메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 83, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 1537-1552

Ecosystem consequences of biodiversity loss: The evolution of a paradigm

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Community; Ecology; Ecosystem ecology; Ecosystem function; Paradigm

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; PARADIGM SHIFT;

EID: 0000418659     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[1537:ECOBLT]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (332)

References (176)
  • 1
    • 0001002464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High productivity in grassland ecosystems: Effected by species diversity or productive species?
    • Aarssen, L. W. 1997. High productivity in grassland ecosystems: effected by species diversity or productive species? Oikos 80:183-184.
    • (1997) Oikos , vol.80 , pp. 183-184
    • Aarssen, L.W.1
  • 2
    • 0003633027 scopus 로고
    • Sunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
    • Aber, J. D., and J. M. Melillo. 1991. Terrestrial ecosystems. Sunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
    • (1991) Terrestrial Ecosystems
    • Aber, J.D.1    Melillo, J.M.2
  • 3
    • 0033056867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The implications of experimental design for biodiversity manipulations
    • Allison, G. W. 1999. The implications of experimental design for biodiversity manipulations. American Naturalist 153:26-45.
    • (1999) American Naturalist , vol.153 , pp. 26-45
    • Allison, G.W.1
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
    • 0007389344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between biotic diversity and primary productivity in savanna grasslands
    • O. T. Solbrig, E. Medina, and J. F. Silva, editors. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany
    • Bulla, L. 1996. Relationships between biotic diversity and primary productivity in savanna grasslands. Pages 97-120 in O. T. Solbrig, E. Medina, and J. F. Silva, editors. Biodiversity and savanna ecosystem processes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
    • (1996) Biodiversity and Savanna Ecosystem Processes , pp. 97-120
    • Bulla, L.1
  • 12
    • 0017806329 scopus 로고
    • Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs
    • Connell, J. H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199:1302-1310.
    • (1978) Science , vol.199 , pp. 1302-1310
    • Connell, J.H.1
  • 14
    • 0026001780 scopus 로고
    • Energy and large-scale patterns of animal- and plant-species richness
    • Currie, D. J. 1991. Energy and large-scale patterns of animal- and plant-species richness. American Naturalist 137:27-49.
    • (1991) American Naturalist , vol.137 , pp. 27-49
    • Currie, D.J.1
  • 15
    • 0027460965 scopus 로고
    • Global patterns of animal abundance and species energy use
    • Currie, D. J., and J. T. Fritz. 1993. Global patterns of animal abundance and species energy use. Oikos 67:56-68.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.67 , pp. 56-68
    • Currie, D.J.1    Fritz, J.T.2
  • 16
    • 0023496979 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale biogeographical patterns of species richness of trees
    • Currie, D. J., and V. Paquin. 1987. Large-scale biogeographical patterns of species richness of trees. Nature 329:326-327.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.329 , pp. 326-327
    • Currie, D.J.1    Paquin, V.2
  • 19
  • 20
    • 0004040284 scopus 로고
    • Wolters Noordhoff BV, Groningen, The Netherlands
    • de Groot, R. S. 1992. Functions of nature. Wolters Noordhoff BV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
    • (1992) Functions of Nature
    • De Groot, R.S.1
  • 21
    • 0003761688 scopus 로고
    • Harper and Row, New York, New York, USA
    • Diamond, J., and T. J. Case, editors. 1986. Community ecology. Harper and Row, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1986) Community Ecology
    • Diamond, J.1    Case, T.J.2
  • 23
    • 85076136910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientists, journalists, and the meaning of uncertainty
    • S. M. Friedman, S. Dunwoody, and C. L. Rogers, editors. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, New Jersey, USA
    • Dunwoody, S. 1999. Scientists, journalists, and the meaning of uncertainty. Pages 59-79 in S. M. Friedman, S. Dunwoody, and C. L. Rogers, editors. Communicating uncertainty: media coverage of new and controversial science. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, New Jersey, USA.
    • (1999) Communicating Uncertainty: Media Coverage of New and Controversial Science , pp. 59-79
    • Dunwoody, S.1
  • 25
    • 0000324290 scopus 로고
    • Extinction, substitution, and ecosystem services
    • Ehrlich, P. R., and H. A. Mooney. 1983. Extinction, substitution, and ecosystem services. BioScience 33:248-253.
    • (1983) BioScience , vol.33 , pp. 248-253
    • Ehrlich, P.R.1    Mooney, H.A.2
  • 26
    • 0008114937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life in the balance
    • Eldredge, N. 1998. Life in the balance. Natural History 107:42-53.
