메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 633-655

Overcoming governance and institutional barriers to integrated coastal zone, marine protected area, and tourism management in Sri Lanka

Author keywords

Governance; Institutional organization; Integrated coastal management; Marine protected areamanagement; Resilience; Sri Lanka; Sustainable development; Tourism management

Indexed keywords


EID: 79955124497     PISSN: 08920753     EISSN: 15210421     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08920750903194272     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (91)
  • 2
    • 85023845028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youthfest: Sri Lanka’s Hikkaduwa beach fest targets young travelers
    • July
    • Alahokone, N. 2008. Youthfest: Sri Lanka’s Hikkaduwa beach fest targets young travelers. Lanka Business Online, July 26.
    • (2008) Lanka Business Online , pp. 26
    • Alahokone, N.1
  • 3
    • 85023808384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environment Ministry to revive coral reefs
    • October 7
    • Bandara, K. 2008. Environment Ministry to revive coral reefs. Daily Mirror, October 7.
    • (2008) Daily Mirror
    • Bandara, K.1
  • 4
    • 34548409589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated conservation and development project life, cycles in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal: Is development overpowering conservation?
    • Baral, N., M. J. Stern, and J. T. Heinen. 2007. Integrated conservation and development project life cycles in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal: Is development overpowering conservation? Biodiversity and Conservation 16:2903–2917.
    • (2007) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.16 , pp. 2903-2917
    • Baral, N.1    Stern, M.J.2    Heinen, J.T.3
  • 5
    • 0038025703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The growth of integrated coastal management and the role of indicators in integrated coastal management: Introduction to the special issue
    • Belfiore, S. 2003. The growth of integrated coastal management and the role of indicators in integrated coastal management: Introduction to the special issue. Ocean & Coastal Management 46:225–234.
    • (2003) Ocean & Coastal Management , vol.46 , pp. 225-234
    • Belfiore, S.1
  • 6
    • 33745904720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From community-based resource management to complex systems: The scale issue and marine commons
    • ):[online], Available at
    • Berkes, F. 2006. From community-based resource management to complex systems: The scale issue and marine commons. Ecology and Society 11(1):[online]. Available at http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss1/art45/
    • (2006) Ecology and Society , vol.11 , Issue.1
    • Berkes, F.1
  • 7
    • 33747624161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collaborative partnership design: The implications of organizational affiliation for watershed partnerships
    • Bidwell, R. D., and C. Ryan. 2006. Collaborative partnership design: The implications of organizational affiliation for watershed partnerships. Society and Natural Resources 19:827–843.
    • (2006) Society and Natural Resources , vol.19 , pp. 827-843
    • Bidwell, R.D.1    Ryan, C.2
  • 8
    • 84866229894 scopus 로고
    • Sustainable tourism: An evolving global approach
    • Bramwell, B., and B. Lane. 1993. Sustainable tourism: An evolving global approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 1:6–16.
    • (1993) Journal of Sustainable Tourism , vol.1 , pp. 6-16
    • Bramwell, B.1    Lane, B.2
  • 9
    • 0018917460 scopus 로고
    • The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources
    • Butler, R.W. 1980. The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources. Canadian Geographer 24:5–12.
    • (1980) Canadian Geographer , vol.24 , pp. 5-12
    • Butler, R.W.1
  • 10
    • 0019381484 scopus 로고
    • Rapid rural appraisal: Rationale and repertoire
    • Chambers, R. 1981. Rapid rural appraisal: Rationale and repertoire. Public Administration and Development 1:95–106.
    • (1981) Public Administration and Development , vol.1 , pp. 95-106
    • Chambers, R.1
  • 11
    • 20744457426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is integrated coastal management sustainable?
    • Christie, P. 2005. Is integrated coastal management sustainable? Ocean & Coastal Management 48:208–232.
