The early origin of melanocortin receptors, agouti-related peptide, agouti signalling peptide, and melanocortin receptor-accessory proteins, with emphasis on pufferfishes, elephant shark, lampreys, and amphioxus

European Journal of Pharmacology

Volumn 660, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 61-69

  Västermark, Åke ^a   Schiöth, Helgi B ^a  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

(Elephant shark); (Sea lamprey); AgRP; ASIP; Melanocortin receptor; MRAP

Indexed keywords

AGOUTI PROTEIN; AGOUTI RELATED PROTEIN; MELANOCORTIN 1 RECEPTOR ACCESSORY PROTEIN; MELANOCORTIN 2 RECEPTOR; MELANOCORTIN 2 RECEPTOR ACCESSORY PROTEIN; MELANOCORTIN 3 RECEPTOR; MELANOCORTIN 4 RECEPTOR; MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BRANCHIOSTOMA; ELEPHANT SHARK; GENE CLUSTER; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMAN VERSUS ANIMAL COMPARISON; LAMPREY; MOLECULAR CLONING; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MRAP1 GENE; MRAP2 GENE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PETROMYZON; PLESIOMORPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN MOTIF; PUFFER FISH; RECEPTOR GENE; REVIEW; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; SHARK; SPECIES COMPARISON; TETRAODONTIFORMES; ZEBRA FISH;

AGOUTI SIGNALING PROTEIN; AGOUTI-RELATED PROTEIN; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; FUR SEALS; HUMANS; LAMPREYS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PEPTIDE FRAGMENTS; RECEPTORS, MELANOCORTIN; TETRAODONTIFORMES;

