메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 83, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 344-387

Transmission and diffusion

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 35148894120     PISSN: 00978507     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/lan.2007.0082     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (486)

References (102)
  • 1
    • 84937379700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution of a phonemic split in the Mid-Atlantic region: Yet more on short a.Penn Working
    • Papers in Linguistics Papers from NWAV, 8.3.1-15
    • ASH, SHARON. 2002. The distribution of a phonemic split in the Mid-Atlantic region: Yet more on short a.Penn Working Papers in Linguistics (Papers from NWAV 30) 8.3.1-15.
    • (2002) , vol.30
    • ASH, S.1
  • 2
    • 41349116350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AUER, PETER, and FRANS HINSKENS. 1996. The convergence and divergence of dialects in Europe: New and not so new developments in an old area. Sociolinguistica 10.1-30.
    • AUER, PETER, and FRANS HINSKENS. 1996. The convergence and divergence of dialects in Europe: New and not so new developments in an old area. Sociolinguistica 10.1-30.
  • 3
    • 41349094848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BABBITT, E. H. 1896. The English of the lower classes in New York City and vicinity. Dialect Notes 1.457-64.
    • BABBITT, E. H. 1896. The English of the lower classes in New York City and vicinity. Dialect Notes 1.457-64.
  • 4
    • 84974489059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAILEY, GUY; TOM WIKLE; JAN TILLERY; and LORI SAND. 1993. Some patterns of linguistic diffusion. Language Variation and Change 5.359-90.
    • BAILEY, GUY; TOM WIKLE; JAN TILLERY; and LORI SAND. 1993. Some patterns of linguistic diffusion. Language Variation and Change 5.359-90.
  • 5
    • 41349090661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BANUAZIZI, ATISSA, and MIRIAM LIPSON. 1998. The tensing of /æ/ before /l/: An anomalous case for short-α rules of white Philadelphia speech. Papers in sociolinguistics: NWAVE-26 à l'Université Laval, ed. by Claude Paradis, D. Vincent, D. Deshaies, and M. Laforest, 41-51. Quebec: Editions Nota Bene.
    • BANUAZIZI, ATISSA, and MIRIAM LIPSON. 1998. The tensing of /æ/ before /l/: An anomalous case for short-α rules of white Philadelphia speech. Papers in sociolinguistics: NWAVE-26 à l'Université Laval, ed. by Claude Paradis, D. Vincent, D. Deshaies, and M. Laforest, 41-51. Quebec: Editions Nota Bene.
  • 6
    • 41349106616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BERGER, MARSHALL D. 1980. New York City and the ante-bellum South: The maritime connection. International Linguistic Association 31.1.47-53.
    • BERGER, MARSHALL D. 1980. New York City and the ante-bellum South: The maritime connection. International Linguistic Association 31.1.47-53.
  • 7
    • 0040202723 scopus 로고
    • Harvard Middle Eastern monographs 10, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • BLANC, HAIM. 1964. Communal dialects in Baghdad. (Harvard Middle Eastern monographs 10.) Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (1964) Communal dialects in Baghdad
    • BLANC, H.1
  • 8
    • 41349092115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BLANKENHORN, M. A. 1950. Visit to the grave of Daniel Drake. Bulletin of the Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio 8.297-300.
    • BLANKENHORN, M. A. 1950. Visit to the grave of Daniel Drake. Bulletin of the Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio 8.297-300.
  • 9
    • 0004123567 scopus 로고
    • New York: Henry Holt
    • BLOOMFIELD, LEONARD. 1933. Language. New York: Henry Holt.
    • (1933) Language
    • BLOOMFIELD, L.1
  • 10
    • 85007953500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BOBERG, CHARLES. 2000. Geolinguistic diffusion and the U.S.-Canada border. Language Variation and Change 12.1-24.
    • BOBERG, CHARLES. 2000. Geolinguistic diffusion and the U.S.-Canada border. Language Variation and Change 12.1-24.
