Regional dialect variation in the vowel systems of typically developing children

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research

Volumn 54, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 448-470

  Jacewicz, Ewa ^a   Fox, Robert Allen ^a   Salmons, Joseph ^b  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

Dialect acquisition; Formant movement; Regional vowel systems

Indexed keywords

AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CHILD; FEMALE; HUMAN; LANGUAGE; LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHONETICS; SPEECH;

AGE FACTORS; AGED; CHILD; CHILD LANGUAGE; FEMALE; HUMANS; LANGUAGE; LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PHONETICS; SPEECH ACOUSTICS;

EID: 79955572719     PISSN: 10924388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2010/10-0161)     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Assmann, P. F., & Katz, W. F. (2000). Time-varying spectral change in the vowels of children and adults. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 108, 1856-1866.
2. Bayley, R. (1994). Consonant cluster reduction in Tejano English. Language Variation and Change, 6, 303-326.
3. Bennett, S. (1981). Vowel formant frequency characteristics of preadolescent males and females. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 69, 231-238.
4. Busby, P.A.,& Plant, G.L. (1995). Formant frequency values of vowels produced by preadolescent boys and girls. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97, 2603-2606.
5. Chambers, J. K. (1992). Dialect acquisition. Language, 68, 673-705.
6. Chambers, J. K. (1995). Sociolinguistic theory. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.
7. Chambers, J. K. (2003). Sociolinguistic theory: Linguistic variation and its social significance (2nd ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.
8. Clopper, C. G., Pisoni, D., & de Jong, K. (2005). Acoustic characteristics of the vowel systems of six regional varieties of American English. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118, 1661-1676.
9. Cox, F. (1999). Vowel change in Australian English. Phonetica, 56, 1-27.
10. Durian, D. (2010). A new perspective on vowel variation across the 20th century in Columbus, OH. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Linguistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
11. Eckert, P. (1999). Linguistic variation as social practice. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.
12. Ferguson, S. H., & Kewley-Port, D. (2002). Vowel intelligibility in clear and conversational speech for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 112, 259-271.
13. Fitch, W. T., & Giedd, J. (1999). Morphology and development of the human vocal tract: A study using magnetic resonance imaging. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106, 1511-1522.
14. Foulkes, P., & Docherty, G. (1999). Urban voices: Accent studies in the British Isles. London, United Kingdom: Arnold.
15. Fox, R. A., & Jacewicz, E. (2009). Cross-dialectal variation in formant dynamics of AmericanEnglish vowels. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 126, 2603-2618.
16. Gauchat, L. (1905). L'unité phonétique dans le patois d'une commune (Phonetic unity in the dialect of a village). In Aus romanischen Sprachen und Literaturen: Festschrift for Heinrich Morf (From romance languages and literatures: Festschrift for Heinrich Morf) (pp. 175-232). Halle, Germany: Niemeyer.
17. Gordon, E., Campbell, L., Hay, J., Maclagan, M., Sudbury, A., & Trudgill, P. (2004). New Zealand English: Its origin and evolution. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
18. Guy, G. (1980). Variation in the group and the individual: The case of final stop deletion. In W. Labov (Ed.), Locating language in time and space (pp. 1-36). New York, NY: Academic Press.
19. Hillenbrand, J. M., Getty, L. A., Clark, M. J.,&Wheeler, K. (1995). Acoustic characteristics of American English vowels. The Journal of theAcoustical Society ofAmerica, 97, 3099-3111.
20. Hillenbrand, J. M., & Nearey, T. M. (1999). Identification of resynthesized /hVd/ utterances: Effects of formant contour. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 105, 3509-3523.
21. Hagiwara, R. (1997). Dialect variation and formant frequency: The American English vowels revisited. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 102, 655-658.
22. Jacewicz, E., Fox, R. A., O'Neill, C., & Salmons, J. (2009). Articulation rate across dialect, age, and gender. Language Variation and Change, 21, 233-256.
23. Jacewicz, E., Fox, R. A., & Salmons, J. (2007). Vowel duration in three American English dialects. American Speech, 82, 367-385.
24. Jacewicz, E., Fox, R. A., & Wei, L. (2010). Between-speaker and within-speaker variation in speech tempo of American English. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 128, 839-850.
25. Kerswill, P. (1994). Dialects converging: Rural speech in urban Norway. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
26. Kerswill, P. (1996). Children, adolescents, and language change. Language Variation and Change, 8, 177-202.
27. Kerswill, P. (2003). Dialect levelling and geographical diffusion in British English. In D. Britain & J. Cheshire (Eds.), Social dialectology: In honour of Peter Trudgill (pp. 223-243). Amsterdam, the Netherlands: John Benjamins.
28. Kerswill, P., Torgersen, E. N., & Fox, S. (2008). Reversing "drift": Innovation and diffusion in the London diphthong system. Language Variation and Change, 20, 451-491.
29. Kerswill, P., & Williams, A. (2000). Creating a new town koine: Children and language change in Milton Keynes. Language in Society, 29, 65-115.
30. Labov, W. (1991). The three dialects of English. In P. Eckert (Ed.), New ways of analyzing sound change (pp. 1-44). New York, NY: Academic Press.
31. Labov, W. (1994). Principles of linguistic change. Volume 1: Internal factors. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.
32. Labov, W. (2001). Principles of linguistic change. Volume 2: Social factors. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.
33. Labov, W. (2007). Transmission and diffusion. Language, 83, 344-387.
34. Labov, W. (2010a). Principles of linguistic change. Volume 3: Cognitive factors. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.
35. Labov, W. (2010b, March). What is to be learned? Paper presented at the 34th LAUD Symposium on Cognitive Sociolinguistics, Landau, Germany.
