Modern tree species composition reflects ancient Maya "forest gardens" in northwest Belize

Ecological Applications

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 75-84

  Ross, Nanci J ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

^b DRAKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Belize; Canonical correspondence analysis; CCA; El Pilar Archaeological Reserve; Ethnoecology; Forest gardens; Historical ecology; Maya; MesoAmerica; Tree species composition

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGY; ASSESSMENT METHOD; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; DOMINANCE; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; ETHNOBOTANY; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; INTEGRATED APPROACH; LAND USE; POPULATION DENSITY; SHRUB;

ARTICLE; BELIZE; CLASSIFICATION; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; TREE;

BELIZE; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; TREES;

MAYA FOREST;

EID: 79955526880     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/09-0662.1     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Altieri, M. A. 1994. Biodiversity and pest management in agroecosystems. Haworth Press, Binghamton, New York, USA.
2. Balée, W., and C. L. ERicakson, editors. 2006. Time and complexity in Historical ecology. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.
3. Balick, M., M. Nee, and D. Atha, editors. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, New York, USA.
4. Begossi, A. 1996. Use of ecological methods in ethnobotany: diversity indices. Economic Botany 50:280-289.
5. Binkley, D., and C. Giardina. 1998. Why do trees affect soils? The warp and woof of tree-soil interactions. Biogeochemistry 42:89-106. (Pubitemid 28395168)
6. Birchall, C., and R. Jenkin. 1979. The soils of the Belize Valley, Belize. Supplementary Report Number 15. Overseas Development Administration, Land Resources Development Centre, Surbiton, UK.
7. Campbell, D. G., A. Ford, K. Lowell, J. Walker, J. K. Lake, C. Ocampa-Raeder, A. Townesmith, and M. Balick. 2006a. The feral forests of the eastern Pete?n. Pages 21-55 in W. Bale?e and C. L. ERicakson, editors. Time and complexity in Historical ecology. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.
8. Campbell, D. G., J. Guittar, and K. S. Lowell. 2008. Are colonial pastures the ancestors of the contemporary Maya forest? Journal of Ethnobiology 28:278-289.
9. Campbell, D. G., K. S. Lowell, S. Batterman, D. Lesh, C. Clarke, T. Wesby, D. Lizama, O. Carballo, D. McGranahan, E. King, and J. Guittar. 2006b. Maya home gardens as botanical refuges. 52nd International Congress of Americanists, Seville, Spain.
10. Chao, A. 2005. Species Ricahness estimation. Pages 7909-7916 in N. Balakrishnan, C. B. Read, and B. Vidakovic, editors. Encyclopedia of statistical sciences. John Wiley, New York, New York, USA.
11. Chao, A., R. L. Chazdon, R. K. Colwell, and T.-J. Shen. 2005. A new statistical approach for assessing compositional similarity based on incidence and abundance data. Ecology Letters 8:148-159. (Pubitemid 40218100)
12. Chazdon, R., and F. Coe. 1999. Ethnobotany of woody species in second-growth, old-growth, and selectively logged forests of northeastern Costa Rica. Conservation Biology 13:1312-1322.
13. Chazdon, R. L., C. Harvey, O. Komar, D. Griffith, B. Ferguson, M. Martnez-Ramos, H. Morales, R. Nigh, Lorena Soto-Pinto, M. van Breugel, and S. Philpott. 2009. Beyond reserves: A research agenda for conserving biodiversity in tropical cultural landscapes. Biotropica 41:142-153.
14. Clark, D. B., M. Palmer, and D. A. Clark. 1999. Edaphic factors and the landscape-scale distributions of tropical rain forest trees. Ecology 80:2662-2675. (Pubitemid 30001012)
15. Clark, K., and R. Warwick. 2001. Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. Second edition. PRIMER-E, Plymouth, UK. (http://www.zen87707.zen.co.uk/primer-e/index.htm)
