What happens in session does not stay in session: Changes within exposures predict subsequent improvement and dropout

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 654-660

  Norton, Peter J ^a   Hayes Skelton, Sarah A ^b   Klenck, Suzanne C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Emotional processing; Exposure; Habituation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; COGNITIVE THERAPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMOTIONALITY; FEMALE; HABITUATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT PLANNING; TREATMENT REFUSAL; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL;

ANXIETY DISORDERS; COGNITIVE THERAPY; EMOTIONS; HABITUATION, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC; HUMANS; IMPLOSIVE THERAPY; PATIENT DROPOUTS; PSYCHOTHERAPY, GROUP; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 79955546295     PISSN: 08876185     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.02.006     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Antony M.M., Orsillo S.M., Roemer L. Practitioner's guide to empirically based measures of anxiety 2001, Plenum, New York.
2. Baekeland F., Lundwall L. Dropping out of treatment: a critical review. Psychological Bulletin 1975, 82:738-783.
3. Beck A.T., Emery G. Anxiety disorders and phobias: a cognitive perspective 1985, Basic Books, New York.
4. Beck J.G., Shipherd J.C., Zebb B.J. How does interoceptive exposure for panic disorder work? An uncontrolled case study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 1997, 11:541-556.
5. Becker C.B., Zayfert C., Anderson E. A survey of psychologists' attitudes towards and utilization of exposure therapy for PTSD. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2004, 42:277-292.
6. Borkovec T.D., Sides J. The contribution of relaxation and expectance to fear reduction via graded imaginal exposure to feared stimuli. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1979, 17:529-540.
7. Bouton M.E. Context, ambiguity, and unlearning: sources of relapse after behavioral extinction. Biological Psychiatry 2002, 52:976-986.
8. Brown T.A., Di Nardo P.A., Barlow D.H. Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV (adult version) 1994, Graywind, Albany, NY.
9. Coles M.E., Heimberg R.G. Patterns of anxious arousal during exposure to feared situations in individuals with social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2000, 38:405-424.
10. Craske M.G., Kircanski K., Zelikowsky M., Mystkowski J., Chowdhury N., Baker A. Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2008, 46:5-27.
11. Fisher P.L., Durham R.C. Recovery rates in generalized anxiety disorder following psychological therapy: an analysis of clinically significant change in the STAI-T across outcome studies since 1990. Psychological Medicine 1999, 29:1425-1434.
12. Foa E.B., Chambless D.L. Habituation of subjective anxiety during flooding in imagery. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1978, 16:391-399.
13. Foa E.B., Kozak M.J. Emotional processing of fear: exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin 1986, 99:20-35.
14. Foa E.B., Grayson J.B., Steketee G. Depression, habituation and treatment outcome in obsessive-compulsives. Practical applications of learning theories in psychiatry 1982, 129-142. Wiley, New York. J. Boulougouris (Ed.).
15. Foa E.B., Grayson J.B., Steketee G., Doppelt H.G., Turner R.M., Latimer P.R. Success and failure in the behavioral treatment of obsessive-compulsives. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1983, 51:287-297.
16. Foa E.B., Huppert J.D., Cahill S.P. Emotional processing theory: an update. The nature and treatment of pathological anxiety 2005, Guilford Press, New York. B.O. Rothbaum (Ed.).
17. Francis D.J., Fletcher J.M., Stuebing K.K., Davidson K.C., Thompson N.M. Analysis of change: modeling individual growth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1991, 59:27-37.
18. Garfield S.L. Research on client variables in psychotherapy. Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change 1994, 190-228. Wiley, New York. 4th ed. A.E. Bergin, S.L. Garfield (Eds.).
19. Grayson J.B., Foa E.B., Steketee G. Habituation during exposure treatment: distraction versus attention focusing. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1982, 20:323-328.
20. Hayes S.A., Hope D.A., Heimberg R.G. The pattern of subjective anxiety during in-session exposures over the course of cognitive-behavioral therapy for clients with social anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy 2008, 39:286-299.
21. Hedeker D. An introduction to growth modeling. The Sage Handbook of Quantitative Methodology for the Social Sciences 2004, 215-234. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. D. Kaplan (Ed.).
22. Heimberg R.G., Dodge C.S., Hope D.A., Kennedy C.R., Zollo L.J., Becker R.E. Cognitive behavioral group treatment for social phobia: Comparison with a credible placebo. Cognitive Therapy and Research 1990, 14:1-23.
23. Heimberg R.G., Becker R.E. Cognitive-behavioral group treatment for social phobia: basic mechanisms and clinical applications 2002, Guilford Press, New York.
24. Hembree E.A., Foa E.B., Dorfan N.M., Street G.P., Kowalski J., Tu X. Do patients drop out prematurely from exposure therapy for PTSD?. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2003, 16:555-562.
25. Hope D.A., Heimberg R.G., Juster H.R., Turk C.L. Managing social anxiety: a cognitive-behavioral therapy approach (client workbook) 2000, Oxford University Press, New York.
26. Huppert J.D., Foa E.B. Maintenance mechanisms in social anxiety: an integration of cognitive biases and emotional processing theory. Cognition, emotion and psychopathology: theoretical, empirical and clinical directions 2004, 213-231. Cambridge University Press, New York. J. Yiend (Ed.).
27. Jansson L., Öst L.G., Jerremalm A. Prognostic factors in the behavioral treatment of agoraphobia. Behavioral Psychotherapy 1987, 15:31-44.
28. Jaycox L.H., Foa E.B., Morral A.R. Influence of emotional engagement and habituation on exposure therapy for PTSD. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1998, 66:185-192.
29. Kozak M.J., Foa E.B., Steketee G. Process and outcome of exposure treatment with obsessive-compulsives: psychophysiological indicators of emotional processing. Behavior Therapy 1988, 19:157-169.
30. Lader M.H., Wing L. Physiological measures, sedative drugs, and morbid anxiety 1966, Oxford University Press, London.
31. Lang P.J., Melamed B.G., Hart J. A psychophysiological analysis of fear modification using an automated desensitization procedure. Journal of. Abnormal Psychology 1970, 76:220-234.
32. Muthén L.K., Muthén B.O. Mplus Users' Guide 1997, Muthén and Muthén, Los Angeles, CA.
33. Norton P.J. An open trial of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral group therapy for anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy 2008, 39:242-250.
34. Norton, P. J. (in press). A randomized clinical trial of transdiagnostic CBT for anxiety disorder by comparison to relaxation training. Behavior Therapy.
35. Norton, P. J., & Hope, D. A. (2002). Anxiety treatment program: therapist manual. Unpublished treatment manual.
36. Norton P.J., Hope D.A. Preliminary evaluation of a broad-spectrum cognitive-behavioral group therapy for anxiety. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 2005, 36:79-97.
37. Norton P.J., Price E.P. A meta-analytic review of cognitive-behavioral treatment outcome across the anxiety disorders. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2007, 195:521-531.
38. Rachman S. Emotional processing. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1980, 18:51-60.
39. Spielberger C.D. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) 1983, Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA.
40. Spielberger C.D., Gorsuch R.L., Luschene R.E., Vagg P.R., Jacobs G.A. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for adults 1993, Mind Garden, Palo Alto, CA.
41. van Minnen A., Hagenaars M. Fear activation and habituation patterns as early process predictors of response to prolonged exposure treatment in PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2002, 15:359-367.
42. Wolpe J., Lazarus A.A. Behavior therapy techniques: a guide to the treatment of neuroses 1967, Pergamon Press, Oxford.