  • 11
    • 7444268961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real and apparent time in language change: Late adoption of changes in Montreal English
    • 79.250-69
    • BOBERG, CHARLES. 2004. Real and apparent time in language change: Late adoption of changes in Montreal English. American Speech 79.250-69.
    • (2004) American Speech
    • BOBERG, C.1
  • 13
    • 41349097130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRITAIN, DAVID. 1997. Dialect contact, focusing and phonological rule complexity: The koineisation of Fenland English. Penn Working Papers in Linguistics (A selection of papers from NWAVE 25) 4.1.141-69.
    • BRITAIN, DAVID. 1997. Dialect contact, focusing and phonological rule complexity: The koineisation of Fenland English. Penn Working Papers in Linguistics (A selection of papers from NWAVE 25) 4.1.141-69.
  • 14
    • 84976035978 scopus 로고
    • Phonological change and the development of an urban dialect in Illinois
    • 4.155-70
    • CALLARY, ROBERT E. 1975. Phonological change and the development of an urban dialect in Illinois. Language in Society 4.155-70.
    • (1975) Language in Society
    • CALLARY, R.E.1
  • 15
    • 41349101585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CAMPBELL, LYLE. 1993. On proposed universals of grammatical borrowing. Historical linguistics 1989: Papers from the 9th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, ed. by Henk Aertsem and Robert J. Jeffers, 91-109. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
    • CAMPBELL, LYLE. 1993. On proposed universals of grammatical borrowing. Historical linguistics 1989: Papers from the 9th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, ed. by Henk Aertsem and Robert J. Jeffers, 91-109. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • 16
    • 41349122265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CARNES, MARK C., and JOHN A. GARRATY. 1996. Mapping America's past: A historical atlas. New York: H. Holt.
    • CARNES, MARK C., and JOHN A. GARRATY. 1996. Mapping America's past: A historical atlas. New York: H. Holt.
  • 18
    • 41349084406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CEDERGREN, HENRIETTA. 1988. The spread of language change: Verifying inferences of linguistic diffusion. Language spread and language policy: Issues, implications and case studies (Georgetown University Round Table on Language and Linguistics), ed. by Peter H. Lowenberg, 45-60. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
    • CEDERGREN, HENRIETTA. 1988. The spread of language change: Verifying inferences of linguistic diffusion. Language spread and language policy: Issues, implications and case studies (Georgetown University Round Table on Language and Linguistics), ed. by Peter H. Lowenberg, 45-60. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
  • 20
    • 41349093389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DI PAOLO, MARIANNA. 1988. Pronunciation and categorization in sound change. Linguistic change and contact: NWAV 16, ed. by Kathleen Ferrara, Becky Brown, Keith Walters, and John Baugh, 84-92. Austin: Department of Linguistics, University of Texas.
    • DI PAOLO, MARIANNA. 1988. Pronunciation and categorization in sound change. Linguistic change and contact: NWAV 16, ed. by Kathleen Ferrara, Becky Brown, Keith Walters, and John Baugh, 84-92. Austin: Department of Linguistics, University of Texas.
  • 21
    • 85007966769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DUBOIS, SYLVIE, and BARBARA HORVATH. 1998. Let's think about dat: Interdental fricatives in Cajun English. Language Variation and Change 10.245-61.
    • DUBOIS, SYLVIE, and BARBARA HORVATH. 1998. Let's think about dat: Interdental fricatives in Cajun English. Language Variation and Change 10.245-61.
  • 23
    • 84928838596 scopus 로고
    • Adolescent social structure and the spread of linguistic change
    • 17.183-208
    • ECKERT, PENELOPE. 1988. Adolescent social structure and the spread of linguistic change. Language in Society 17.183-208.
    • (1988) Language in Society
    • ECKERT, P.1
  • 25
    • 41349103269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FERGUSON, CHARLES A. 1975. 'Short a' in Philadelphia English. Studies in linguistics in honor of George L. Trager, ed. by M. Estellie Smith, 259-74. The Hague: Mouton.