    • (1998) Natural History , vol.107 , pp. 42-53
    • Eldredge, N.1
  • 27
    • 0004214925 scopus 로고
    • Harcourt Brace, New York, New York, USA
    • Eliot, T. S. 1943. Four quartets. Harcourt Brace, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1943) Four Quartets
    • Eliot, T.S.1
  • 29
    • 0035822108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of macrophyte species richness on wetland ecosystem functioning and services
    • Engelhardt, K. A. M., and M. E. Ritchie. 2001. Effects of macrophyte species richness on wetland ecosystem functioning and services. Nature 411:687-689.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 687-689
    • Engelhardt, K.A.M.1    Ritchie, M.E.2
  • 30
    • 0002917362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity at its utmost: Tropical forest beetles
    • M. L. Reaka-Kudla, D. E. Wilson, and E. O. Wilson, editors. Island, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Erwin, T. L. 1997. Biodiversity at its utmost: tropical forest beetles. Pages 27-40 in M. L. Reaka-Kudla, D. E. Wilson, and E. O. Wilson, editors. Biodiversity II. Island, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1997) Biodiversity II , pp. 27-40
    • Erwin, T.L.1
  • 31
    • 0031431240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A problem for biodiversity-productivity studies: How to compare the productivity of multispecific plant mixtures to that of monocultures?
    • Garnier, E., M.-L. Navas, M. P. Austin, J. M. Lilley, and R. M. Gifford. 1997. A problem for biodiversity-productivity studies: how to compare the productivity of multispecific plant mixtures to that of monocultures? Acta Oecologica 18:657-670.
    • (1997) Acta Oecologica , vol.18 , pp. 657-670
    • Garnier, E.1    Navas, M.-L.2    Austin, M.P.3    Lilley, J.M.4    Gifford, R.M.5
  • 34
    • 0030039182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species redundancy: A redundant concept?
    • Gitay, H., J. B. Wilson, and W. G. Lee. 1996. Species redundancy: a redundant concept? Journal of Ecology 84:121-124.
    • (1996) Journal of Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 121-124
    • Gitay, H.1    Wilson, J.B.2    Lee, W.G.3
  • 35
    • 0028129196 scopus 로고
    • Does biodiversity beget stability?
    • Givnish, T. J. 1994. Does biodiversity beget stability? Nature 371:113-114.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 113-114
    • Givnish, T.J.1
  • 36
    • 0001921913 scopus 로고
    • The individualistic concept of the plant association
    • Gleason, H. A. 1926. The individualistic concept of the plant association. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 53:7-26.
    • (1926) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.53 , pp. 7-26
    • Gleason, H.A.1
  • 38
    • 0001567252 scopus 로고
    • The theory of diversity-stability relationships in ecology
    • Goodman, D. 1975. The theory of diversity-stability relationships in ecology. The Quarterly Review of Biology 50:237-266.
    • (1975) The Quarterly Review of Biology , vol.50 , pp. 237-266
    • Goodman, D.1
  • 39
    • 0038308748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the evolution of ecological ideas: Paradigms and scientific progress
    • Graham, M. H., and P. K. Dayton. 2002. On the evolution of ecological ideas: paradigms and scientific progress. Ecology 83:1481-1489.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 1481-1489
    • Graham, M.H.1    Dayton, P.K.2
  • 42
    • 0030828976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and ecosystem function: The debate deepens
    • Grime, J. P. 1997. Biodiversity and ecosystem function: the debate deepens. Science 277:1260-1261.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 1260-1261
    • Grime, J.P.1
  • 43
    • 0002678499 scopus 로고
    • Why link species and ecosystems? A perspective from ecosystem ecology
    • C. G. Jones and J. H. Lawton, editors. International Thomson, New York, New York, USA
    • Grimm, N. B. 1995. Why link species and ecosystems? A perspective from ecosystem ecology. Pages 5-15 in C. G. Jones and J. H. Lawton, editors. Linking species and ecosystems. International Thomson, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1995) Linking Species and Ecosystems , pp. 5-15
    • Grimm, N.B.1
  • 45
    • 0038644600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Have ecologists oversold biodiversity? Some scientists question experiments on how numerous species help ecosystems
    • Guterman, L. 2000. Have ecologists oversold biodiversity? Some scientists question experiments on how numerous species help ecosystems. Chronicle of Higher Education 47:A24-26.
    • (2000) Chronicle of Higher Education , vol.47
    • Guterman, L.1
  • 46
    • 0001030091 scopus 로고
    • Community structure, population control, and competition
    • Hairston, N. G. S., F. E. Smith, and L. B. Slobodkin. 1960. Community structure, population control, and competition. American Naturalist 106:249-257.
    • (1960) American Naturalist , vol.106 , pp. 249-257
    • Hairston, N.G.S.1    Smith, F.E.2    Slobodkin, L.B.3
  • 48
    • 0028174863 scopus 로고
    • Pivotal assumptions determining the relationship between stability and complexity: An analytical synthesis of the stability-complexity debate
    • Haydon, D. 1994. Pivotal assumptions determining the relationship between stability and complexity: an analytical synthesis of the stability-complexity debate. American Naturalist 144:14-29.
    • (1994) American Naturalist , vol.144 , pp. 14-29
    • Haydon, D.1
  • 49
    • 0031849244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of diversity on productivity: Detecting the role of species complementarity
    • Hector, A. 1998. The effects of diversity on productivity: detecting the role of species complementarity. Oikos 82:597-599.
    • (1998) Oikos , vol.82 , pp. 597-599
    • Hector, A.1
  • 50
    • 0033527614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant diversity and productivity experiments in European grasslands
    • Hector, A., et al. 1999. Plant diversity and productivity experiments in European grasslands. Science 286:1123-1127.