36. Labov, W., Ash, S., & Boberg, C. (2006). Atlas of North American English: Phonetics, phonology, and sound change. Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter.
37. Lee, S., Potamianos, A., & Narayanan, S. (1999). Acoustics of children's speech: Developmental changes of temporal and spectral parameters. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 105, 1455-1468.
38. Lieberman, P. (1980). On the development of vowel production in young children. In G. H. Yeni-Komshian, J. S. Kavanagh, & C. A. Ferguson (Eds.), Child phonology (Vol. 1, pp. 113-142). New York, NY: Academic Press.
39. Lobanov, B. (1971). Classification of Russian vowels spoken by different speakers. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 49, 606-608.
40. Milenkovic, P. (2003). TF32 software program. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin.
41. Nearey, T. M., & Assmann, P. F. (1986). Modeling the role of inherent spectral change in vowel identification. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 80, 1297-1308.
42. Olive, J. P., Greenwood, A., & Coleman, J. (1993). Acoustics of American English speech. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
43. Patrick, P. (1991). Creoles at the intersection of variable processes: -t, d deletion and past-tense marking in the Jamaican mesolect. Language Variation and Change, 3, 171-189.
44. Payne, A. (1980). Factors controlling the acquisition of the Philadelphia dialect by out of-state children. In W. Labov (Ed.), Locating language in time and space (pp. 143-178). New York, NY: Academic Press.
45. Perry, T. L., Ohde, R. N., & Ashmead, D. H. (2001). The acoustic bases for gender identification from children's voices. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 109, 2988-2998.
46. Peterson, G. E., & Barney, H. L. (1952). Control methods used in a study of the vowels. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 24, 175-184.
47. Peterson, G. E., & Lehiste, I. (1960). Duration of syllable nuclei in English. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 32, 693-703.
48. Pickett, J. M. (1999). The acoustics of speech communication: Fundamentals, speech perception theory, and technology. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
49. Pollock, K. E., & Keiser, N. J. (1990). An examination of vowel errors in phonologically disordered children. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 4, 161-178.
50. Roberts, J. (1997a). Acquisition of variable rules: A study of (-t,d) deletion in preschool children. Journal of Child Language, 24, 351-372.
51. Roberts, J. (1997b). Hitting a moving target: Acquisition of sound change in progress by Philadelphia children. Language Variation and Change, 9, 249-266.
52. Roberts, J. (2002). Child language variation. In J. K. Chambers, P. Trudgill, & N. Schilling-Estes (Eds.), The handbook of language variation and change (pp. 333-348). Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.
53. Roberts, J., & Labov, W. (1995). Learning to talkPhiladelphian. Language Variation and Change, 7, 101-122.
54. Rys, K., & Bonte, D. (2006). The role of linguistic factors in the process of second dialect acquisition. In F. Hinskens (Ed.), Language variation-European perspectives (pp. 201-215). Amsterdam, the Netherlands: John Benjamins.
55. Salmons, J., & Purnell, T. (2010). Language contact and the development of American English. In R. Hickey (Ed.), The handbook of language contact (pp. 454-477). Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.
56. Sievers, E. (1881). Grundzüge der phonetik (Fundamentals of phonetics) (2nd ed.). Leipzig, Germany: Breitkopf & Härtel.
57. Sledd, J. (1966). Breaking, umlaut, and the southern drawl. Language, 42, 18-41.
58. Smith, J., Durham, M., & Fortune, L. (2009). Universal and dialect-specific pathways of acquisition: Caregivers, children, and t/d deletion. Language Variation and Change, 21, 69-95.
59. Stanford, J. N. (2008). Child dialect acquisition: New perspectives on parent/peer influence. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 12, 567-596.
60. Stoel-Gammon, C.,& Beckett Herrington, P. (1990). Vowel systems of normally developing and phonologically disordered children. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 4, 145-160.
61. Tagliamonte, S., & Temple, R. (2005). New perspectives on an ol' variable: (t,d) in British English. Language Variation and Change, 17, 281-302.
62. Templin, M. (1957). Certain language skills in children: Their development and interrelationships. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
63. Thomas, E. (2001). An acoustic analysis of vowel variation in New World English. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
64. Torgersen, E., & Kerswill, P. (2004). Internal and external motivation in phonetic change: Dialect levelling outcomes for an English vowel shift. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 8, 23-53.
65. Trudgill, P. (1974). The social differentiation of English in Norwich. Cambridge,United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
66. Trudgill, P. (1986). Dialects in contact. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.
67. Trudgill, P. (2004). New-dialect formation: The inevitability of colonial Englishes. Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press.
68. Van Son, R. J. J. H., & Pols, L. C. W. (1992). Formant movements of Dutch vowels in a text, read at normal and fast rate. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 92, 121-127.
69. Vorperian, H. K., & Kent, R. D. (2007). Vowel acoustic space development in children: A synthesis of acoustic and anatomic data. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 1510-1545.
70. Watson, C. I., & Harrington, J. (1999). Acoustic evidence for dynamic formant trajectories in Australian English vowels. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106, 458-468.
71. Whiteside, S. P. (2001). Sex-specific fundamental and formant frequency patterns in a cross-sectional study. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 110, 464-478.
72. Whiteside, S. P., & Hodgson, C. (2000). Speech patterns of children and adults elicited via a picture-naming task: An acoustic study. Speech Communication, 32, 267-285.
73. Winitz, H., & Irwin, O. (1958). Syllabic and phonetic structure of infants' early words. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1, 250-256.
74. Wolfram, W., & Schilling-Estes, N. (2006). American English: Dialects and variation (2nd ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.