Diurnal variations of nonstructural carbohydrates and nutritive value in alfalfa

Crop Science

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 1297-1306

  Morin, Chantale ^a   Bélanger, Gilles ^a   Tremblay, Gaëtan F ^a   Bertrand, Annick ^a   Castonguay, Yves ^a   Drapeau, Raynald ^a   Michaud, Réal ^b   Berthiaume, Robert ^b   Allard, Guy ^b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

^b AGRICULTURE AND AGRI FOOD CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOS; MEDICAGO SATIVA;

EID: 79955528474     PISSN: 0011183X     EISSN: 14350653     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2010.07.0406     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Abberton, M.T., A.H. Marshall, M.W. Humphreys, J.H. Macduff, R.P. Collins, and C.L. Marley. 2008. Genetic improvement of forage species to reduce the environmental impact of temperate livestock grazing systems. Adv. Agron. 98:311-355.
2. Allen, R.S., R.E. Worthington, N.R. Gould, N.L. Jacobson, and A.E. Freeman. 1961. Diurnal variation in composition of alfalfa. Agric. Food Chem. 9:406-408.
3. Association of Offi cial Analytical Chemists. 2005. Offi cial methods of analysis. 17th ed. Assoc. Offi cial Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
4. Bélanger, G., R. Michaud, P.G. Jeff erson, G.F. Tremblay, and A. Brégard. 2001. Improving the nutritive value of timothy through management and breeding. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81:577-585.
5. Bertrand, A., D. Prévost, F.J. Bigras, and Y. Castonguay. 2007. Elevated atmospheric CO2 and strain of rhizobium alter freezing tolerance and cold-induced molecular changes in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Ann. Bot. (London) 99:275-284.
6. Blakeney, A.B., and L.L. Mutton. 1980. A simple colorimetric method for the determination of sugars in fruit and vegetables. J. Sci. Food Agric. 31:889-897.
7. Brink, G., M. Hall, G. Shewmaker, D. Undersander, N. Martin, and R. Walgenbach. 2010. Changes in alfalfa yield and nutritive value within individual harvest periods. Agron. J. 102:1274-1282.
8. Brito, A.F., G.F. Tremblay, A. Bertrand, Y. Castonguay, G. Bélanger, R. Michaud, H. Lapierre, C. Benchaar, H.V. Petit, D.R. Ouellet, and R. Berthiaume. 2008. Alfalfa cut at sundown and harvested as baleage improves milk yield of late-lactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91:3968-3982.
9. Brito, A.F., G.F. Tremblay, H. Lapierre, A. Bertrand, Y. Castonguay, G. Bélanger, R. Michaud, C. Benchaar, D.R. Ouellet, and R. Berthiaume. 2009. Alfalfa cut at sundown and harvested as baleage increased bacterial protein synthesis in latelactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 92:1092-1469.
10. Burns, J.C., D.S. Fisher, and H.F. Mayland. 2007. Diurnal shifts in nutritive value of alfalfa harvested as hay and evaluated by animal intake and digestion. Crop Sci. 47:2190-2197.
11. Burns, J.C., H.F. Mayland, and D.S. Fisher. 2005. Dry matter intake and digestion of alfalfa harvested at sunset and sunrise. J. Anim. Sci. 83:262-270.
12. Curtis, O.F. 1944. The food content of forage crops as influenced by the time of day at which they are cut. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 36:401-416.
13. Environment Canada. 2010. National climate data and information archive. Available at http://www.climate.weatherOffice.ec.gc.ca/Welcome_f.html [modifi ed 18 Mar. 2010; cited 12 Feb. 2010; verifi ed 28 Jan. 2011]. (In French.) Environment Canada, Gatineau, QC, Canada.
14. Fisher, D.S., J.C. Burns, and H.F. Mayland. 2005. Ruminant selection among switchgrass hays cut at either sundown or sunup. Crop Sci. 45:1394-1402.
15. Fisher, D.S., H.F. Mayland, and J.C. Burns. 1999. Variation in ruminants' preference for tall fescue hays cut either at sundown or at sunup. J. Anim. Sci. 77:762-768.
16. Fisher, D.S., H.F. Mayland, and J.C. Burns. 2002. Variation in ruminant preference for alfalfa hays cut at sunup and sundown. Crop Sci. 42:231-237.
17. Fitter, A.H., and R.K.M. Hay. 2002. Environmental physiology of plants. 3rd ed. Academic Press, London, UK.
18. Goering, H.K., and P.J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage fiber analyses (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). USDA-ARS Agriculture Handbook. 379. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
19. Gordon, A.J. 1986. Diurnal patterns of photosynthate allocation and partitioning among sinks. p. 499-517, In J. Cronshaw et al. (ed.) Phloem transport., Vol. 1. Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, NY.
20. Griggs, T.C., J.W. MacAdam, H.F. Mayland, and J.C. Burns. 2007. Temporal and vertical distribution of nonstructural carbohydrate, fi ber, protein, and digestibility levels in orchardgrass swards. Agron. J. 99:755-763.
21. Heichel, G.H., R.H. Delaney, and H.T. Cralle. 1988. Carbon assimilation, Partitioning, and utilization. p. 195-228. In A. A. Hanson et al. (ed.) Alfalfa and alfalfa improvement. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI.
