The effects of tourism development on the sustainable utilisation of natural resources in the Okavango delta, Botswana

Current Issues in Tourism

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 251-273

  Mbaiwa, Joseph ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA   (Botswana)

Author keywords

Co management; Community based natural resource management; Social capital; Sustainable natural resource utilisation

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; COMANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; DATABASE; DELTA; DEVELOPING WORLD; ECOTOURISM; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; FIELDWORK; GRASS; HARVESTING; HUNTING; MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL; NATURAL RESOURCE; POVERTY ALLEVIATION; RESOURCE USE; SOCIAL CAPITAL; STAKEHOLDER; SUSTAINABILITY; TOURISM DEVELOPMENT; TOURIST DESTINATION; UNGULATE;

BOTSWANA; NGAMILAND; OKAVANGO DELTA;

GIRAFFIDAE; HIPPOTRAGUS; HYPARRHENIA;

EID: 79955502380     PISSN: 13683500     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2011.555525     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Adam, F., & Roncevic, B. (2003). Social capital: Recent debates and research trends. Social Science Information, 42, 155-183.
2. Albertson, A. (1998). Northern Botswana veterinary fences: Critical ecological impacts (p. 98). Maun: Okavango People's Wildlife Trust.
3. Anderson, C.L., Locker, L., & Nugent, R. (2002). Microcredit, social capital and common pool resources. World Development, 30, 95-105.
4. Arntzen, J., Buzwani, B., Setlhogile, T., Kgathi, D.L., & Motsholapheko, M.K. (2007). Communitybased resource management, rural livelihoods and environmental sustainability. Gaborone: Centre for Applied Research.
5. Arntzen, J., Molokomme, K., Tshosa, O., Moleele, N., Mazambani, D., & Terry, B. (2003). Review of CBNRM in Botswana. Gaborone: Centre for Applied Research.
6. Barnes, J. (1998). Alternative uses for natural resources in Botswana: Wildlife utilisation. In J. Hermans & D. Nteta (Eds.), Botswana in the 21st century (pp. 323-339). Gaborone: Botswana Society.
7. Blackie, P. (2006). Is small really beautiful? Community-based natural resource management in Malawi and Botswana. World Development, 34, 1942-1957.
8. Boggs, L.P. (2000). Community power, participation, conflict and development choice: Community wildlife conservation in the Okavango region of northern Botswana (Discussion Paper No. 17). Maun: IIED.
9. Bolaane, M. (2004). The impact of game reserve policy on the River BaSarwa/Bushmen of Botswana. Social Policy and Administration, 38(4), 399-417.
10. Brandon, K. (1998). Perils to parks: The social context of threats. In K. Redford, K. Brandon, & S. Sanderson (Eds.), Parks in Peril: People, politics, and protected areas (pp. 415-439). Washington, DC: The Nature Conservancy and Island Press.
11. Bromley, D. (1992). Making the commons work. San Francisco, CA: Institute for Contemporary Studies.
12. Central Statistic office (CSO). (2002). National population and housing census. Gaborone: Ministry of Finance and Development Planning.
13. Central Statistic Office (CSO). (2005). Wildlife Statistics 2004. Gaborone: Ministry of Finance and Development Planning.
14. Central Statistic Office (CSO). (2008). Poverty Map of Botswana. Gaborone: Ministry of Finance and Development Planning.
15. Child, B., Jones, B., Mazambani, D., Mlalazi, A., & Moinuddin, H. (2003). Final evaluation report: Zimbabwe Natural Resources Management Program-USAID/Zimbabwe Strategic Objective No. 1. Washington, DC: USAID.
16. Claridge, T. (2004). Social capital and natural resource management: An important role for social capital (Unpublished Master of Natural Resources Thesis). School of Natural and Rural Systems Management, University of Queensland, Australia.
17. Daniere, A., Takahashi, L.M., & NaRanong, A. (2002). Social capital, networks and community environments in Bangkok, Thailand. Growth and Change, 33, 453-484.
18. DeLacy, T. (2009, August 1). Pacific tourism adaptation to climate change risks. Presentation to UNDP conference on climate change in the Pacific: Impacts on local communities, Apia.
19. Dhesi, A.S. (2000). Social capital and community development. Community Development Journal, 35(3), 199-214.