    • (2005) Ocean & Coastal Management , vol.48 , pp. 208-232
    • Christie, P.1
  • 15
    • 46649116602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sri Lanka, Colombo: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
    • Coast Conservation Department. 2004. Coastal Zone Management Plan (revised), Sri Lanka. Colombo: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources.
    • (2004) Coastal Zone Management Plan (Revised)
  • 17
    • 0038381465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating collaborative natural resource management
    • Conley, A., and M. A. Moote. 2003. Evaluating collaborative natural resource management. Society and Natural Resources 16:371–386.
    • (2003) Society and Natural Resources , vol.16 , pp. 371-386
    • Conley, A.1    Moote, M.A.2
  • 19
    • 0034529572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of ecotourism in developing nations: An analysis of case studies
    • Doan, T. M. 2000. The effects of ecotourism in developing nations: An analysis of case studies. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 8:288–304.
    • (2000) Journal of Sustainable Tourism , vol.8 , pp. 288-304
    • Doan, T.M.1
  • 21
    • 0042362247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speaking up in the operating room: How team leaders promote learning in interdisciplinary action teams
    • Edmondson, A. C. 2003. Speaking up in the operating room: How team leaders promote learning in interdisciplinary action teams. Journal of Management Studies 40:1419–1452.
    • (2003) Journal of Management Studies , vol.40 , pp. 1419-1452
    • Edmondson, A.C.1
  • 22
    • 0038702074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indicators to measure governance performance in integrated coastal management
    • Ehler, C. N. 2003. Indicators to measure governance performance in integrated coastal management. Ocean & Coastal Management 46:335–345.
    • (2003) Ocean & Coastal Management , vol.46 , pp. 335-345
    • Ehler, C.N.1
  • 23
    • 84903328611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing images of trustworthiness in organizations
    • R. M. Kramer and K. S. Cook, NewYork: Russel Sage Foundation
    • Elsbach, K. D. 2004. Managing images of trustworthiness in organizations. In Trust and distrust in organizations: Dilemmas and approaches, eds. R. M. Kramer and K. S. Cook, 275–292. New York: Russel Sage Foundation.
    • (2004) Trust and Distrust in Organizations: Dilemmas and Approaches , pp. 275-292
    • Elsbach, K.D.1
  • 27
    • 0036671767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilience and sustainable development: Building adaptive capacity in a world of transformations
    • Folke, C., S. R. Carpenter, T. Elmqvist, L. H. Gunderson, C. S. Holling, and B. Walker. 2002. Resilience and sustainable development: Building adaptive capacity in a world of transformations. Ambio 31:437–440.
    • (2002) Ambio , vol.31 , pp. 437-440
    • Folke, C.1    Carpenter, S.R.2    Elmqvist, T.3    Gunderson, L.H.4    Holling, C.S.5    Walker, B.6
  • 29
    • 84973847624 scopus 로고
    • Conditions facilitating inter organizational collaboration
    • Gray, B. 1985. Conditions facilitating inter organizational collaboration. Human Relations 38: 911–936.
    • (1985) Human Relations , vol.38 , pp. 911-936
    • Gray, B.1
  • 31
    • 0028172771 scopus 로고
    • What is ecosystem management?
    • Grumbine, R. E. 1994. What is ecosystem management? Conservation Biology 8:27–38.
    • (1994) Conservation Biology , vol.8 , pp. 27-38
    • Grumbine, R.E.1
  • 34
    • 84892787493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coastal governance in donor-assisted countries
    • S. B. Olsen, Narragansett, RI: The CoastalResources Management Program
    • Hale, L. Z., and S. B. Olsen. 2003. Coastal governance in donor-assisted countries. In Crafting coastal governance in a changing world, ed. S. B. Olsen, 37–60. Narragansett, RI: The Coastal Resources Management Program.