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1123-1127
    • Hector, A.1
  • 53
    • 0003623603 scopus 로고
    • UNEP and Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
    • Heywood, V. H., editor. 1995. Global biodiversity assessment. UNEP and Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
    • (1995) Global Biodiversity Assessment
    • Heywood, V.H.1
  • 54
    • 0000470436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population regulation: Historical context and contemporary challenges of open vs. closed systems
    • Hixon, M. A., S. W. Pacala, and S. A. Sandin. 2002. Population regulation: historical context and contemporary challenges of open vs. closed systems. Ecology 83:1490-1508.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 1490-1508
    • Hixon, M.A.1    Pacala, S.W.2    Sandin, S.A.3
  • 55
    • 0031700615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does biodiversity determine ecosystem function? The Ecotron experiment reconsidered
    • Hodgson, J. G., K. Thompson, A. Bogaard, and P. J. Wilson. 1998. Does biodiversity determine ecosystem function? The Ecotron experiment reconsidered. Functional Ecology 12:843-848.
    • (1998) Functional Ecology , vol.12 , pp. 843-848
    • Hodgson, J.G.1    Thompson, K.2    Bogaard, A.3    Wilson, P.J.4
  • 56
    • 0031823441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of complementarity and competition in ecosystem responses to variation in plant diversity
    • Hooper, D. U. 1998. The role of complementarity and competition in ecosystem responses to variation in plant diversity. Ecology 79:704-719.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 704-719
    • Hooper, D.U.1
  • 57
    • 0030846289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of plant composition and diversity on ecosystem processes
    • Hooper, D. U., and P. M. Vitousek. 1997. The effects of plant composition and diversity on ecosystem processes. Science 277:1302-1305.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 1302-1305
    • Hooper, D.U.1    Vitousek, P.M.2
  • 58
    • 0031662909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of plant composition and diversity on nturient cycling
    • Hooper, D. U., and P. M. Vitousek. 1998. Effects of plant composition and diversity on nturient cycling. Ecological Monographs 68:121-149.
    • (1998) Ecological Monographs , vol.68 , pp. 121-149
    • Hooper, D.U.1    Vitousek, P.M.2
  • 61
    • 0034682281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional diversity governs ecosystem response to nutrient enrichment
    • Hulot, F. D., G. Lacroix, L. M. Francois, and M. Loreau. 2000. Functional diversity governs ecosystem response to nutrient enrichment. Nature 405:340-344.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 340-344
    • Hulot, F.D.1    Lacroix, G.2    Francois, L.M.3    Loreau, M.4
  • 62
    • 0001942144 scopus 로고
    • A general hypothesis of species diversity
    • Huston, M. 1979. A general hypothesis of species diversity. American Naturalist 113:81-101.
    • (1979) American Naturalist , vol.113 , pp. 81-101
    • Huston, M.1
  • 63
    • 0030613870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hidden treatments in ecological experiments: Re-evaluating the ecosystem function of biodiversity
    • Huston, M. A. 1997. Hidden treatments in ecological experiments: re-evaluating the ecosystem function of biodiversity. Oecologia 110:449-460.
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.110 , pp. 449-460
    • Huston, M.A.1
  • 64
    • 0002687912 scopus 로고
    • Species extinction
    • B. Groombridge, editor. World Conservation Monitoring Centre, London, UK
    • Jenkins, M. 1992. Species extinction. Pages 192-205 in B. Groombridge, editor. Global biodiversity. World Conservation Monitoring Centre, London, UK.
    • (1992) Global Biodiversity , pp. 192-205
    • Jenkins, M.1
  • 66
    • 0034039266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem process rate increases with animal species richness: Evidence from leaf-eating, aquatic insects
    • Johnsson, M., and B. Malmqvist. 2000. Ecosystem process rate increases with animal species richness: evidence from leaf-eating, aquatic insects. Oikos 89:519-523.
    • (2000) Oikos , vol.89 , pp. 519-523
    • Johnsson, M.1    Malmqvist, B.2
  • 67
    • 0029957486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human contributions to terrestrial nitrogen flux
    • Jordan, T. E., and D. E. Weller. 1996. Human contributions to terrestrial nitrogen flux. BioScience 46:655-664.
    • (1996) BioScience , vol.46 , pp. 655-664
    • Jordan, T.E.1    Weller, D.E.2
  • 68
    • 0003265196 scopus 로고
    • Biogeochemistry of chemoautotrophic bacteria
    • H. G. Schlegel and B. Bowein, editors. Science Tech Publishers, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
    • Jørgensen, B. B. 1989. Biogeochemistry of chemoautotrophic bacteria. Pages 117-146 in H. G. Schlegel and B. Bowein, editors. Autotrophic bacteria. Science Tech Publishers, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
    • (1989) Autotrophic Bacteria , pp. 117-146
    • Jørgensen, B.B.1
  • 69
    • 0034714339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rift over biodiversity divides ecologists
    • Kaiser, J. 2000. Rift over biodiversity divides ecologists. Science 289:1282-1283.