20. Flora, C., & Flora, J. (2003). Entrepreneurial social infrastructure: A necessary ingredient. Annals, AAPSS, 529, 48-58.
21. Fukuyama, F. (2001). Social capital, civil society and development. Third World Quarterly, 22, 7-20.
22. Grootaert, C. (2001). Social capital: The missing link. In E.M. Uslaner (Ed.), Social capital and participation in everyday life (pp. 9-29). London: Routledge.
23. Government of Botswana. (2007). Community-based natural resource management policy. Government Paper No. 2 of 1990. Gaborone: Government Printer.
24. Gumbricht, T., Wolski, P., Frost, P., & McCarthy, T.S. (2004). Forecasting the spatial extent of annual flood in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Journal of Hydrology, 290, 178-191.
25. Hardin, G. (1968). The tragedy of the commons. Science, 162, 1243-1248.
26. Jiang, M., DeLacy, T., & Noakes, S. (2009, November 30-December 1). Tourism, the MDGs and climate change in the South Pacific islands. International conference on 'Meeting the Millennium Development Goals: Old problems, new challenges', Melbourne.
27. Johnson, S. (2009). State of CBNRM Report 2009. Gaborone: Botswana National CBNRM Forum.
28. Kgathi, D.L., Ngwenya, B.N., & Wilk, J. (2007). Shocks and rural livelihoods in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Development Southern Africa, 24(2), 289-308.
29. Koka, B.R., & Prescott, J.E. (2002). Strategic alliances as social capital: A multidimensional view. Strategic Management Journal, 23, 785-816.
30. Leach, M., Mearns, R., & Scoones, I. (1999). Environmental entitlements: Dynamics and institutions in community-based natural resources management. World Development, 27, 225-247.
31. Magole, L.I., & Gojamang, O. (2005). The dynamics of tourist visitation to national parks and game reserves in Botswana. Botswana Notes and Records, 37, 80-96.
32. Magole, L.I., & Magole, L. (2005). Ecotourism and socio-economic development of Basarwa: The case of Gudigwa village. Gaborone: University of Botswana & University of Tromso Basarwa Collaborative Programme.
33. Mbaiwa, J.E. (1999). Prospects for sustainable wildlife resource utilization and management in Botswana: A case study of east Ngamiland District (M.Sc. thesis). Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone.
34. Mbaiwa, J.E. (2004). The success and sustainability of community-based natural resource management in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. South African Geographical Journal, 86(1), 44-53.
35. Mbaiwa, J.E. (2005a). Wildlife resource utilization at Moremi Game Reserve and Khwai community area in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Journal of Environmental Management, 77(2), 144-156.
36. Mbaiwa, J.E. (2005b). Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Tourism Management, 26, 157-172.
37. Mbaiwa, J.E. (2010). Tourism, livelihoods and conservation: The case of the Okavango Delta, Botswana (p. 188). Saarbrucken: Lambert Academic.
38. Mbaiwa, J.E., & Stronza, A.L. (2010). The effects of tourism development on rural livelihoods in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(5), 635-656.
39. McNeely, J.A. (1993). People and protected areas: Partners in prosperity. In E. Kemf (Ed.), Indigenous peoples and protected areas: The law of the mother (pp. 249-257). London: Earthscan.
40. Moganane, B.O., & Walker, K.P. (1995). The role of local knowledge in the management of natural resources with emphasis on woodlands, veld products and wildlife: Botswana case study. Gaborone: Forestry Association of Botswana.
41. Mordi, R. (1991). Public attitudes towards wildlife in Botswana. New York, NY: Garland Publishing.
42. Muir-Leresche, B.I., Chambati, W., & Khumalo, A. (2003). An analysis of CAMPFIRE revenue generation and its distribution: The first decade (1989-2000). World Wide Fund for Nature-Southern Africa Regional Programme (WWF-SARPO) Report, Harare, Zimbabwe, June.
43. Mwenya, A.N., Lewis, D.M., & Kaweche, G.B. (1991). Policy, background and future: National parks and wildlife services, new administrative management design for game management areas. Lusuka: United States Agency for International Development.