16. Colwell, R. K. 2005. EstimateS, Version 7.5: statistical estimation of species Ricahness and shared species from samples (Software and User's Guide). (http://viceroy.eeb. uconn.edu/estimates)
17. Croat, T. 1974. A reconsideration of Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 61:483-490.
18. Dambrine, E., J. L. Dupouey, L. Lau? t, L. Humbert, M. Thinon, T. Beaufils, and H. Ricahard. 2007. Present forest biodiversity patterns in France related to former Roman Agricaulture. Ecology 88:1430-1439. (Pubitemid 351345219)
19. de Landa, Fr. D. 1978 [1566]. Yucatan: before and after the conquest. Translated by W. Gates. Dover Publications, New York, New York, USA.
20. deMenocal, P. B. 2001. Cultural responses to climate change during the late Holocene. Science 292:667-673.
21. Dufrene, M., and P. Legendre. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetRical approach. Ecological Monographs 67:345-366.
22. Fedick, S. 1988. PrehistoRica Maya settlement and land use patterns in the Upper Belize River area, Belize, Central America. Dissertation. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
23. Fedick, S. 1995. Land evaluation and ancient Maya land use in the Upper Belize River area, Belize, Central America. Latin American Antiquity 6:16-34.
24. Fedick, S., and A. Ford. 1990. The prehistoRica Agricaultural landscape of the central Maya lowlands: an examination of local variability in a regional context. World Archaeology 22: 18-33.
25. Folan, W., L. Fletcher, and E. Kintz. 1979. Fruit, fiber, bark, and resin: social organization of a Maya urban center. Science 204:697-701. (Pubitemid 10266505)
26. Ford, A. 2005. Human impacts on the Maya forest: linking the past with the present for the future of El Pilar. BRASS/El Pilar Program. Report on the 2004 field season. MesoAmerican Research Center, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA. (http://marc.ucsb.edu/elpilar/chronicles/Field- Reports.php)
27. Ford, A. 2008. Dominant plants of the Maya forest and gardens of El Pilar: implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Journal of Ethnobiology 28:179-199.
28. Ford, A., and S. Fedick. 1992. PrehistoRica Maya settlement patterns in the Upper Belize River Area: initial results of the Belize River Archaeological Settlement Survey. Journal of Field Archaeology 19:35-49.
29. Gill, R. B. 2000. The great Maya droughts: water, life, and death. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
30. Gomez-Pompa, A., M. F. Allen, S. L. Fedick, and J. Jime?nez- Osornio, editors. 2003. The lowland Maya area: three millennia at the human-wildland interface. Haworth Press, Binghamton, New York, USA.
31. Gomez-Pompa, A., J. S. Flores, and V. Sosa. 1987. The ''pet kot'': a man-made tropical forest of the Maya. Interciencia 12:10-15.
32. Gomez-Pompa, A., and A. Kaus. 1999. From pre-Hispanic to future conservation alternatives: lessons from Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 96: 5982-5986. (Pubitemid 29256606)
33. Healy, P., J. Lambert, J. Arnason, and R. Hebda. 1983. Caracol, Belize: evidence of ancient Maya Agricaultural terraces. Journal of Field Archaeology 10:397-410.
34. Hill, M. O. 1973. Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology 54:427-432.
35. Holdridge, L. R., W. C. Grenke, W. H. Hatheway, T. Liang, and J. A. Tosi, Jr. 1971. Forest environments in tropical life zones: a pilot study. Pergamon Press, New York, New York, USA.
36. Ivanauskas, N. M., R. Monteiro, and R. R. Rodrigues. 2003. Alterations following a fire in a forest community of Alto Rio Xingu. Fire Ecology and Management 184:239-250. (Pubitemid 37084184)
37. Lambert, J., and T. Arnason. 1982. Ramo? n and Maya ruins: an ecological, not an economic, relation. Science 216:298-299. (Pubitemid 12272821)
