and mathematical modeling. J. Infect. Dis. 190(9), 1642-1651 (2004). (Pubitemid 39411014)
34. Gumbo T, Louie A, Deziel MR, Drusano GL: Pharmacodynamic evidence that ciprofloxacin failure against tuberculosis is not due to poor microbial kill but to rapid emergence of resistance. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49(8), 3178-3181 (2005). (Pubitemid 41060557)
35. Gumbo T, Louie A, Deziel MR et al.: Concentration-dependent Mycobacterium tuberculosis killing and prevention of resistance by rifampin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51(11), 3781-3788 (2007). (Pubitemid 350057771)
36. Gumbo T, Louie A, Liu W et al.: Isoniazid bactericidal activity and resistance emergence: integrating pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenomics to predict efficacy in different ethnic populations. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51(7), 2329-2336 (2007). (Pubitemid 47047307)
37. Gumbo T, Siyambalapitiyage Dona C, Meek C, Leff R: Pharmacokinetics- pharmacodynamics of pyrazinamide in a novel in vitro model of tuberculosis for sterilizing effect: a paradigm for faster assessment of new antituberculosis drugs. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53(8), 3197-3204 (2009).
38. Srivastava S, Musuka S, Sherman C, Meek C, Leff R, Gumbo T: Efflux-pump-derived multiple drug resistance to ethambutol monotherapy in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ethambutol. J. Infect. Dis. 201(8), 1225-1231 (2010).
39. Pasipanodya J, Gumbo T: An oracle: antituberculosis pharmacokinetics- pharmacodynamics, clinical correlation, and clinical trial simulations to predict the future. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 55(1), 24-34 (2011).
40. Gumbo T, Louie A, Liu W et al.: Isoniazid's bactericidal activity ceases because of the emergence of resistance, not depletion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the log phase of growth. J. Infect. Dis. 195(2), 194-201 (2007). (Pubitemid 46080051)
41. Shandil RK, Jayaram R, Kaur P et al.: Moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: evaluation of in vitro and pharmacodynamic indices that best predict in vivo efficacy. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51(2), 576-582 (2007). (Pubitemid 46185275)
42. Deshpande D, Srivastava S, Meek C, Leff R, Hall GS, Gumbo T: Moxifloxacin pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and optimal dose and susceptibility breakpoint identification for treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54(6), 2534-2539 (2010).
43. Deshpande D, Srivastava S, Meek C, Leff R, Gumbo T: Ethambutol optimal clinical dose and susceptibility breakpoint identification by use of a novel pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of disseminated intracellular Mycobacterium avium. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54(5), 1728-1733 (2010).
44. Zhu M, Burman WJ, Starke JR et al.: Pharmacokinetics of ethambutol in children and adults with tuberculosis. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 8(11), 1360-1367 (2004). (Pubitemid 39611583)
45. Peloquin CA, Bulpitt AE, Jaresko GS, Jelliffe RW, Childs JM, Nix DE: Pharmacokinetics of ethambutol under fasting conditions, with food, and with antacids. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43(3), 568-572 (1999). (Pubitemid 29109520)
46. Conte JE Jr, Golden JA, Kipps J, Lin ET, Zurlinden E: Effects of AIDS and gender on steady-state plasma and intrapulmonary ethambutol concentrations. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45(10), 2891-2896 (2001). (Pubitemid 32906688)
47. Hand WL, Boozer RM, King-Thompson NL: Antibiotic uptake by alveolar macrophages of smokers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 27(1), 42-45 (1985). (Pubitemid 15198152)
48. Hasenbosch RE, Alffenaar JW, Koopmans SA, Kosterink JG, van der Werf TS, van AR: Ethambutol-induced optical neuropathy: risk of overdosing in obese subjects. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 12(8), 967-971 (2008).
49. Alffenaar JW, van der Werf TS: Dosing ethambutol in obese patients. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54(9), 4044 (2010).
50. Albert RK, Sbarbaro JA, Hudson LD, Iseman M: High-dose ethambutol: its role in intermittent chemotherapy. A six-year study. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 114(4), 699-704 (1976).
51. Sbarbaro JA, Hudson LD: High dose ethambutol; an oral alternate for intermittent chemotherapy. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 110(1), 91-94 (1974).
52. Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA et al.: An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 175(4), 367-416 (2007).
53. Singer J, Thorne A, Khorasheh S et al.: Symptomatic and health status outcomes in the Canadian randomized MAC treatment trial (CTN010). Canadian HIV Trials Network Protocol 010 Study Group. Int. J. STD AIDS 11(4), 212-219 (2000). (Pubitemid 30171194)
54. Shafran SD, Singer J, Zarowny DP et al.: A comparison of two regimens for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia in AIDS: rifabutin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin versus rifampin, ethambutol, clofazimine, and ciprofloxacin. Canadian HIV Trials Network Protocol 010 Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 335(6), 377-383 (1996).
55. Drusano GL, Preston SL, Fowler C, Corrado M, Weisinger B, Kahn J: Relationship between fluoroquinolone area under the curve: minimum inhibitory concentration ratio and the probability of eradication of the infecting pathogen, in patients with nosocomial pneumonia. J. Infect. Dis. 189(9), 1590-1597 (2004). (Pubitemid 38648286)
56. Simon N, Sampol E, Albanese J et al.: Population pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in plasma and bronchial secretions in patients with severe bronchopneumonia. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 74(4), 353-363 (2003). (Pubitemid 37222856)
57. Peloquin CA, Hadad DJ, Molino LP et al.: Population pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52(3), 852-857 (2008). (Pubitemid 351358362)
58. Brendel K, Canini L, Chenel M: Population pharmacokinetics- pharmacodynamics modeling of the QTc prolongation of Moxiflovoxacin and Levofloxacin in healthy volunteers: selection of the positive control in mandatory QT/QTc studies. Presented at: Annual Meeting of the Population Approach Group in Europe . Berlin, Germany, 8-11 June, 2010.