    • (2003) Crafting Coastal Governance in a Changing World , pp. 37-60
    • Hale, L.Z.1    Olsen, S.B.2
  • 35
    • 85071772428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation as the centrepiece of sustainable wildlife tourism
    • R. Harris, T. Griffin, and P. Williams, Oxford: Elsevier Science Limited
    • Ham, S. H., and B. Weiler. 2002. Interpretation as the centrepiece of sustainable wildlife tourism. In Sustainable tourism: A global perspective, eds. R. Harris, T. Griffin, and P. Williams, 35–44. Oxford: Elsevier Science Limited.
    • (2002) Sustainable Tourism: A Global Perspective , pp. 35-44
    • Ham, S.H.1    Weiler, B.2
  • 36
    • 28244478571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The formation of large-scale collaborative resource management
    • Heikkila, T., and A. K. Gerlak. 2005. The formation of large-scale collaborative resource management institutions: Clarifying the roles of stakeholders, science, and institutions. The Policy Studies Journal 33:583–612.
    • (2005) The Policy Studiesjournal , vol.33 , pp. 583-612
    • Heikkila, T.1    Gerlak, A.K.2
  • 37
    • 85023856670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Special Area Management Plan for Hikkaduwa Sanctuary and Environs, Sri Lanka
    • Sri Lanka: Coastal Resources Management Project
    • Hikkaduwa Special Area Management and Marine Sanctuary Coordinating Committee, Coast Conservation Department, NationalAquatic ResourcesAgency, and Coastal Resources Management Project. 1996. Special Area Management Plan for Hikkaduwa Sanctuary and Environs, Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Coastal Resources Management Project.
    • (1996) Coast Conservation Department, Nationalaquatic Resourcesagency, and Coastal Resources Management
  • 39
    • 0002382792 scopus 로고
    • What barriers? What bridges?
    • L. H. Gunderson, C. S. Holling, and S. S. Light, NewYork: ColumbiaUniversity Press
    • Holling, C. S. 1995. What barriers? What bridges? In Barriers and bridges to the renewal of ecosystems and institutions, eds. L. H. Gunderson, C. S. Holling, and S. S. Light, 3–36. NewYork: Columbia University Press.
    • (1995) Barriers and Bridges to the Renewal of Ecosystems and Institutions , pp. 3-36
    • Holling, C.S.1
  • 40
    • 1342312260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interagency collaboration for integrated coastal zone management: A Bangladesh case study
    • Huda, A. 2004. Interagency collaboration for integrated coastal zone management: A Bangladesh case study. Coastal Management 32:89–94.
    • (2004) Coastal Management , vol.32 , pp. 89-94
    • Huda, A.1
  • 41
    • 0000391306 scopus 로고
    • Becoming PALs: Pooling, allying and linking across companies
    • Kanter, R. M. 1989. Becoming PALs: Pooling, allying and linking across companies. Academy of Management Executive 33:183–193.
    • (1989) Academy of Management Executive , vol.33 , pp. 183-193
    • Kanter, R.M.1
  • 42
    • 1942521253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is community-based ecotourism a good use of biodiversity conservation funds?
    • Kiss, A. 2004. Is community-based ecotourism a good use of biodiversity conservation funds? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19:232–237.
    • (2004) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.19 , pp. 232-237
    • Kiss, A.1
  • 43
    • 0001035535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem management: Agency liberation from command andcontrol
    • Knight, R., and G. Meffe. 1997. Ecosystem management: Agency liberation from command and control. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:676–678.
    • (1997) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.25 , pp. 676-678
    • Knight, R.1    Meffe, G.2
  • 45
    • 33745888401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Governance and the capacity to manage resilience in regional social-ecological systems
    • [online], Available at
    • Lebel, L., J. M. Anderies, B. Campbell, C. Folke, S. Hatfield-Dodds, T. P. Hughes, and J. Wilson. 2006. Governance and the capacity to manage resilience in regional social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society 11:19 [online]. Available at http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss1/art19/
    • (2006) Ecologyand Society , vol.19 , pp. 11
    • Lebel, L.1    Anderies, J.M.2    Campbell, B.3    Folke, C.4    Hatfield-Dodds, S.5    Hughes, T.P.6    Wilson, J.7
  • 46
    • 84931845770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of coastal management in Sri Lanka
    • S. B. Olsen, Narragansett, RI: The Coastal ResourcesManagement Program
    • Lowry, K. 2003. The evolution of coastal management in Sri Lanka. In Crafting coastal governance in a changing world, ed. S. B. Olsen, 117–147. Narragansett, RI: The Coastal Resources Management Program.