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , pp. 1282-1283
    • Kaiser, J.1
  • 72
    • 0004213215 scopus 로고
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • Kingsland, S. 1985. Modeling nature. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
    • (1985) Modeling Nature
    • Kingsland, S.1
  • 73
    • 0038305694 scopus 로고
    • Theses, antitheses, and syntheses: Conversational biology and ecological debate
    • L. A. Real and J. H. Brown, editors. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • Kingsolver, J. G., and R. T. Paine. 1991. Theses, antitheses, and syntheses: conversational biology and ecological debate. Pages 309-317 in L. A. Real and J. H. Brown, editors. Foundations of ecology: classic papers with commentaries. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
    • (1991) Foundations of Ecology: Classic Papers with Commentaries , pp. 309-317
    • Kingsolver, J.G.1    Paine, R.T.2
  • 74
    • 0003108370 scopus 로고
    • Response of microbial communities to changing environmental conditions and physiological approaches
    • R. Guerrero and C. Pedros-Alio, editors. Spanish Society of Microbiology, Barcelona, Spain
    • Klug, M. J., and J. M. Tiedge. 1994. Response of microbial communities to changing environmental conditions and physiological approaches. Pages 371-378 in R. Guerrero and C. Pedros-Alio, editors. Trends in microbial ecology. Spanish Society of Microbiology, Barcelona, Spain.
    • (1994) Trends in Microbial Ecology , pp. 371-378
    • Klug, M.J.1    Tiedge, J.M.2
  • 76
    • 0002316134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does biodiversity matter? Evaluating the case for conserving species
    • K. Gaston, editor. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK
    • Kunin, W. E., and J. H. Lawton. 1996. Does biodiversity matter? Evaluating the case for conserving species. Pages 283-308 in K. Gaston, editor. Biodiversity: a biology of numbers and differences. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
    • (1996) Biodiversity: A Biology of Numbers and Differences , pp. 283-308
    • Kunin, W.E.1    Lawton, J.H.2
  • 77
    • 0001301249 scopus 로고
    • Redundancy in ecosystems
    • E. D. Schulze and H. A. Mooney, editors. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA
    • Lawton, J. H., and V. K. Brown. 1993. Redundancy in ecosystems. Pages 255-270 in E. D. Schulze and H. A. Mooney, editors. Biodiversity and ecosystem function. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1993) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function , pp. 255-270
    • Lawton, J.H.1    Brown, V.K.2
  • 78
    • 0031646770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Getting the Ecotron experiment in its correct context
    • Lawton, J. H., S. Naeem, L. J. Thompson, A. Hector, and M. J. Crawley. 1998. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: getting the Ecotron experiment in its correct context. Functional Ecology 12:843-856.
    • (1998) Functional Ecology , vol.12 , pp. 843-856
    • Lawton, J.H.1    Naeem, S.2    Thompson, L.J.3    Hector, A.4    Crawley, M.J.5
  • 79
    • 0029764640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological determinant of species loss in remnant prairies
    • Leach, M. K., and T. J. Givnish. 1996. Ecological determinant of species loss in remnant prairies. Science 273:1555-1558.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 1555-1558
    • Leach, M.K.1    Givnish, T.J.2
  • 80
    • 0003530017 scopus 로고
    • Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
    • Levins, R. 1968. Evolution in changing environments. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
    • (1968) Evolution in Changing Environments
    • Levins, R.1
  • 81
    • 0003441155 scopus 로고
    • Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
    • Levins, R., and R. Lewontin. 1985. The dialectical biologist. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
    • (1985) The Dialectical Biologist
    • Levins, R.1    Lewontin, R.2
  • 84
    • 0031852367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separating sampling and other effects in biodiversity experiments
    • Loreau, M. 1998b. Separating sampling and other effects in biodiversity experiments. Oikos 82:600-602.
    • (1998) Oikos , vol.82 , pp. 600-602
    • Loreau, M.1
  • 85
    • 0035811475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partitioning selection and complementarity in biodiversity experiments
    • Loreau, M., and A. Hector. 2001. Partitioning selection and complementarity in biodiversity experiments. Nature 412:72-76.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.412 , pp. 72-76
    • Loreau, M.1    Hector, A.2
  • 87
    • 0004276245 scopus 로고
    • Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
    • Lovelock, J. 1979. Gaia. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
    • (1979) Gaia
    • Lovelock, J.1
  • 88
    • 0001372773 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuations of animal populations and a measure of community stability
    • MacArthur, R. H. 1955. Fluctuations of animal populations and a measure of community stability. Ecology 36:533-536.
    • (1955) Ecology , vol.36 , pp. 533-536
    • MacArthur, R.H.1
  • 89
    • 0003071920 scopus 로고
    • On the relative abundance of species
    • MacArthur, R. H. 1960. On the relative abundance of species. American Naturalist 94:25-36.