    • FERGUSON, CHARLES A. 1975. 'Short a' in Philadelphia English. Studies in linguistics in honor of George L. Trager, ed. by M. Estellie Smith, 259-74. The Hague: Mouton.
  • 26
    • 41349098396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FISCHER, DAVID HACKETT. 1989. Albion's seed: Four British folkways in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • FISCHER, DAVID HACKETT. 1989. Albion's seed: Four British folkways in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 27
    • 84925914005 scopus 로고
    • South Midland pronunciation in the North Central states
    • 53.40-48
    • FRAZER, TIMOTHY C. 1978. South Midland pronunciation in the North Central states. American Speech 53.40-48.
    • (1978) American Speech
    • FRAZER, T.C.1
  • 28
    • 84973769170 scopus 로고
    • The speech island of the American bottoms: A problem in social history
    • 54.185-93
    • FRAZER, TIMOTHY C. 1979. The speech island of the American bottoms: A problem in social history. American Speech 54.185-93.
    • (1979) American Speech
    • FRAZER, T.C.1
  • 29
    • 41349111125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FRAZER, TIMOTHY C. (ed.) 1993. 'Heartland' English. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
    • FRAZER, TIMOTHY C. (ed.) 1993. 'Heartland' English. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
  • 31
    • 41349093598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GUY, JACQUES B. M. 1982. Bases for new methods in glottochronology. Papers from the third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, 1 (Pacific Linguistics C-74), ed. by Amran Halim, Lois Carrington, and Stephen Wurms, 283-314. Canberra: Australian National University.
    • GUY, JACQUES B. M. 1982. Bases for new methods in glottochronology. Papers from the third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, vol. 1 (Pacific Linguistics C-74), ed. by Amran Halim, Lois Carrington, and Stephen Wurms, 283-314. Canberra: Australian National University.
  • 32
    • 0038405966 scopus 로고
    • Phonology in generative grammar
    • 18.54-72
    • HALLE, MORRIS. 1962. Phonology in generative grammar. Word 18.54-72.
    • (1962) Word
    • HALLE, M.1
  • 34
    • 41349108072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The short-a pattern of Philadelphia among African American speakers
    • 3.127-40
    • HENDERSON, ANITA. 1996. The short-a pattern of Philadelphia among African American speakers. Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 3.127-40.
    • (1996) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics
    • HENDERSON, A.1
  • 35
    • 41349117855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HEROLD, RUTH. 1990. Mechanisms of merger: The implementation and distribution of the low back merger in Eastern Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania dissertation.
    • HEROLD, RUTH. 1990. Mechanisms of merger: The implementation and distribution of the low back merger in Eastern Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania dissertation.
  • 36
    • 41349123110 scopus 로고
    • Bloomington: Indiana University Research Center in Anthropology, Folklore, and Linguistics
    • HERZOG, MARVIN I. 1965. The Yiddish language in Northern Poland. Bloomington: Indiana University Research Center in Anthropology, Folklore, and Linguistics.
    • (1965) The Yiddish language in Northern Poland
    • HERZOG, M.I.1
  • 40
    • 41349111724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JANDA, RICHARD D., and BRIAN D. JOSEPH. 2001. Reconsidering the canons of sound-change: Towards a 'Big Bang' theory. Selected papers from the 15th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, ed. by Barry J. Blake and Kate Burridge, 205-19. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
    • JANDA, RICHARD D., and BRIAN D. JOSEPH. 2001. Reconsidering the canons of sound-change: Towards a 'Big Bang' theory. Selected papers from the 15th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, ed. by Barry J. Blake and Kate Burridge, 205-19. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • 41
    • 0024489087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JOHNSON, JACQUELINE S., and ELISSA L. NEWPORT. 1989. Critical period effects in second-language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language. Cognitive Psychology 21.60-99.
    • JOHNSON, JACQUELINE S., and ELISSA L. NEWPORT. 1989. Critical period effects in second-language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language. Cognitive Psychology 21.60-99.