    • (2003) Crafting Coastal Governance in a Changing World , pp. 117-147
    • Lowry, K.1
  • 47
    • 0033180505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy relevant assessment of community-level coastal management projects in Sri Lanka
    • Lowry, K., N. Pallewatte, and A. P. Dainis. 1999. Policy relevant assessment of community-level coastal management projects in Sri Lanka. Ocean & Coastal Management 42:717–742.
    • (1999) Ocean & Coastal Management , vol.42 , pp. 717-742
    • Lowry, K.1    Pallewatte, N.2    Dainis, A.P.3
  • 48
    • 0010581019 scopus 로고
    • Coastal area management in Sri Lanka
    • E. M. Borgese, N. Ginsberg, and J. R. Morgan, Chicago: Universityof Chicago Press
    • Lowry, K., and H. J. M. Wickremeratne. 1988. Coastal area management in Sri Lanka. In Ocean Yearbook 7, eds. E. M. Borgese, N. Ginsberg, and J. R. Morgan, 263–293. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1988) Ocean Yearbook , vol.7 , pp. 263-293
    • Lowry, K.1    Wickremeratne, H.J.M.2
  • 49
    • 3042734991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collaborative environmental institutions: All talk and no action?
    • Lubell, M. 2004. Collaborative environmental institutions: All talk and no action? Journal of Policy Analysis Management 23:549–574.
    • (2004) Journal of Policy Analysis Management , vol.23 , pp. 549-574
    • Lubell, M.1
  • 50
    • 0031432066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human ecosystem part I: The human Ecosystem as an Organizing Concept in Ecosystem Management
    • Machlis, G. E., J. E. Force, and W. R. Burch. 1997. The human ecosystem part I: The human Ecosystem as an Organizing Concept in Ecosystem Management. Society and Natural Resources 10:347–367.
    • (1997) Society and Natural Resources , vol.10 , pp. 347-367
    • Machlis, G.E.1    Force, J.E.2    Burch, W.R.3
  • 53
    • 0036788182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing progress toward the goals of coastal management
    • Olsen, S. B. 2002. Assessing progress toward the goals of coastal management. CoastalManagement 30:325–344.
    • (2002) Coastalmanagement , vol.30 , pp. 325-344
    • Olsen, S.B.1
  • 54
    • 0038025686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frameworks and indicators for assessing progress in integrated coastal management initiatives
    • Olsen, S. B. 2003. Frameworks and indicators for assessing progress in integrated coastal management initiatives. Ocean & Coastal Management 46:347–361.
    • (2003) Ocean & Coastal Management , vol.46 , pp. 347-361
    • Olsen, S.B.1
  • 55
    • 0034067673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are we learning from tropical coastal management experiences?
    • Olsen, S. B., and P. Christie. 2000. What are we learning from tropical coastal management experiences? Coastal Management 28:5–18.
    • (2000) Coastal Management , vol.28 , pp. 5-18
    • Olsen, S.B.1    Christie, P.2
  • 57
    • 0032456948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A learning-based approach to coastal management
    • Olsen, S. B., J. Tobey, and L. Z. Hale. 1998. A learning-based approach to coastal management. Ambio 27:611–619.
    • (1998) Ambio , vol.27 , pp. 611-619
    • Olsen, S.B.1    Tobey, J.2    Hale, L.Z.3
  • 58
    • 0031398636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A common framework for learning from ICM experience
    • Olsen, S. B., J. Tobey, and M. Kerr. 1997. A common framework for learning from ICM experience. Ocean & Coastal Management 37:155–174.