44. North West District Council (NWDC). (2003). District development plan six 2003/4-2008/9. Maun: Author.
45. Oates, J.F. (1999). Myth and reality in the rainforest: How conservation strategies are failing in West Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press.
46. Okavango Community Consultants. (1995). Management plans for controlled hunting areas allocated to communities in Ngamiland WMA's Draft Final Report. Maun: Author.
47. Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
48. Othomile, M.B. (1997). Illegal offtake and anti-poaching strategies for the 21st century. In Kalahari Conservation Society and Department of Wildlife and National Parks (Eds.), Proceedings of a national conference on conservation and management of wildlife in Botswana (pp. 169-175). Gaborone: Department of Wildlife and National Parks & Kalahari Conservation Society.
49. Perkins, J.S. (1996). Botswana: Fencing out of the equity issue, cattleposts and cattle ranches in the Khalahari Desert. Journal of Arid Environments, 33, 503-517.
50. Perkins, J.S., & Ringrose, S.M. (1996). Development co-operation's objectives and the beef protocol: The case of Botswana. A Study of Livestock/Wildlife/Tourism/Degradation Linkages. Gaborone: University of Botswana.
51. Pilkington, P. (2002). Social capital and health: Measuring and understanding social capital at a local level could help to tackle health inequalities more effectively. Journal of Public Health Medicine, 24, 156-159.
52. Pretty, J. (2005). The Earthscan Reader in sustainable agriculture. London: Earthscan.
53. Pretty, J., & Smith, D. (2003). Social capital in biodiversity conservation and management. Conservation Biology, 18(3), 631-638.
54. Pretty, J., & Ward, H. (2001). Social capital and the environment. World Development, 29, 209-227.
55. Putman, R. (1995). Turning in, turning out: The strange disappearance of social capital in America. Political Science and Politics, XXVIII(4), 664-683.
56. Ritchie, M. (2000). Social capacity, sustainable development, and older people: Lessons from community-based care in southeast Asia. Development in Practice, 10, 638-651.
57. Scoones, I. (1998). Sustainable rural livelihoods: A framework for analysis (Discussion Paper 296). Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex.
58. Swatuk, L.A. (2005). From 'project' to 'context': Community based natural resource Management in Botswana. Global Environmental Politics, 5, 95-124.
59. Szreter, S. (2000). Social capital, the economy, and education in historical perspective. In T. Schuller (Ed.), Social capital: Critical Perspectives (pp. 56-77). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
60. Taylor, M. (2000). Life, land and power, contesting development in northern Botswana (PhD thesis). Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh.
61. Terborgh, J. (1999). Requiem for nature. Washington, DC: Island/Shearwater.
62. Thakadu, O.T. (2005). Success factors in community-based natural resource management projects' mobilization in northern Botswana: Lessons from practice. Natural Resource Forum, 29(3), 199-212.
63. Thakadu, O.T., Mangadi, K., Bernard, F.T., & Mbaiwa, J.E. (2005). The economic contribution of safari hunting to rural livelihoods at Sankoyo Village in the Okavango, Botswana. Botswana Notes and Records, 37, 22-39.
64. Tlou, T. (1985). History of Ngamiland: 1750-1906: The formation of an African state. Gaborone: Macmillan Publishing.
65. Tsing, A.L., Brosius, J.P., & Zerner, C. (1999). Assessing community-based natural resource management. Ambio, 28, 197-198.
66. Twyman, C. (2000). Participatory conservation? Community-based natural resource management in Botswana. The Geographical Journal, 166(4), 323-335.
67. United Nations. (2007). Study on the role of tourism in socio-economic development. New York, NY: Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
68. Watson, G.W., & Papamarcos, S.D. (2002). Social capital and organizational commitment. Journal of Business and Psychology, 16, 537-552.
69. Wilshusen, P.R., Brechin, S.R., & West, P.C. (2002). Reinventing a square wheel: Critique of a resurgent 'Protection Paradigm' in International Biodiversity Conservation. Society and Natural Resources, 15, 17-40.