Decentralization of CD4 testing in resource-limited settings: 7 years of experience in six African countries

Cytometry Part A

Volumn 79 A, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 368-374

  Marinucci, F ^a   Medina Moreno, S ^a   Paterniti, A D ^a   Wattleworth, M ^a   Redfield, R R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Africa; CD4 testing; Flow cytometry; HIV; Implementation; Strategy

Indexed keywords

AFRICA; ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; ECONOMICS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INSTRUMENTATION; METHODOLOGY;

AFRICA; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; HIV; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS;

EID: 79955153500     PISSN: 15524922     EISSN: 15524930     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21064     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. + cell count testing more effective than hiv disease clinical staging in identifying pregnant and postpartum women eligible for antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. JAIDS 2010; 55: 404-410.
2. WHO. Rapid advice: use of antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant women and preventing HIV infection in infants. (2009). Available at: Accessed November 16, 2010.
3. Nkengasong JN, Mesele T, Orloff S, Kebede Y, Fonjungo P, Timperi R, Birx D. Critical Role of Developing National Strategic Plans as a Guide to Strengthen Laboratory Health Systems in Resource-Poor Settings. Am J Clin Pathol 2009; 131: 852-857.
4. Nkengasong JN, Nsubuga P, Nwanyanwu O, Gershy-Damet GM, Roscigno G, Bulterys M, Schoub B, DeCock K, Birx D. Laboratory systems and services are critical in global health. Am J Clin Pathol 2010; 134: 368-373.
5. Mandy F, Janossy G, Bergeron M, Pilon R, Faucher S. Affordable CD4 T-cell enumeration for resource-limited regions: A status report for 2008. Cytometry Part B 2008, 74B( Suppl 1): S123-S130.
6. Barnett D, Walker B, Landay A, Denny TN. CD4 Immunophenotyping in HIV Infection. Nat Rev Microbiol 2008, S7-S15.
7. Larsen CH. The fragile environments of inexpensive CD4+ T-cell enumeration in the least developed countries: Strategies for accessible support. Cytometry Part B 2008; 74B( Suppl 1): S107-S116.
8. Birx D, de Souza M, Nkengasong JN. Laboratory challenges in the scaling up of HIV, TB, and malaria programs. Am J Clin Pathol 2009; 131: 849-851.
9. Westerman LE, Kohatsu L, Ortiz A, McClain B, Kaplan J, Spira T, Marston B, Jani I, Nkengasong J, Parsons LM. A quality management system approach for CD4 testing in resource-poor settings. Am J Clin Pathol 2010; 134: 556-567.
10. National Guidelines for the Management of HIV and AIDS. National AIDS Control Programme (NACP), Tanzania, 3rd ed. 2009; p 84.
11. Opio A, Wafula W, Amone J, Kajumbula H, Nkengasong JN. Country leadership and policy are critical factors for implementing laboratory accreditation in developing countries. Am J Clin Pathol 2010; 34: 381-387.
12. Available at: Accessed November 16, 2010.