    • (1997) Ocean & Coastal Management , vol.37 , pp. 155-174
    • Olsen, S.B.1    Tobey, J.2    Kerr, M.3
  • 59
    • 0347907932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive co-management for building social-ecological resilience
    • Olsson, P., C. Folke, and F. Berkes. 2004. Adaptive co-management for building social-ecological resilience. Environmental Management 34:75–90.
    • (2004) Environmental Management , vol.34 , pp. 75-90
    • Olsson, P.1    Folke, C.2    Berkes, F.3
  • 60
    • 33745916751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shooting the rapids: Navigating transitions to adaptive governance of social-ecological systems
    • [online], Available at
    • Olsson, P., L. H. Gunderson, S. R. Carpenter, P. Ryan, L. Lebel, C. Folke, and C. S. Holling. 2006. Shooting the rapids: Navigating transitions to adaptive governance of social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society 11:18 [online]. Available at http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss1/art18/
    • (2006) Ecology and Society , vol.11 , pp. 18
    • Olsson, P.1    Gunderson, L.H.2    Carpenter, S.R.3    Ryan, P.4    Lebel, L.5    Folke, C.6    Holling, C.S.7
  • 61
    • 35648973753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine protected areas in Sri Lanka: A review
    • Perera, N., and A. deVos. 2007. Marine protected areas in Sri Lanka: A review. Environmental Management 40:727–738.
    • (2007) Environmental Management , vol.40 , pp. 727-738
    • Perera, N.1    Devos, A.2
  • 62
    • 85023853766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of an inter-agency committee and action plan for the restoration of Hikkaduwa, Sri Lanka into a resilient community and sustainable coastal tourism destination. Colombo
    • Sri Lanka, USAID SCOTIA-SL, Louis Berger Group & Clemson University
    • Powell, R. B. 2007. Hikkaduwa restoration task force (HRTF): Formation of an inter-agency committee and action plan for the restoration of Hikkaduwa, Sri Lanka into a resilient community and sustainable coastal tourism destination. Colombo, Sri Lanka: USAID SCOTIA-SL, Louis Berger Group & Clemson University.
    • (2007) Hikkaduwa restoration task force (HRTF)
    • Powell, R.B.1
  • 63
    • 49349116342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can ecotourism interpretation really lead to pro-conservation knowledge, attitudes and behavior? Evidence from the Galapagos Islands
    • Powell, R. B., and S. H. Ham. 2008. Can ecotourism interpretation really lead to pro-conservation knowledge, attitudes and behavior? Evidence from the Galapagos Islands. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 16:467–489.
    • (2008) Journal of Sustainabletourism , vol.16 , pp. 467-489
    • Powell, R.B.1    Ham, S.H.2
  • 65
    • 0002417093 scopus 로고
    • Managing innovation: Controlled chaos
    • Quinn, J. B. 1985. Managing innovation: Controlled chaos. Harvard Business Review 63:73–84.
    • (1985) Harvard Business Review , vol.63 , pp. 73-84
    • Quinn, J.B.1
  • 66
    • 84867307168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status report on the condition of reef habitats in Sri Lanka, 2002
    • 2002, eds. O. Linden, D. Souter, D.Wilhelmsson and D. Obura, Kalmar, Sweden: CORDIO
    • Rajasuriya, A. 2002. Status report on the condition of reef habitats in Sri Lanka, 2002. In Coral reef degradation in the Indian Ocean: Status report 2002, eds. O. Linden, D. Souter, D.Wilhelmsson and D. Obura, 139–148. Kalmar, Sweden: CORDIO.
    • (2002) Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean: Status Report , pp. 139-148
    • Rajasuriya, A.1
  • 67
    • 35648978310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The status of coral reefs in Sri Lanka in the aftermath of the 1998 coral bleaching event and the 2004 tsunami
    • 2005, eds. D. Souter and O. Linden, Kalmar, Sweden: CORDIO
    • Rajasuriya, A. 2005. The status of coral reefs in Sri Lanka in the aftermath of the 1998 coral bleaching event and the 2004 tsunami. In Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean: Status report 2005, eds. D. Souter and O. Linden, 83–96. Kalmar, Sweden: CORDIO.