EID: 79955099617     PISSN: 00142999     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.106     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Agulleiro, M.J., Roy, S., Sanchez, E., Puchol, S., Gallo-Payet, N., Cerda-Reverter, J.M., 2010. Role of melanocortin receptor accessory proteins in the function of zebrafish melanocortin receptor type 2. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 320, 145-152.
2. Aluru, N., Vijayan, M.M., 2008. Molecular characterization, tissue-specific expression, and regulation of melanocortin 2 receptor in rainbow trout. Endocrinology 149, 4577-4588.
3. Baron, A., Veo, K., Angleson, J., Dores, R.M., 2009. Modeling the evolution of the MC2R and MC5R genes: studies on the cartilaginous fish, Heterondotus francisci. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 161, 13-19.
4. Boswell, T., Takeuchi, S., 2005. Recent developments in our understanding of the avian melanocortin system: its involvement in the regulation of pigmentation and energy homeostasis. Peptides 26, 1733-1743. (Pubitemid 41354531)
5. Burge, C., Karlin, S., 1997. Prediction of complete gene structures in human genomic DNA. J. Mol. Biol. 268, 78-94.
6. Cerda-Reverter, J.M., Ringholm, A., Schioth, H.B., Peter, R.E., 2003. Molecular cloning, pharmacological characterization, and brain mapping of the melanocortin 4 receptor in the goldfish: involvement in the control of food intake. Endocrinology 144, 2336-2349. (Pubitemid 36629885)
7. Dibb, N.J., 1991. Proto-splice site model of intron origin. J. Theor. Biol. 151 (3), 405-416.
8. Dibb, N.J., 1993. Why do genes have introns? FEBS Lett 325 (1-2), 135-139.
9. Dibb, N.J., Newman, A.J., 1989. Evidence that introns arose at proto-splice sites. EMBO J. 8 (7), 2015-2021. (Pubitemid 19273529)
10. Fredriksson, R., Lagerstrom, M.C., Lundin, L.G., Schioth, H.B., 2003. The G-protein-coupled receptors in the human genome form five main families. Phylogenetic analysis, paralogon groups, and fingerprints. Mol. Pharmacol. 63, 1256-1272.
11. Fridmanis, D., Fredriksson, R., Kapa, I., Schioth, H.B., Klovins, J., 2007. Formation of new genes explains lower intron density in mammalian Rhodopsin G protein-coupled receptors. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 43, 864-880.
12. Haitina, T., Klovins, J., Andersson, J., Fredriksson, R., Lagerstrom, M.C., Larhammar, D., Larson, E.T., Schioth, H.B., 2004. Cloning, tissue distribution, pharmacology and three-dimensional modelling of melanocortin receptors 4 and 5 in rainbow trout suggest close evolutionary relationship of these subtypes. Biochem. J. 380, 475-486. (Pubitemid 38788120)
13. Haitina, T., Klovins, J., Takahashi, A., Lowgren, M., Ringholm, A., Enberg, J., Kawauchi, H., Larson, E.T., Fredriksson, R., Schioth, H.B., 2007a. Functional characterization of two melanocortin (MC) receptors in lamprey showing orthology to the MC1 and MC4 receptor subtypes. BMC Evol. Biol. 7, 101.
14. Haitina, T., Takahashi, A., Holmen, L., Enberg, J., Schioth, H.B., 2007b. Further evidence for ancient role of ACTH peptides at melanocortin (MC) receptors; pharmacology of dogfish and lamprey peptides at dogfish MC receptors. Peptides 28, 798-805. (Pubitemid 46349338)
15. Hay, D.L., Poyner, D.R., Sexton, P.M., 2006. GPCR modulation by RAMPs. Pharmacol. Ther. 109, 173-197.
16. Jackson, P.J., Douglas, N.R., Chai, B., Binkley, J., Sidow, A., Barsh, G.S., Millhauser, G.L., 2006. Structural and molecular evolutionary analysis of Agouti and Agouti-related proteins. Chem. Biol. 13, 1297-1305.
17. Kaelin, C.B., Cooper, G.M., Sidow, A., Barsh, G.S., 2007. Mammalian comparative sequence analysis of the Agrp locus. PLoS ONE 2, e702.
18. Katoh, K., Asimenos, G., Toh, H., 2009. Multiple alignment of DNA sequences with MAFFT. Meth. Mol. Biol. 537, 39-64.
19. Klovins, J., Schioth, H.B., 2005. Agouti-related proteins (AGRPs) and agouti-signaling peptide (ASIP) in fish and chicken. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1040, 363-367.
20. Klovins, J., Haitina, T., Fridmanis, D., Kilianova, Z., Kapa, I., Fredriksson, R., Gallo-Payet, N., Schioth, H.B., 2004a. The melanocortin system in Fugu: determination of POMC/AGRP/MCR gene repertoire and synteny, as well as pharmacology and anatomical distribution of the MCRs. Mol. Biol. Evol. 21, 563-579.
21. Klovins, J., Haitina, T., Ringholm, A., Lowgren, M., Fridmanis, D., Slaidina, M., Stier, S., Schioth, H.B., 2004b. Cloning of two melanocortin (MC) receptors in spiny dogfish: MC3 receptor in cartilaginous fish shows high affinity to ACTH-derived peptides while it has lower preference to gamma-MSH. Eur. J. Biochem. 271, 4320-4331.
22. Kobayashi, Y., Tsuchiya, K., Yamanome, T., Schioth, H.B., Kawauchi, H., Takahashi, A., 2008. Food deprivation increases the expression of melanocortin-4 receptor in the liver of barfin flounder, Verasper moseri. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 155, 280-287.
23. Kobayashi, Y., Tsuchiya, K., Yamanome, T., Schioth, H.B., Takahashi, A., 2010. Differential expressions of melanocortin receptor subtypes in melanophores and xanthophores of barfin flounder. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 168, 133-142.
24. Kurokawa, T., Murashita, K., Uji, S., 2006. Characterization and tissue distribution of multiple agouti-family genes in pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes. Peptides 27, 3165-3175. (Pubitemid 44738202)