  • 42
    • 41349120082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Processes of spread for syntactic constructions in the Balkans
    • ed. by and, Thessaloniki: University of Thessaloniki
    • JOSEPH, BRIAN D. 2000. Processes of spread for syntactic constructions in the Balkans. Balkan Linguistik: Synchronie und Diachronie, ed. by Christos Tzitzilis and Charalambos Symeonidis, 139-50. Thessaloniki: University of Thessaloniki.
    • (2000) Balkan Linguistik: Synchronie und Diachronie , pp. 139-150
    • JOSEPH, B.D.1
  • 43
    • 33645458904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dialect levelling and geographical diffusion in British English
    • ed. by and, Amsterdam: John Benjamins
    • KERSWILL, PAUL. 2004. Dialect levelling and geographical diffusion in British English. Social dialectology: In honour of Peter Trudgill, ed. by David Britain and Jenny Cheshire, 223-43. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
    • (2004) Social dialectology: In honour of Peter Trudgill , pp. 223-243
    • KERSWILL, P.1
  • 45
    • 0037883205 scopus 로고
    • Phonological change
    • ed. by, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • KIPARSKY, PAUL. 1988. Phonological change. Linguistics: The Cambridge survey, ed. by Frederick Newmeyer, 363-415. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1988) Linguistics: The Cambridge survey , pp. 363-415
    • KIPARSKY, P.1
  • 46
    • 33746157066 scopus 로고
    • Waltham, MA: American Jewish Historical Society
    • KORN, BERTRAM W. 1969. The early Jews of New Orleans. Waltham, MA: American Jewish Historical Society.
    • (1969) The early Jews of New Orleans
    • KORN, B.W.1
  • 48
    • 41349117243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KURATH, HANS, and RAVEN I. MCDAVID, JR. 1961. The pronunciation of English in the Atlantic States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
    • KURATH, HANS, and RAVEN I. MCDAVID, JR. 1961. The pronunciation of English in the Atlantic States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • 49
    • 0003461839 scopus 로고
    • Washington DC: Center for Applied Linguistics, 2nd edn, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • LABOV, WILLIAM. 1966. The social stratification of English in New York City. Washington DC: Center for Applied Linguistics. [2nd edn., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.]
    • (1966) The social stratification of English in New York City
    • LABOV, W.1
  • 50
    • 41349094847 scopus 로고
    • The relative influence of family and peers on the learning of language
    • ed. by and, Rome: Bulzoni
    • LABOV, WILLIAM. 1976. The relative influence of family and peers on the learning of language. Aspetti sociolinguistici dell' Italia contemporanea, ed. by Raffaele Simone and Giulianella Ruggiero, 11-56. Rome: Bulzoni.
    • (1976) Aspetti sociolinguistici dell' Italia contemporanea , pp. 11-56
    • LABOV, W.1
  • 51
    • 84929065406 scopus 로고
    • The child as linguistic historian
    • 1.85-97
    • LABOV, WILLIAM. 1989a. The child as linguistic historian. Language Variation and Change 1.85-97.
    • (1989) Language Variation and Change
    • LABOV, W.1
  • 52
    • 41349113224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LABOV, WILLIAM. 1989b. The exact description of the speech community: Short a in Philadelphia. Language Change and Variation, ed. by Ralph Fasold and Deborah Schiffrin, 1-57. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
    • LABOV, WILLIAM. 1989b. The exact description of the speech community: Short a in Philadelphia. Language Change and Variation, ed. by Ralph Fasold and Deborah Schiffrin, 1-57. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
  • 53
    • 0002377332 scopus 로고
    • The three dialects of English
    • ed. by, New York: Academic Press
    • LABOV, WILLIAM. 1991. The three dialects of English. New ways of analyzing sound change, ed. by Penelope Eckert, 1-44. New York: Academic Press.
    • (1991) New ways of analyzing sound change , pp. 1-44
    • LABOV, W.1
  • 54
    • 41349096715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LABOV, WILLIAM. 1994. Principles of linguistic change, 1: Internal factors. Oxford: Blackwell.