    • (2005) Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean: Status Report , pp. 83-96
    • Rajasuriya, A.1
  • 68
    • 0036243594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudinal organizational commitment and job performance: A meta-analysis
    • Riketta, M. 2002. Attitudinal organizational commitment and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior 23:257–266.
    • (2002) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.23 , pp. 257-266
    • Riketta, M.1
  • 69
    • 33748747576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traditions of sustainability in tourism studies
    • Saarinen, J. 2006. Traditions of sustainability in tourism studies. Annals of Tourism Research 33:1121–1140.
    • (2006) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.33 , pp. 1121-1140
    • Saarinen, J.1
  • 70
    • 85023806899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paper read at Proceedings of the workshop on coastal area planning and management in Asian tsunami-affected countries, September 27–29, 2006, at Bangkok, Thailand
    • Samaranayake, R. A. D. B. 2007. Pre- and post-tsunami coastal planning and land-use policies and issues in Sri Lanka. Paper read at Proceedings of the workshop on coastal area planning and management in Asian tsunami-affected countries, September 27–29, 2006, at Bangkok, Thailand.
    • (2007) Pre- and Post-Tsunami Coastal Planning and Land-Use Policies and Issues in Sri Lanka
    • Samaranayake, R.A.D.B.1
  • 71
    • 20444433158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing intangible assets: An essay on organizing contemporary organizations based upon identity, competencies and networks
    • Schoemaker, M., and J. Jonker. 2005. Managing intangible assets: An essay on organizing contemporary organizations based upon identity, competencies and networks. Journal of Management Development 24:506–518.
    • (2005) Journal of Managementdevelopment , vol.24 , pp. 506-518
    • Schoemaker, M.1    Jonker, J.2
  • 72
    • 85023832751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paper read at Consultative Workshop on Post-tsunami Reconstruction Experiences of Local NGOs, November, 23, 2005, at Colombo
    • Sri Lanka
    • Shanmugaratnam, N. 2005. Challenges of post-disaster development of coastal areas in Sri Lanka. Paper read at Consultative Workshop on Post-tsunami Reconstruction Experiences of Local NGOs, November, 23, 2005, at Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    • (2005) Challenges of post-disaster development of coastal areas in Sri Lanka
    • Shanmugaratnam, N.1
  • 73
    • 0030958689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National and international efforts at integrated coastal management: Definitions, achievements, and lessons
    • Sorensen, J. 1997. National and international efforts at integrated coastal management: Definitions, achievements, and lessons. Coastal Management 25:3–41.
    • (1997) Coastal Management , vol.25 , pp. 3-41
    • Sorensen, J.1
  • 74
    • 85023837328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual statistical report of Sri Lanka tourism: 2007. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Research and International Affairs Division. Sri Lanka Tourist Board. 2003. Ecotourism Development Strategy of Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Tourism
    • Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority. 2007. Annual statistical report of Sri Lanka tourism: 2007. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Research and International Affairs Division. Sri Lanka Tourist Board. 2003. Ecotourism Development Strategy of Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Tourism.
    • (2007)
  • 75
    • 85023894136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sri Lanka Tourism: Annual Statistical Report 2005. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Tourist Board. Sri Lanka Tourist Board. 2005b. Tourism Zones and Development Guidelines. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Tourism
    • Sri Lanka Tourist Board. 2005a. Sri Lanka Tourism: Annual Statistical Report 2005. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Tourist Board. Sri Lanka Tourist Board. 2005b. Tourism Zones and Development Guidelines. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Tourism.
    • (2005)
  • 76
    • 85023876473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P. Thomas, The Rough Guides. New York:Rough Guides, Ltd
    • Thomas, Gavin. 2006. The rough guide to Sri Lanka. Ed. P. Thomas, The Rough Guides. New York: Rough Guides, Ltd.