22. Hofman, M.A.J. 1965. Microwave heating as an energy source for the predrying of herbage samples. Plant Soil 23:145-147.
23. Holt, D.A., and A.R. Hilst. 1969. Daily variation in carbohydrate content of selected forage crops. Agron. J. 61:239-242.
24. Isaac, R.A., and W.C. Johnson. 1976. Determination of total nitrogen in plant tissue, using a block digestor. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 59:98-100.
25. Jonker, J.S., R.A. Kohn, and R.A. Erdman. 1998. Using milk urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and utilization efficiency in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81:2681-2692.
26. Lechtenberg, V.L., D.A. Holt, and H.W. Youngberg. 1971. Diurnal variation in nonstructural carbohydrates, in vitro digestibility, and leaf to stem ratio of alfalfa. Agron. J. 63:719-724.
27. Lechtenberg, V.L., D.A. Holt, and H.W. Youngberg. 1972. Diurnal variation in nonstructural carbohydrates of Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) with and without N fertilizer. Agron. J. 64:302-305.
28. Lechtenberg, V.L., D.A. Holt, and H.W. Youngberg. 1973. Diurnal variation in nonstructural carbohydrates of Sorghum sudanense (Stapf) as influenced by environment. Agron. J. 65:579-583.
29. Littell, R.C., G.A. Milliken, W.W. Stroup, R.D. Wolfi nger, and O. Schabenberger. 2006. SAS for mixed models, 2nd ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
30. Mertens, D.R. 2002. Gravimetric determination of amylase -Treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: Collaborative study. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 85:1217-1240.
31. Miller, L.A., J.M. Moorby, D.R. Davies, M.O. Humphreys, N.D. Scollan, J.C. MacRae, and M.K. Theodorou. 2001. Increased concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.): Milk production from late-lactation dairy cows. Grass Forage Sci. 56:383-394.
32. Moorby, J.M., R.T. Evans, N.D. Scollan, J.C. MacRae, and M.K. Theodorou. 2006. Increased concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Evaluation in dairy cows in early lactation. Grass Forage Sci. 61:52-59.
33. National Research Council. 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th rev. ed. National Academic Press, Washington, DC.
34. Nátr, L., and D.W. Lawlor. 2005. Photosynthetic plant productivity, In M. Pessarakli, ed. Handbook of photosynthesis, 2nd ed. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL.
35. Nie, Z., G.F. Tremblay, G. Belanger, R. Berthiaume, Y. Castonguay, A. Bertrand, R. Michaud, G. Allard, and J. Han. 2009. Near-infrared refl ectance spectroscopy prediction of neutral detergent-soluble carbohydrates in timothy and alfalfa. J. Dairy Sci. 92:1702-1711.
36. Owens, V.N., K.A. Albrecht, R.E. Muck, and S.H. Duke. 1999. Protein degradation and fermentation characteristics of red clover and alfalfa silage harvested with varying levels of total nonstructural carbohydrates. Crop Sci. 39:1873-1880.
37. Pelletier, S., G.F. Tremblay, G. Bélanger, A. Bertrand, Y. Castonguay, D. Pageau, and R. Drapeau. 2010a. Forage nonstructural carbohydrates and nutritive value as affected by time of cutting and species. Agron. J. 105:1388-1398.
38. Pelletier, S., G.F. Tremblay, A. Bertrand, G. Bélanger, Y. Castonguay, and R. Michaud. 2010b. Drying procedures aff ect nonstructural carbohydrates and other nutritive value attributes in forage samples. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 157:139-150.
39. Pelletier, S., G.F. Tremblay, C. Lafrenière, A. Bertrand, G. Bélanger, Y. Castonguay, and J. Rowsell. 2009. Nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in timothy as affected by N fertilization, stage of development, and time of cutting. Agron. J. 101:1372-1380.
40. SAS Institute. 1999. SAS/STAT user's guide, 8th ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
41. Shewmaker, G.E., H.F. Mayland, C.A. Roberts, P.A. Harrison, N.J. Chatterton, and D.A. Sleper. 2006. Daily carbohydrate accumulation in eight tall fescue cultivars. Grass Forage Sci. 61:413-421.
42. Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 2006. Plant physiology. 4th ed. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA.
43. Tamminga, S. 1992. Nutrition management of dairy cows as a contribution to pollution control. J. Dairy Sci. 75:345-357.
44. Van Soest, P.J. 1994. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. 2nd ed. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, NY.
45. Woledge, J., and W.D. Dennis. 1982. The effect of temperature on photosynthesis of ryegrass and white clover leaves. Ann. Bot. (London) 50:25-35.
46. Xu, D.-Q., and Y.-K. Shen. 2002. Photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield, In M. Pessarakli, ed. Handbook of plant and crop physiology, 2nd ed. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY.
47. Youngberg, H.W., D.A. Holt, and V.L. Lechtenberg. 1972. Diurnal variation in nitrogenous constituents of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Agron. J. 64:288-291.