    • LABOV, WILLIAM. 1994. Principles of linguistic change, vol. 1: Internal factors. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • 55
    • 41349088001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LABOV, WILLIAM. 2001. Principles of linguistic change, 2: Social factors. Oxford: Blackwell.
    • LABOV, WILLIAM. 2001. Principles of linguistic change, vol. 2: Social factors. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • 56
    • 41349106222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LABOV, WILLIAM. 2004. Yankee cultural imperialism and the Northern Cities Shift. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Modern Language Association, Philadelphia.
    • LABOV, WILLIAM. 2004. Yankee cultural imperialism and the Northern Cities Shift. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Modern Language Association, Philadelphia.
  • 58
    • 84930565713 scopus 로고
    • Near-mergers and the suspension of phonemic contrast
    • 3.33-74
    • LABOV, WILLIAM; MARK KARAN; and COREY MILLER. 1991. Near-mergers and the suspension of phonemic contrast. Language Variation and Change 3.33-74.
    • (1991) Language Variation and Change
    • LABOV, W.1    MARK, K.2    COREY, M.3
  • 60
    • 84938048225 scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity in phonological variation and change
    • 55.603-17
    • LAFERRIERE, MARTHA. 1979. Ethnicity in phonological variation and change. Language 55.603-17.
    • (1979) Language
    • LAFERRIERE, M.1
  • 62
    • 0041022458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catastrophic change and learning theory
    • 100.171-92
    • LIGHTFOOT, DAVID. 1997. Catastrophic change and learning theory. Lingua 100.171-92.
    • (1997) Lingua
    • LIGHTFOOT, D.1
  • 65
    • 41349093818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MCNABB, DONNALD, and LOUIS E. MADÈRE, JR. 1983. A history of New Orleans. Online: http://www.madere.com/history.html.
    • MCNABB, DONNALD, and LOUIS E. MADÈRE, JR. 1983. A history of New Orleans. Online: http://www.madere.com/history.html.
  • 66
    • 41349094218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MODARESSI, YAHYA. 1978. A sociolinguistic investigation of modern Persian. Lawrence: University of Kansas dissertation.
    • MODARESSI, YAHYA. 1978. A sociolinguistic investigation of modern Persian. Lawrence: University of Kansas dissertation.
  • 67
    • 41349099217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MORAVCSIK, EDITH. 1978. Language contact. Universals of human language, 1, ed. by Joseph H. Greenberg, 93-122. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
    • MORAVCSIK, EDITH. 1978. Language contact. Universals of human language, vol. 1, ed. by Joseph H. Greenberg, 93-122. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • 68
    • 33644602381 scopus 로고
    • The short vowel systems of Northern Switzerland: A study in structural dialectology
    • 16.155-82
    • MOULTON, WILLIAM G. 1960. The short vowel systems of Northern Switzerland: A study in structural dialectology. Word 16.155-82.
    • (1960) Word
    • MOULTON, W.G.1
  • 69
    • 41349086246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MURRAY, THOMAS E. 1993. The language of St. Louis, Missouri: Dialect mixture in the urban Midwest. In Frazer 1993, 125-36.
    • MURRAY, THOMAS E. 1993. The language of St. Louis, Missouri: Dialect mixture in the urban Midwest. In Frazer 1993, 125-36.
  • 70
    • 85008520381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language variation and change in the urban midwest: The case of St. Louis, Missouri
    • 14.347-61
    • MURRAY, THOMAS E. 2002. Language variation and change in the urban midwest: The case of St. Louis, Missouri. Language Variation and Change 14.347-61.
    • (2002) Language Variation and Change
    • MURRAY, T.E.1
  • 71
    • 2442452242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical periods in language development
    • ed. by, London: Macmillan
    • NEWPORT, ELISSA L. 2002. Critical periods in language development. Encyclopedia of cognitive science, ed. by Lynn Nadel, 737-40. London: Macmillan.