    • (1960) American Naturalist , vol.94 , pp. 25-36
    • MacArthur, R.H.1
  • 90
    • 0004062081 scopus 로고
    • Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
    • MacArthur, R. H. 1972. Geographical ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
    • (1972) Geographical Ecology
    • MacArthur, R.H.1
  • 93
    • 0002970941 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of species abundance and diversity
    • M. L. Cody and J. M. Diamond, editors. Belknap Press of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
    • May, R. M. 1975. Patterns of species abundance and diversity. Pages 81-120 in M. L. Cody and J. M. Diamond, editors. Ecology and evolution of communities. Belknap Press of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
    • (1975) Ecology and Evolution of Communities , pp. 81-120
    • May, R.M.1
  • 94
    • 0030718540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity regulates ecosystem predictability
    • McGrady-Steed, J., P. M. Harris, and P. J. Morin. 1997. Biodiversity regulates ecosystem predictability. Nature 390:162-165.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.390 , pp. 162-165
    • McGrady-Steed, J.1    Harris, P.M.2    Morin, P.J.3
  • 96
    • 0001257473 scopus 로고
    • Diversity. and stability of ecological communities: A comment on the role of empiricism in ecology
    • McNaughton, S. J. 1977. Diversity. and stability of ecological communities: a comment on the role of empiricism in ecology. American Naturalist 111:515-525.
    • (1977) American Naturalist , vol.111 , pp. 515-525
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 97
    • 0001729878 scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and function of grazing ecosystems
    • E. D. Schulze and H. A. Mooney, editors. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA
    • McNaughton, S. J. 1993. Biodiversity and function of grazing ecosystems. Pages 361-384 in E. D. Schulze and H. A. Mooney, editors. Biodiversity and ecosystem function. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1993) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function , pp. 361-384
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 98
    • 0023509720 scopus 로고
    • Community regulation: Variation in disturbance, competition, and predation in relation to environmental stress
    • Menge, A., and J. P. Sutherland. 1987. Community regulation: variation in disturbance, competition, and predation in relation to environmental stress. American Naturalist 130:730-757.
    • (1987) American Naturalist , vol.130 , pp. 730-757
    • Menge, A.1    Sutherland, J.P.2
  • 99
    • 0031785422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relating species diversity to ecosystem functioning: Mechanistic backgrounds and experimental approach with a decomposer food web
    • Mikola, J., and H. Setälä. 1998. Relating species diversity to ecosystem functioning: mechanistic backgrounds and experimental approach with a decomposer food web. Oikos 83:153-164.
    • (1998) Oikos , vol.83 , pp. 153-164
    • Mikola, J.1    Setälä, H.2
  • 102
    • 0001783324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Realism, precision, and generality in experimental ecology
    • W. J. Resetarits, Jr. and J. Bernardo, editors. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA
    • Morin, P. J. 1998. Realism, precision, and generality in experimental ecology. Pages 50-70 in W. J. Resetarits, Jr. and J. Bernardo, editors. Experimental ecology: issues and perspectives. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1998) Experimental Ecology: Issues and Perspectives , pp. 50-70
    • Morin, P.J.1
  • 103
    • 0005830028 scopus 로고
    • Diversity in freshwater plankton
    • Moss, B. 1973. Diversity in freshwater plankton. American Midland Naturalist 90:341-355.
    • (1973) American Midland Naturalist , vol.90 , pp. 341-355
    • Moss, B.1
  • 104
    • 0032789714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insects affect relationships between plant species richness and ecosystem processes
    • Mulder, C. P. H., J. Koricheva, K. Huss-Danell, P. Högberg, and J. Joshi. 1999. Insects affect relationships between plant species richness and ecosystem processes. Ecology Letters 2:237-246.
    • (1999) Ecology Letters , vol.2 , pp. 237-246
    • Mulder, C.P.H.1    Koricheva, J.2    Huss-Danell, K.3    Högberg, P.4    Joshi, J.5
  • 105
    • 0031967457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species redundancy and ecosystem reliability
    • Naeem, S. 1998. Species redundancy and ecosystem reliability. Conservation Biology 12:39-45.
    • (1998) Conservation Biology , vol.12 , pp. 39-45
    • Naeem, S.1
  • 106
    • 0033554725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power behind nature's throne
    • Naeem, S. 1999. Power behind nature's throne. Nature 401:653-654.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 653-654
    • Naeem, S.1
  • 108
    • 0001915974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental validity and ecological scale as tools for evaluating research programs
    • R. H. Gardner, W. M. Kemp, V. S. Kennedy, and J. E. Petersen, editors. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA
    • Naeem, S. 2001. Experimental validity and ecological scale as tools for evaluating research programs. Pages 223-250 in R. H. Gardner, W. M. Kemp, V. S. Kennedy, and J. E. Petersen, editors. Scaling relationships in experimental ecology. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.
    • (2001) Scaling Relationships in Experimental Ecology , pp. 223-250
    • Naeem, S.1
  • 109
    • 0030304340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and plant productivity in a model assemblage of plant species
    • Naeem, S., K. Haakenson, L. J. Thompson, J. H. Lawton, and M. J. Crawley. 1996. Biodiversity and plant productivity in a model assemblage of plant species. Oikos 76:259-264.
