Some considerations about the hypercoagulable states and their treatments

Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 155-159

  Cacciapuoti, Federico ^a  

^a SECOND UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES   (Italy)

Author keywords

'red' clots; 'white' clots; aspirin; coagulant cascade; dabigatran; hypercoagulability; platelets' adhesion or aggregation; thrombophilia; warfarin heparin

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID PLUS CLOPIDOGREL; ARGATROBAN; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 5; CLOPIDOGREL; DABIGATRAN; FIBRIN; HEPARIN; HEPARINOID; HIRUDIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; THIENOPYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; WARFARIN;

ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; ERYTHROCYTE; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEMOSTASIS; HUMAN; HYPERCOAGULABILITY; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; LOW DRUG DOSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN C DEFICIENCY; PROTEIN S DEFICIENCY; REVIEW; THROMBOCYTE; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION; THROMBOPHILIA; VEIN THROMBOSIS;

ANTICOAGULANTS; ASPIRIN; HEPARIN; HUMANS; PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS; THROMBOPHILIA; WARFARIN;

EID: 79955071514     PISSN: 09575235     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MBC.0b013e3283436401     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. World Health Organization. Inherited thrombophilia: report of a joint WHO International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (JSTH) Meeting. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1995. pp. 6-8.
2. Green D. Thrombophilia and stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil 2003; 10:21-33. (Pubitemid 37448976)
3. Rosendaal FR. Venous thrombosis: a multicausal disease. Lancet 1999; 353:1167-1174.
4. Levine JS, Branch DW, Rauch J. The antiphospholipid syndrome. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:752-763. (Pubitemid 34983997)
5. Greaves M. Antiphospholipid antibodies and thrombosis. Lancet 1999; 353:1348-1353. (Pubitemid 29178795)
6. Koster T, Rosendaal FR, de Ponde H, Briet E, Vandenbroucke JP, Bertina RM. Venous thrombosis due to poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C: Leiden Thrombophilia Study. Lancet 1993; 342:1503-1506. (Pubitemid 23362165)
7. Poort SR, Rosendaal FR, Reitsma PH, Bertina RM. A common genetic variation in the 30-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis. Blood 1996; 88:3698-3673.
8. Foster DC, Yoshitake S, Davie EVV. The nucleotide sequence of the gene for human protein C. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1985; 82:4673-4677. (Pubitemid 16239625)
9. Schmidel DK, Tatro AV, Phelps LG, Tomczak JA, Long GL. Organization of the human protein S genes. Biochemistry 1990; 29:7845-7852. (Pubitemid 20281231)
10. Ambruso DR, Leonard BD, Bies RD, Jacobson L, Hathway WE, Reeve EB. Antithrombin III deficiency: decreased synthesis of a biochemically normal molecule. Blood 1982; 60:78-83. (Pubitemid 12085923)
11. Kraaijenhagen RA, in't Anker PS, Koopman MM, Reitsma PH, Prins MH, van der Ende A, Buller HR. High plasma concentration of factor VIIIc is a major risk factor for venous thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 2000; 83:5-9. (Pubitemid 30045467)
12. Welch GN, Loscalzo J. Homocysteine and atherotrombosis. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:1042-1050.
13. Selhub J, Jaques PFR, Poort SR, Rosendaal FR, Reitsma PH, Bertina RM. Serum total homocysteine concentrations in third national health and nutrition examination survey (1991-1994): population reference ranger and contribution of vitamin status to high concentrations. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131:331-339. (Pubitemid 29424626)
14. Soriente L, Coppola A, Madonna P. Homozygous C6777T mutation of the 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and hyperhomocysteinemia in Italian patients with a history of early-onset ischemic stroke. Stroke 1998; 29:869-871. (Pubitemid 28173419)
15. Selhub J, Jaques PF, Mousavi SA, Ghasemi M, Hoseini T. Association between plasma homocysteine concentrations and extracranial carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 1995; 332:286-289.
16. D'Angelo A, Selhub J. Homocysteine and thrombotic disease. Blood 1997; 90:1-11. (Pubitemid 27276540)
17. den Heijer M, Kostor T, Blom HJ, Bos GMJ, Brië t E, Reitsma PH, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:759-762. (Pubitemid 26089357)