    • (2006) The Rough Guide to Sri Lanka
    • Thomas, G.1
  • 78
    • 85023801518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Southwest Coast Tourism and Community Infrastructure Development Study
    • Spain: Government of Sri Lanka
    • United Nations Development Programme, and World Tourism Organization. 2000. Southwest Coast Tourism and Community Infrastructure Development Study. Madrid, Spain: Government of Sri Lanka.
    • (2000) Guidelines and Methodologies
  • 79
    • 85023819150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism Master Plan, Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Tourism
    • United Nations Development Programme, and World Tourism Organization. 2002. Tourism Master Plan, Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Tourism.
    • (2002)
  • 82
    • 85023899425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organizations and Activities in the Coastal Areas of Sri Lanka: Current Programs and Projects
    • Colombo, Sri Lanka: USAID
    • USAID. 2005. Organizations and Activities in the Coastal Areas of Sri Lanka: Current Programs and Projects. Colombo, Sri Lanka: USAID.
    • (2005) A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives. Geneva
  • 84
    • 33745918628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A handful of heuristics and some propositions for understanding resilience in social ecological systems
    • Walker, B., L. H. Gunderson, A. Kinzig, C. Folke, S R. Carpenter, and L. Schultz. 2006. A handful of heuristics and some propositions for understanding resilience in social ecological systems. Ecology and Society 11(1):13 [online]. Available at http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss1/art13
    • (2006) Ecology and Society , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 13
    • Walker, B.1    Gunderson, L.H.2    Kinzig, A.3    Folke, C.4    Carpenter, S.R.5    Schultz, L.6
  • 86
    • 0002725322 scopus 로고
    • Governing design: The management of social systems and ecosystems management
    • L. H. Gunderson, C. S. Holling, and S. S. Light, New York: Columbia University Press
    • Westley, F. 1995. Governing design: The management of social systems and ecosystems management. In Barriers and bridges to the renewal of ecosytems and institutions, eds. L. H. Gunderson, C. S. Holling, and S. S. Light, 391–427. New York: Columbia University Press.
    • (1995) Barriers and Bridges to the Renewal of Ecosytems and Institutions , pp. 391-427
    • Westley, F.1
  • 87
    • 0030782926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using integrated coastal management and economics to conserve coastal tourism resources in Sri Lanka
    • White, A. T., V. Barker, and G. Tantrigama. 1997. Using integrated coastal management and economics to conserve coastal tourism resources in Sri Lanka. Ambio 26:335–344.
    • (1997) Ambio , vol.26 , pp. 335-344
    • White, A.T.1    Barker, V.2    Tantrigama, G.3
  • 88
    • 85023873732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the status and improving management of coral reef resources: Experiences and achievements in South Asia
    • 2005, eds. D. Souter and O. Linden, Kalmar, Sweden: CORDIO
    • Wilhelmsson, D., J. K. P. Edward, A. Rajasuriya, J. Tamelander, and N. Perera. 2005. Assessing the status and improving management of coral reef resources: Experiences and achievements in South Asia. In Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean: Status report 2005, eds. D. Souter and O. Linden, 66–82. Kalmar, Sweden: CORDIO.
    • (2005) Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean: Status Report , pp. 66-82
    • Wilhelmsson, D.1    Edward, J.K.P.2    Rajasuriya, A.3    Tamelander, J.4    Perera, N.5
  • 90
    • 0003545437 scopus 로고
    • Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future, Brundtland Report. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (1987) Our Common Future, Brundtland Report
  • 91
    • 85023875482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berulawa, Sri Lanka: World Tourism Organization and Sri Lanka Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation
    • World Tourism Organization, Consulting and Audit Canada, and Centre for a Sustainable Future. 2000.Workshop on indicators for the sustainable development of tourism. Berulawa, Sri Lanka: World Tourism Organization and Sri Lanka Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation.
    • (2000) Workshop on Indicators for the Sustainable Development of Tourism


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.