    • (2002) Encyclopedia of cognitive science , pp. 737-740
    • NEWPORT, E.L.1
  • 72
    • 41349099216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OYAMA, SUSAN. 1973. A sensitive period for the acquisition of a second language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University dissertation.
    • OYAMA, SUSAN. 1973. A sensitive period for the acquisition of a second language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University dissertation.
  • 73
    • 41349086068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PAYNE, ARVILLA. 1976. The acquisition of the phonological system of a second dialect. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania dissertation.
    • PAYNE, ARVILLA. 1976. The acquisition of the phonological system of a second dialect. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania dissertation.
  • 74
    • 0007071908 scopus 로고
    • Factors controlling the acquisition of the Philadelphia dialect by out-of-state children
    • ed. by, New York: Academic Press
    • PAYNE, ARVILLA. 1980. Factors controlling the acquisition of the Philadelphia dialect by out-of-state children. Locating language in time and space, ed. by William Labov, 143-78. New York: Academic Press.
    • (1980) Locating language in time and space , pp. 143-178
    • PAYNE, A.1
  • 75
    • 0010744083 scopus 로고
    • P;, and, eds, 7 vols. Athens: University of Georgia Press
    • PEDERSON, LEE; SUSAN MCDANIEL; and CAROL ADAMS (eds.) 1986. Linguistic atlas of the Gulf States. 7 vols. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
    • (1986) Linguistic atlas of the Gulf States
  • 78
    • 41349118588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ROBERTS, JULIA. 1993. The acquisition of variable rules: t,d deletion and -ing production in preschool children. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania dissertation.
    • ROBERTS, JULIA. 1993. The acquisition of variable rules: t,d deletion and -ing production in preschool children. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania dissertation.
  • 79
    • 84972277327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ROBERTS, JULIA, and WILLIAM LABOV. 1995. Learning to talk Philadelphian: Acquisition of short a by preschool children. Language Variation and Change 7.101-12.
    • ROBERTS, JULIA, and WILLIAM LABOV. 1995. Learning to talk Philadelphian: Acquisition of short a by preschool children. Language Variation and Change 7.101-12.
  • 80
    • 4444295202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linguistic outcomes of language contact
    • ed. by, and, Oxford: Blackwell
    • SANKOFF, GILLIAN. 2001. Linguistic outcomes of language contact. The handbook of language variation and change, ed. by Jack Chambers, Peter Trudgill, and Natalie Schilling-Estes, 638-68. Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (2001) The handbook of language variation and change , pp. 638-668
    • SANKOFF, G.1
  • 81
    • 85189395087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescents, young adults and the critical period: Two case studies from 'Seven Up
    • ed. by, Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • SANKOFF, GILLIAN. 2004. Adolescents, young adults and the critical period: Two case studies from 'Seven Up'. Sociolinguistic variation: Critical reflections, ed. by Carmen Fought, 121-39. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (2004) Sociolinguistic variation: Critical reflections , pp. 121-139
    • SANKOFF, G.1
  • 82
    • 41349103915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SANKOFF, GILLIAN; HÉLÈNE BLONDEAU; and ANNE CHARITY. 2001. Individual roles in a real-time change: Montreal (r>R) 1947-1995. 'r-atics: Sociolinguistic, phonetic and phonological characteristics of /r/ (Special issue of Etudes & Travaux 4), ed. by Hans van de Velde and Roeland van Hout, 141-58.
    • SANKOFF, GILLIAN; HÉLÈNE BLONDEAU; and ANNE CHARITY. 2001. Individual roles in a real-time change: Montreal (r>R) 1947-1995. 'r-atics: Sociolinguistic, phonetic and phonological characteristics of /r/ (Special issue of Etudes & Travaux 4), ed. by Hans van de Velde and Roeland van Hout, 141-58.
  • 83
    • 41349120281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCHMIDT, JOHANNES. 1871. Zur Geschichte des indogermanischen Vocalismus (Part 1). Weimar: H. Böhlau.