18. Seshadri S, Beister A, Selhub J, Seshadri S, Beiser A, Selhub J, et al. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:476-483. (Pubitemid 34441738)
19. Ridker PM, Henneckens CH, Selhub J, Miletich JP, Stampfer MJ. Interrelation of hyperhomocysteinemia, factor V Leiden, and risk of future venous thromboembolism. Circulation 1997; 95:1777-1782. (Pubitemid 27164393)
20. Reis RP, Azinheira J, Reis HP, Pina JE, Corriera JM, Luis AS. Influence of smoking on homocysteinemia at baseline and after methionine load. Rev Port Cardiol 2000; 19:471-474.
21. Ubnik JB, Vernaak WJH, van der Merwe A, Becker PJ. Vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and folate nutritional status in men with hyperhomocysteinemia. Am J Nutr 1993; 57:47-53. (Pubitemid 23019020)
22. Allaart CF, Briet E. Familial venous thrombophilia. In: Bloom AL, Forbes CD, Thomas DP, Tuddenham EGD, editors. Haemostasis and thrombosis. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1994. p. 1349.
23. De Moeloose P, Boechlen F. Inherited thrombophilia in arterial disease: a relative review. Semin Hematol 2007; 44:106-113.
24. Rosove MH, Brewer PMC. Antiphospholipid thrombosis: clinical course after the first thrombotic event in 70 patients. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117:303-308.
25. Rich MW. Sneddon syndrome and dementia. Mayo Clin Proc 1999; 74:1306.
26. Out HJ, Bruinse HW, Christiaens GC, van Vliet M, de Groot PG, Nieuwenhuis HK, Derksen RH. A prospective, controlled multicenter study on the obstetric risks of the pregnant women with antiphospholipid antibodies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167:26-32.
27. Mc Cully KS. Vascular pathology of homocysteinemia: implications for the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. Am J Pathos 1969; 56:111-128.
28. Stuhlinger MC, Tsao PS, Her JH, Kimono M, Balint RF, Cooke JP. Homocysteine impairs the nitric oxide synthase pathway: a role of asymmetric dimethylarginine. Circulation 2001; 104:2569-2575. (Pubitemid 33104795)
29. Hassan A, Hunt BJ, O'Sullivan M, Bell R, D'Soouza R, Jeffery S, et al. Homocysteine is a risk factor for small vessel disease, acting via endothelial dysfunction. Brain 2004; 127:212-219. (Pubitemid 38055360)
30. Shen L, Dahlback B. Factor V and protein S as synergic cofactors to activated protein C in degradation of factor VIIIa. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:18735-18738. (Pubitemid 24226180)
31. Koeleman BP, Reitsma PH, Bertina RM. Familial thrombophilia: a complex genetic disorder. Semin Hematol 1997; 34:256-364.
32. Page C, Lee BS, Rubin E, Gusberg RJ, Dardik A. Arterial thrombosis associated with heterozygous factor V Leiden disorder, hyperhomocysteinemia, and peripheral arterial disease: importance of synergistic factors. J Vasc Surg 2005; 42:1014-1018. (Pubitemid 41571975)
33. Ventura P, Corbelli M, Marietta M, Panini R, Rosa MC, Salvioli G. Hyperhomocysteinemia and other newly recognized inherited coagulation disorders (factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutation) in patients with idiopathic cerebral vein thrombosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004; 17:153-159. (Pubitemid 38529191)
34. Fields MC, Levine SR. Thrombophilias and stroke: diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2005; 20:113-126. (Pubitemid 41554444)
35. Bonaa KH, Njolsad I, Ueland PM, Schirmer H, Tverdal A, Steigen T, et al., for the NORVIT Trial Investigators. Homocysteine lowering and cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1578-1588.
36. Lonn E, Yusuf S, Arnold MJ, Sheridan P, Pogue J, Micks M, et al., Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) 2 Investigators.. Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1567-1577.
37. Chan MY, Becker RC. Identification and treatment of arterial thrombophilia. Curr Treat Opin Cardiovasc Med 2008; 10:3-11. (Pubitemid 351247767)
38. Becker RC, Fintel DJ, Green D. Antithrombotic therapy. West Islip, NY: Professional Communications; 2006. pp. 199-218.
39. Sanchez CJ. Venous and arterial thrombosis: a continuous spectrum of the same disease? Eur Heart J 2005; 26:3-4.
40. Van Ryn J, Stangier J, Liesenfeld K-HG, Haetter S, Wienen W, Feuring M, Clemens A. Dabigatran etexilate - a novel, reversible, oral direct thrombin inhibitor: interpretation of coagulation assays and reversal of anticoagulant activity. Thromb Haemost 2010; 103:1116-1127.
41. Undas A, Brummel-Ziedins E, Mann KG. Statins and blood coagulation. Arterioscl Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:287-294. (Pubitemid 40189147)