38. Lentz, D. 1991. Maya diets of the Ricah and poor: paleoethnobotanical evidence from Copan. Latin American Antiquity 2: 269-287.
39. Lentz, D., M. Beaudry-Corbett, M. L. R. de Aguilar, and L. Kaplan. 1996. Foodstuffs, forests, fields, and shelter: a paleoethnobotanical analysis of vessel contents from the Ceren site, El Salvador. Latin American Antiquity 7:247-262.
40. Lentz, D., L. Haddad, S. Cherpelis, H. J. M. Joo, and M. Potter. 2000. Long-term influences of ancient Maya agroforestry practices on tropical forest biodiversity in northwestern Belize. Pages 431-441 in J. R. Stepp, F. S. Wyndham, and R. K. Zanger, editors. Ethnobiology and biocultural diversity. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Ethnobiology, Athens, Georgia, USA.
41. Lentz, D., and B. Hockaday. 2009. Tikal timbers and temples: ancient Maya agroforestry and the end of time. Journal of Archaeological Science. [doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2009.01.020]
42. McCune, B., and M. Mefford. 1999. PC-ORD. Multivariate analysis of ecological data. Version 4. MjM Software Design, Glenden Beach, Oregon, USA.
43. Naeem, S. 2002. Ecosystem consequences of biodiversity loss: the evolution of a paradigm. Ecology 83:1537-1552 (Pubitemid 36524800)
44. Otterstrom, S., M. Schwartz, and I. Vela? zquez-Rocha. 2006. Responses to fire in selected tropical dry forest trees. Biotropica 38:592-598. (Pubitemid 44218529)
45. Palmer, M. 1993. Putting things in even better order: the advantages of canonical correspondence analysis. Ecology 74:2215-2230.
46. Prance, G. T., W. Bale? e, B. M. Boom, and R. L. Carniero. 1995. Quantitative ethnobotany and the case for conservation in Amazonia. Pages 157-174 in R. E. Schultes and S. von Reis, editors. Ethnobotany: evolution of a discipline. Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon, USA.
47. Ricao-Gray, V., A. Chemas, and S. Mandujano. 1991. Uses of tropical deciduous forest species by the Yucatecan Maya. Agroforestry Systems 14:149-161.
48. Ricao-Gray, V., and J. Garca-Franco. 1992. Vegetation and soil seed bank of successional stages in tropical lowland deciduous forest. Journal of Vegetation Science 3:617-674.
49. Salick, J. 1995. Toward an integration of evolutionary ecology and economic botany: personal perspectives on plant/people interactions. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 82: 68-85.
50. Sokal, R. R., and F. J. Rohlf. 1994. Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. Third edition. W. H. Freeman, New York, New York, USA.
51. Stevens, W. D., C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool, and O. M. Montiel, editors. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
52. SYSTAT. 2004. SYSTAT for Windows. Version 11. Systat Software, Ricahmond, California, USA.
53. ter Braak, C. J. F., and I. C. Prentice. 1988. A theory of gradient analysis. Advances in Ecological Research 18:271-313.
54. Ticktin, T. 2004. The ecological implications of harvesting nontimber forest products. Journal of Applied Ecology 41:11-21. (Pubitemid 38204094)
55. Turner, B. L., II, and C. Miksicek. 1984. Economic plant species associated with prehistoRica Agricaulture in the Maya lowlands. Economic Botany 38:179-193.
56. Uhl, C., and J. B. Kauffman. 1990. Deforestation effects on fire susceptibility and the potential response of tree species to fire in the rain forest of the eastern Amazon. Ecology 71:437-449. (Pubitemid 20428083)
57. Wiseman, F. M. 1978. Agricaultural and Historical ecology of the Maya lowlands. Pages 63-115 in P. Harrison and B. L. Turner, editors. Pre-hispanic Maya Agricaulture. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
58. Wright, A., D. Romney, R. Arbuckle, and V. Vial. 1959. Land in British Honduras: Report of the British Honduras Land Use Survey Team. Colonial Research Publication 24. The Colonial Office, London, UK.