    • (1996) Oikos , vol.76 , pp. 259-264
    • Naeem, S.1    Haakenson, K.2    Thompson, L.J.3    Lawton, J.H.4    Crawley, M.J.5
  • 110
    • 0034677513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Producer-decomposer codependency modulates biodiversity effects
    • Naeem, S., D. Hahn, and G. Schuurman. 2000. Producer-decomposer codependency modulates biodiversity effects. Nature 403:762-764.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.403 , pp. 762-764
    • Naeem, S.1    Hahn, D.2    Schuurman, G.3
  • 111
    • 0031438048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity enhances ecosystem reliability
    • Naeem, S., and S. Li. 1997. Biodiversity enhances ecosystem reliability. Nature 390:507-509.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.390 , pp. 507-509
    • Naeem, S.1    Li, S.2
  • 112
    • 0032435087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumer species richness and autotrophic biomass
    • Naeem, S., and S. Li. 1998. Consumer species richness and autotrophic biomass. Ecology 79:2603-2615.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 2603-2615
    • Naeem, S.1    Li, S.2
  • 113
    • 0028410967 scopus 로고
    • Declining biodiversity can alter the performance of ecosystems
    • Naeem, S., L. J. Thompson, S. P. Lawler, J. H. Lawton, and R. M. Woodfin. 1994. Declining biodiversity can alter the performance of ecosystems. Nature 368:734-737.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.368 , pp. 734-737
    • Naeem, S.1    Thompson, L.J.2    Lawler, S.P.3    Lawton, J.H.4    Woodfin, R.M.5
  • 114
    • 0028981125 scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Empirical evidence from experimental microcosms
    • Naeem, S., L. J. Thompson, S. P. Lawler, J. H. Lawton, and R. M. Woodfin. 1995. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: empirical evidence from experimental microcosms. Endeavour 19:58-63.
    • (1995) Endeavour , vol.19 , pp. 58-63
    • Naeem, S.1    Thompson, L.J.2    Lawler, S.P.3    Lawton, J.H.4    Woodfin, R.M.5
  • 115
    • 0033951873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource-niche complementarity and autotrophic compensation determines ecosystem-level responses to increased cladoceran species richness
    • Norberg, J. 2000. Resource-niche complementarity and autotrophic compensation determines ecosystem-level responses to increased cladoceran species richness. Oecologia 122:264-272.
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.122 , pp. 264-272
    • Norberg, J.1
  • 117
  • 118
    • 0002596015 scopus 로고
    • Food web complexity and species diversity
    • Paine, R. T. 1966. Food web complexity and species diversity. American Naturalist 100:65-75.
    • (1966) American Naturalist , vol.100 , pp. 65-75
    • Paine, R.T.1
  • 120
    • 0017377855 scopus 로고
    • Number of trophic levels in ecological communities
    • Pimm, S. L., and J. H. Lawton. 1977. Number of trophic levels in ecological communities. Nature 268:329-331.
    • (1977) Nature , vol.268 , pp. 329-331
    • Pimm, S.L.1    Lawton, J.H.2
  • 124
    • 0000597988 scopus 로고
    • The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity
    • Preston, F. W. 1962. The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity. Ecology 43:185-215, 410-432.
    • (1962) Ecology , vol.43 , pp. 185-215
    • Preston, F.W.1
  • 127
    • 0022861428 scopus 로고
    • Complementary models for ecosystems
    • Reiners, W. A. 1986. Complementary models for ecosystems. American Naturalist 127:59-93.
    • (1986) American Naturalist , vol.127 , pp. 59-93
    • Reiners, W.A.1
  • 129
    • 0027706703 scopus 로고
    • How are diversity and productivity related?
    • R. E. Rickleffs and D. Schluter, editors. Chicago University Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • Rosenzweig, M. L., and Z. Abramsky. 1994. How are diversity and productivity related? Pages 52-64 in R. E. Rickleffs and D. Schluter, editors. Species diversity in ecological communities. Chicago University Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
    • (1994) Species Diversity in Ecological Communities , pp. 52-64
    • Rosenzweig, M.L.1    Abramsky, Z.2
  • 130
    • 0001102676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory experiments with a mixotrophic chrysophyte and obligately phagotrophic and phototrophic competitors
    • Rothaupt, K. O. 1996a. Laboratory experiments with a mixotrophic chrysophyte and obligately phagotrophic and phototrophic competitors. Ecology 77:716-724.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 716-724
    • Rothaupt, K.O.1
  • 131
    • 0000947659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilization of substitutable carbon and phosphorus sources by the mixotrophic chrysophyte Ochromonas sp.
    • Rothaupt, K. O. 1996b. Utilization of substitutable carbon and phosphorus sources by the mixotrophic chrysophyte Ochromonas sp. Ecology 77:706-715.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 706-715
    • Rothaupt, K.O.1
  • 132
    • 0029148698 scopus 로고
    • When rigor meets reality
    • Roush, W. 1995. When rigor meets reality. Science 269:313-315.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 313-315
    • Roush, W.1
  • 133
    • 0034629324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity: Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100
    • Sala, O. E., et al. 2000. Biodiversity: global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science 287:1770-1774.
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , pp. 1770-1774
    • Sala, O.E.1
  • 134
    • 0033554692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of biodiversity regulate compositional stability of communities
    • Sankaran, M., and S. J. McNaughton. 1999. Determinants of biodiversity regulate compositional stability of communities. Nature 401:691-693.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 691-693
    • Sankaran, M.1    McNaughton, S.J.2
  • 135
    • 0033179426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem effects of biodiversity: A classification of hypotheses and exploration of empirical results
    • Schläpfer, F., and B. Schmid. 1999. Ecosystem effects of biodiversity: a classification of hypotheses and exploration of empirical results. Ecological Applications 9:893-912.