25. Lagerstrom, M.C., Klovins, J., Fredriksson, R., Fridmanis, D., Haitina, T., Ling, M.K., Berglund, M.M., Schioth, H.B., 2003. High affinity agonistic metal ion binding sites within the melanocortin 4 receptor illustrate conformational change of transmembrane region 3. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 51521-51526.
26. Logan, D.W., Bryson-Richardson, R.J., Pagan, K.E., Taylor, M.S., Currie, P.D., Jackson, I.J., 2003. The structure and evolution of the melanocortin and MCH receptors in fish and mammals. Genomics 81, 184-191. (Pubitemid 36298610)
27. Metz, J.R., Geven, E.J., van den Burg, E.H., Flik, G., 2005. ACTH, alpha-MSH, and control of cortisol release: cloning, sequencing, and functional expression of the melanocortin-2 and melanocortin-5 receptor in Cyprinus carpio. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 289, R814-R826.
28. Metz, J.R., Peters, J.J., Flik, G., 2006. Molecular biology and physiology of the melanocortin system in fish: a review. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 148, 150-162.
29. Nordstrom, K.J., Fredriksson, R., Schioth, H.B., 2008. The amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae) genome contains a highly diversified set of G protein-coupled receptors. BMC Evol. Biol. 8, 9.
30. Ringholm, A., Fredriksson, R., Poliakova, N., Yan, Y.L., Postlethwait, J.H., Larhammar, D., Schioth, H.B., 2002. One melanocortin 4 and two melanocortin 5 receptors from zebrafish show remarkable conservation in structure and pharmacology. J. Neurochem. 82, 6-18. (Pubitemid 34755244)
31. Ringholm, A., Klovins, J., Fredriksson, R., Poliakova, N., Larson, E.T., Kukkonen, J.P., Larhammar, D., Schioth, H.B., 2003. Presence of melanocortin (MC4) receptor in spiny dogfish suggests an ancient vertebrate origin of central melanocortin system. Eur. J. Biochem. 270, 213-221.
32. Sanchez, E., Rubio, V.C., Cerda-Reverter, J.M., 2009a. Characterization of the sea bass melanocortin 5 receptor: a putative role in hepatic lipid metabolism. J. Exp. Biol. 212, 3901-3910.
33. Sanchez, E., Rubio, V.C., Thompson, D., Metz, J., Flik, G., Millhauser, G.L., Cerda-Reverter, J.M., 2009b. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor-dependent inverse agonism of agouti-related protein on melanocortin 4 receptor in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 296, R1293-R1306.
34. Sanchez, E., Rubio, V.C., Cerda-Reverter, J.M., 2010. Molecular and pharmacological characterization of the melanocortin type 1 receptor in the sea bass. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 165, 163-169.
35. Schioth, H.B., Haitina, T., Fridmanis, D., Klovins, J., 2005a. Unusual genomic structure: melanocortin receptors in Fugu. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1040, 460-463.
36. Schioth, H.B., Haitina, T., Ling, M.K., Ringholm, A., Fredriksson, R., Cerda-Reverter, J.M., Klovins, J., 2005b. Evolutionary conservation of the structural, pharmacological, and genomic characteristics of the melanocortin receptor subtypes. Peptides 26, 1886-1900. (Pubitemid 41354547)
37. Selz, Y., Braasch, I., Hoffmann, C., Schmidt, C., Schultheis, C., Schartl, M., Volff, J.N., 2007. Evolution of melanocortin receptors in teleost fish: the melanocortin type 1 receptor. Gene 401, 114-122. (Pubitemid 47385839)
38. Song, Y., Cone, R.D., 2007. Creation of a genetic model of obesity in a teleost. FASEB J. 21, 2042-2049. (Pubitemid 47026440)
39. Stamatakis, A., Ludwig, T., Meier, H., 2005. RAxML-III: a fast program for maximum likelihood-based inference of large phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 21, 456-463. (Pubitemid 40310232)
40. Takahashi, A., Kawauchi, H., 2006. Evolution of melanocortin systems in fish. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 148, 85-94.
41. Takahashi, A., Amemiya, Y., Sarashi, M., Sower, S.A., Kawauchi, H., 1995. Melanotropin and corticotropin are encoded on two distinct genes in the lamprey, the earliest evolved extant vertebrate. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 213, 490-498.
42. Takeuchi, S., Teshigawara, K., Takahashi, S., 2000. Widespread expression of Agouti-related protein (AGRP) in the chicken: a possible involvement of AGRP in regulating peripheral melanocortin systems in the chicken. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1496, 261-269.
43. van der Salm, A.L., Metz, J.R., Bonga, S.E., Flik, G., 2005. Alpha-MSH, the melanocortin-1 receptor and background adaptation in the Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 144, 140-149.
44. Vastermark, A., Shigemoto, Y., Abe, T., Sugawara, H., 2004. Splicing profile based protein categorization between human and mouse genomes by use of the DDBJ Web services. Genome Inform. 15, 13-20.
45. Venkatesh, B., Kirkness, E.F., Loh, Y.H., Halpern, A.L., Lee, A.P., Johnson, J., Dandona, N., Viswanathan, L.D., Tay, A., Venter, J.C., Strausberg, R.L., Brenner, S., 2007. Survey sequencing and comparative analysis of the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii) genome. PLoS Biol. 5, e101.
46. Webb, T.R., Chan, L., Cooray, S.N., Cheetham, M.E., Chapple, J.P., Clark, A.J., 2009. Distinct melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein domains are required for melanocortin 2 receptor interaction and promotion of receptor trafficking. Endocrinology 150, 720-726.