    • SCHMIDT, JOHANNES. 1871. Zur Geschichte des indogermanischen Vocalismus (Part 1). Weimar: H. Böhlau.
  • 84
    • 84937325156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical review of the critical period research
    • 20.213-23
    • SCOVEL, THOMAS. 2000. A critical review of the critical period research. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 20.213-23.
    • (2000) Annual Review of Applied Linguistics
    • SCOVEL, T.1
  • 86
    • 41349098397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SHEPARD, LEE. 1949. When, and by whom, was Cincinnati founded? Bulletin of the Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio 7.28-34.
    • SHEPARD, LEE. 1949. When, and by whom, was Cincinnati founded? Bulletin of the Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio 7.28-34.
  • 89
    • 41349118154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STEVENS, HARRY R. 1952. Cincinnati's founding fathers: Isaac Burnet. Bulletin of the Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio 10.231-39.
    • STEVENS, HARRY R. 1952. Cincinnati's founding fathers: Isaac Burnet. Bulletin of the Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio 10.231-39.
  • 91
    • 41349086906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRAGER, GEORGE L. 1930. The pronunciation of 'short a' in American Standard English. American Speech 5.396-400.
    • TRAGER, GEORGE L. 1930. The pronunciation of 'short a' in American Standard English. American Speech 5.396-400.
  • 92
    • 41349088894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRAGER, GEORGE L. 1934. What conditions limit variants of a phoneme? American Speech 9.313-15.
    • TRAGER, GEORGE L. 1934. What conditions limit variants of a phoneme? American Speech 9.313-15.
  • 93
    • 84875428158 scopus 로고
    • One phonemic entity becomes two: The case of 'short a
    • 17.30-41
    • TRAGER, GEORGE L. 1942. One phonemic entity becomes two: The case of 'short a'. American Speech 17.30-41.
    • (1942) American Speech
    • TRAGER, G.L.1
  • 94
    • 84976027969 scopus 로고
    • Linguistic change and diffusion: Description and explanation in sociolinguistic dialect geography
    • 3.215-46
    • TRUDGILL, PETER. 1974. Linguistic change and diffusion: Description and explanation in sociolinguistic dialect geography. Language in Society 3.215-46.
    • (1974) Language in Society
    • TRUDGILL, P.1
  • 96
    • 84969479822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRUDGILL, PETER. 1988. Norwich revisited: Recent linguistic changes in an English urban dialect. English World-Wide 9.33-49.
    • TRUDGILL, PETER. 1988. Norwich revisited: Recent linguistic changes in an English urban dialect. English World-Wide 9.33-49.
  • 97
    • 41349122264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dialect typology: Isolation, social network and phonological structure
    • ed. by, and, Amsterdam: John Benjamins
    • TRUDGILL, PETER. 1996. Dialect typology: Isolation, social network and phonological structure. Towards a social science of language: Papers in honor of William Labov, vol. 1, ed. by Gregory Guy, Crawford Feagin, and John Baugh, 3-22. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
    • (1996) Towards a social science of language: Papers in honor of William Labov , vol.1 , pp. 3-22
    • TRUDGILL, P.1
  • 99
    • 0003844187 scopus 로고
    • The Hague: Mouton, Originally published as Publications of the Linguistic Circle of New York 1
    • WEINREICH, URIEL. 1968. Languages in contact: Findings and problems. The Hague: Mouton. [Originally published as Publications of the Linguistic Circle of New York 1, 1953.]
    • (1953) Languages in contact: Findings and problems
    • WEINREICH, U.1
  • 101
    • 84960304721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dialectology and linguistic diffusion
    • ed. by Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda, Oxford: Blackwell
    • WOLFRAM, WALT, and NATALIE SCHILLING-ESTES. 2003. Dialectology and linguistic diffusion. The handbook of historical linguistics, ed. by Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda, 713-35. Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (2003) The handbook of historical linguistics , pp. 713-735
    • WOLFRAM, W.1    SCHILLING-ESTES, N.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.