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , pp. 893-912
    • Schläpfer, F.1    Schmid, B.2
  • 139
    • 0025919139 scopus 로고
    • Conservation: Tactics for a constant crisis
    • Soulé, M. E. 1991. Conservation: tactics for a constant crisis. Science 253:744-750.
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 744-750
    • Soulé, M.E.1
  • 140
    • 0027061030 scopus 로고
    • Stoichiometric relationships among producers, consumers and nutrient cycling in pelagic ecosystems
    • Sterner, R. W., J. J. Elser, and D. O. Hessen. 1992. Stoichiometric relationships among producers, consumers and nutrient cycling in pelagic ecosystems. Biogeochemistry 17:49-67.
    • (1992) Biogeochemistry , vol.17 , pp. 49-67
    • Sterner, R.W.1    Elser, J.J.2    Hessen, D.O.3
  • 141
    • 0001774956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring global biodiversity and its decline
    • M. L. Reaka-Kudla, D. E. Wilson, and E. O. Wilson, editors. Island, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Stork, N. 1997. Measuring global biodiversity and its decline. Pages 41-68 in M. L. Reaka-Kudla, D. E. Wilson, and E. O. Wilson, editors. Biodiversity II. Island, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1997) Biodiversity II , pp. 41-68
    • Stork, N.1
  • 143
    • 0001590022 scopus 로고
    • Minimal community structure: An explanation of species abundance patterns
    • Sugihara, G. 1980. Minimal community structure: an explanation of species abundance patterns. American Naturalist 116:770-787.
    • (1980) American Naturalist , vol.116 , pp. 770-787
    • Sugihara, G.1
  • 144
    • 0033973164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A test of the effects of functional group richness and composition on grassland invasibility
    • Symstad, A. J. 2000. A test of the effects of functional group richness and composition on grassland invasibility. Ecology 81:99-109.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 99-109
    • Symstad, A.J.1
  • 145
    • 0031888339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species loss and ecosystem functioning: Effects of species identity and community composition
    • Symstad, A. J., D. Tilman, J. Wilson, and J. Knops. 1998. Species loss and ecosystem functioning: effects of species identity and community composition. Oikos 81:389-397.
    • (1998) Oikos , vol.81 , pp. 389-397
    • Symstad, A.J.1    Tilman, D.2    Wilson, J.3    Knops, J.4
  • 146
    • 0000853578 scopus 로고
    • The use and abuse of vegetational concepts and terms
    • Tansley, A. G. 1935. The use and abuse of vegetational concepts and terms. Ecology 16:284-307.
    • (1935) Ecology , vol.16 , pp. 284-307
    • Tansley, A.G.1
  • 149
    • 0030881030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem processes
    • Tilman, D., J. Knops, D. Wedin, P. Reich, M. Ritchie, and E. Siemann. 1997a. The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem processes. Science 277:1300-1302.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 1300-1302
    • Tilman, D.1    Knops, J.2    Wedin, D.3    Reich, P.4    Ritchie, M.5    Siemann, E.6
  • 150
    • 0031956806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity-stability relationships: Statistical inevitability or ecological consequence?
    • Tilman, D., C. L. Lehman, and C. E. Bristow. 1998. Diversity-stability relationships: statistical inevitability or ecological consequence? American Naturalist 151:277-282.
    • (1998) American Naturalist , vol.151 , pp. 277-282
    • Tilman, D.1    Lehman, C.L.2    Bristow, C.E.3
  • 153
    • 0029667536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems
    • Tilman, D., D. Wedin, and J. Knops. 1996. Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems. Nature 379:718-720.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.379 , pp. 718-720
    • Tilman, D.1    Wedin, D.2    Knops, J.3
  • 154
    • 0000623948 scopus 로고
    • A profusion of species? Approaches towards understanding the dynamics of the populations of the microarthropods in decomposer communities
    • R. M. Anderson, B. D. Turner, and L. R. Taylor, editors. Blackwell Scientific, London, UK
    • Usher, M. B., P. R. Davis, J. R. W. Harris, and B. C. Longstaff. 1979. A profusion of species? Approaches towards understanding the dynamics of the populations of the microarthropods in decomposer communities. Pages 359-384 in R. M. Anderson, B. D. Turner, and L. R. Taylor, editors. Population dynamics. Blackwell Scientific, London, UK.
    • (1979) Population Dynamics , pp. 359-384
    • Usher, M.B.1    Davis, P.R.2    Harris, J.R.W.3    Longstaff, B.C.4
  • 156
    • 0028162284 scopus 로고
    • Beyond global warming: Ecology and global change
    • Vitousek, P. M. 1994. Beyond global warming: ecology and global change. Ecology 75:1861-1876.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1861-1876
    • Vitousek, P.M.1
  • 157
    • 0000133986 scopus 로고
    • Human appropriation of the products of photosynthesis
    • Vitousek, P., P. Ehrlich, A. Ehrlich, and P. A. Matson. 1986. Human appropriation of the products of photosynthesis. BioScience 36:368-373.
    • (1986) BioScience , vol.36 , pp. 368-373
    • Vitousek, P.1    Ehrlich, P.2    Ehrlich, A.3    Matson, P.A.4
  • 158
    • 0002222699 scopus 로고
    • Biological diversity and terrestrial ecosystem biogeochemistry
    • E. D. Schulze and H. A. Mooney, editors. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA
    • Vitousek, P. M., and D. U. Hooper. 1993. Biological diversity and terrestrial ecosystem biogeochemistry. Pages 3-14 in E. D. Schulze and H. A. Mooney, editors. Biodiversity and ecosystem function. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1993) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function , pp. 3-14
    • Vitousek, P.M.1    Hooper, D.U.2
  • 161
    • 0027089264 scopus 로고
    • Biological diversity and ecological redundancy
    • Walker, B. H. 1992. Biological diversity and ecological redundancy. Conservation Biology 6:18-23.
    • (1992) Conservation Biology , vol.6 , pp. 18-23
    • Walker, B.H.1
  • 162
    • 0009342284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GCTE sciences: Objectives, structure and implementation
    • B. H. Walker and W. L. Steffen, editors. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
    • Walker, B. H., and W. L. Steffen. 1996. GCTE sciences: objectives, structure and implementation. Pages 3-9 in B. H. Walker and W. L. Steffen, editors. Global changes and terrestrial ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
    • (1996) Global Changes and Terrestrial Ecosystems , pp. 3-9
    • Walker, B.H.1    Steffen, W.L.2
  • 163
    • 0002807370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A more reliable design for biodiversity study?
    • Wardle, D. A. 1998. A more reliable design for biodiversity study? Nature 394:30.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.394 , pp. 30
    • Wardle, D.A.1
  • 164
    • 0032714969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is "sampling effect" a problem for experiments investigating biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships?
    • Wardle, D. A. 1999. Is "sampling effect" a problem for experiments investigating biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships? Oikos 87:403-407.
    • (1999) Oikos , vol.87 , pp. 403-407
    • Wardle, D.A.1
  • 165
    • 0034108682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of ecosystem properties in response to above-ground functional group richness and composition
    • Wardle, D. A., K. I. Bonnet, and G. M. Barker. 2000a. Stability of ecosystem properties in response to above-ground functional group richness and composition. Oikos 89:11-23.
    • (2000) Oikos , vol.89 , pp. 11-23
    • Wardle, D.A.1    Bonnet, K.I.2    Barker, G.M.3
  • 166
    • 0030620268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and plant litter: Experimental evidence which does not support the view that enhanced species richness improves ecosystem function
    • Wardle, D. A., K. I. Bonnet, and K. S. Nicholson. 1997a. Biodiversity and plant litter: experimental evidence which does not support the view that enhanced species richness improves ecosystem function. Oikos 79:247-258.
    • (1997) Oikos , vol.79 , pp. 247-258
    • Wardle, D.A.1    Bonnet, K.I.2    Nicholson, K.S.3
  • 169
    • 0030800859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of island area on ecosystem properties
    • Wardle, D. A., O. Zackrisson, G. Hörnberg, and C. Gallet. 1997c. The influence of island area on ecosystem properties. Science 277:1296-1299.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 1296-1299
    • Wardle, D.A.1    Zackrisson, O.2    Hörnberg, G.3    Gallet, C.4
  • 170
    • 0031952351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community assembly rules, morphological dispersion, and the coexistence of plant species
    • Weiher, E., G. D. P. Clarke, and P. A. Keddy. 1998. Community assembly rules, morphological dispersion, and the coexistence of plant species. Oikos 81:309-322.
    • (1998) Oikos , vol.81 , pp. 309-322
    • Weiher, E.1    Clarke, G.D.P.2    Keddy, P.A.3
  • 171
    • 0004129890 scopus 로고
    • National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Wilson, E. O., editor. 1988. Biodiversity. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1988) Biodiversity
    • Wilson, E.O.1
  • 173
    • 0002101420 scopus 로고
    • Biotic feedbacks from the warming of the earth
    • G. M. Woodwell and F. T. Mackenzie, editors. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA
    • Woodwell, G. M. 1995. Biotic feedbacks from the warming of the earth. Pages 3-21 in G. M. Woodwell and F. T. Mackenzie, editors. Biotic feedbacks in the global climate system. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1995) Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climate System , pp. 3-21
    • Woodwell, G.M.1
  • 175
    • 0020901565 scopus 로고
    • Species-energy theory: An extension of species-area theory
    • Wright, D. H. 1983. Species-energy theory: an extension of species-area theory. Oikos 41:496-506.
    • (1983) Oikos , vol.41 , pp. 496-506
    • Wright, D.H.1
  • 176
    • 0033574013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in a fluctuating environment: The insurance hypothesis
    • Yachi, S., and M. Loreau. 1999. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in a fluctuating environment: the insurance hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (USA) 96:1463-1468.
    • (1999) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (USA) , vol.96 , pp. 1463-1468
    • Yachi, S.1    Loreau, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.