Insect species composition and diversity on intensive green roofs and adjacent level-ground habitats

Urban Ecosystems

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 225-241

  MacIvor, J Scott ^a   Lundholm, Jeremy ^a  

^a SAINT MARY S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Green roofs; Habitat quality; Insects; Urban biodiversity

Indexed keywords

ARTHROPODA; HETEROPTERA; HEXAPODA;

EID: 79955065574     PISSN: 10838155     EISSN: 15731642     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11252-010-0149-0     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Angold PG, Sadler JP, Hill MO, Pullin A, Rushton S, Austin K, Small E, Wood B, Wadsworth R, Sanderson R, Thompson K (2006) Biodiversity in urban habitat patches. Sci Total Environ 360: 196-204. doi: 10. 1016/j. scitotenv. 2005. 08. 035.
2. Baumann N (2006) Ground-nesting birds on green roofs in Switzerland: preliminary observations. Urban Habitats 4: 37-50.
3. Brenneisen S (2006) Space for urban wildlife: designing green roofs as habitats in Switzerland. Urban Habitats 4: 27-36.
4. Clark MR, MacArthur S (2007) Green roof soil arthropod functional diversity, does it exist? In: Proc. of 5th North American Green Roof Conference: greening rooftops for sustainable communities, Minneapolis, MN. The Cardinal Group, Toronto.
5. th North American Green Roof Conference: greening rooftops for sustainable communities, Minneapolis, MN. The Cardinal Group, Toronto.
6. Coffman RR, Davis G (2005) Insect and avian fauna presence on the Ford assembly plant ecoroof. In: Proc. of 3rd North American Green Roof Conference: Greening rooftops for sustainable communities, Washington, DC. The Cardinal Group, Toronto.
7. Colla SR, Willis E, Packer L (2009) Can green roofs provide habitat for urban bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)? CATE 2: 1-12.
8. Davis BNK (1978) Urbanisation and the diversity of insects. In: Mounds LA, Waloff N (eds) Diversity of insect faunas. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, pp 126-138.
9. Di Giulio M, Edwards PJ, Meister E (2001) Enhancing insect diversity in agriculture grasslands: the roles of management and landscape structure. J Appl Ecol 38: 310-319.
10. Duelli P, Obrist MK, Schmatz DR (1999) Biodiversity evaluation in agricultural landscapes: above-ground insects. Agric Ecosyst Environ 74: 33-64.
11. Dunnett N, Kingsbury N (2010) Planting green roofs and living walls, 2nd edn. Timber Press, Portland.
12. Ehrlich PR, Murphy DD (1987) Conservation lessons from long-term studies of checkerspot butterflies. Conserv Biol 1: 122-131.
13. Eyre M, Luff M (1990) A preliminary classification of European grassland habitats using carabid beetles. In: Stork N (ed) Ground beetle: their role in ecological and environmental studies. Intercept Publications, Andover, pp 227-236.
14. Fogarty C (2009) Halifax monthly climate averages. Nova Weather. Accessed 19 February 2010 (available at: http://novaweather. net/).
15. Foley JA, DeFries R, Asner GP, Barford C, Bonan G, Carpenter SR, Chapin FS, Coe MT, Daily GC, Gibbs HK, Helkowski JH, Holloway T, Howard EA, Kucharik CJ, Monfreda C, Patz JA, Prentice IC, Ramankutty N, Snyder PK (2005) Global consequences of land use. Science 309: 570-574.
16. Fuller RA, Irvine KN, Devine-Wright P, Warren PH, Gaston KJ (2007) Psychological benefits of greenspace increase with biodiversity. Biol Lett 3: 390-394.
17. Goddard MA, Dougill AJ, Benton TG (2010) Scaling up from gardens: biodiversity conservation in urban environments. Trends Ecol Evol 25: 90-98.
18. Green Roofs for Healthy Cities (2009) 2008 green roof industry survey results. Green roofs for healthy cities. http://www. greenroofs. org/resources/GRHC_Industry_Survey_Report_2008. pdf. Accessed 25 March 2010.
19. Hall CT (2007) A garden in the sky: San Francisco museum's roof puts green building techniques to the test. San Francisco Chronicle. http://www. sfgate. com/cgi-bin/article. cgi?f=/c/a/2007/05/12/MNGGTPPKM01. DTL& hw=renzo& sn=001& sc=1000. Accessed 25 March 2010.
20. Hanski I, Singer MC (2001) Extinction-colonization dynamics and host-plant choice in butterfly metapopulations. Am Nat 158: 341-353.
21. Hauth E, Liptan T (2003) Plant survival findings in the Pacific Northwest. In: Proc. of 1st North American Green Roof Conference: greening rooftops for sustainable communities, Chicago, IL. The Cardinal Group, Toronto.
22. Heliovaara K, Vaisanen R (1993) Insects and pollution. CRC, Florida.
23. Hruska K (2006) Notes on the evolution and organization of the urban ecosystem. Urban Ecosyst 9: 291-298.
24. Hunter MD (2002) Landscape structure, habitat fragmentation, and the ecology of insects. Agric For Entomol 4: 159-166.
25. Hunter PR, Gaston MA (1988) Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: an application of Simpson's index of diversity. J Clin Microbiol 26: 2465-2466.
26. Jaccard P (1908) Nouvelles recherches sur la distribution florale. Bull Soc Vaud Sci Nat 44: 223-270.
27. Jones RA (2002) Tecticolous invertebrates; a preliminary investigation of the invertebrate fauna on ecoroofs in urban London. English Nature, London.
28. Kadas G (2006) Rare invertebrates colonizing green roofs in London. Urban Habitats 4: 66-86.
29. Kim KG (2004) The application of the biosphere reserve concept to urban areas: the case for green rooftops for habitat network in Seoul. Ann NY Acad Sci 1023: 187-214.
30. Luff ML (1975) Some features influencing the efficiency of pitfall traps. Oecologia 19: 345-357.
31. Lundholm JT, Peck SW (2008) Introduction: frontiers of green roof ecology. Urban Ecosyst 11: 335-337.
32. Lundholm, JT, MacIvor JS, Ranalli MA (2009) Benefits of green roofs on Canada's east coast. In: Proc. 7th North American Green Roof Conference, Atlanta, GA. The Cardinal Group, Toronto.
33. Majka CG, MacIvor JS (2009a) The European lesser glow worm, Phosphaenus hemipterus (Goeze), in North America (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). ZooKeys 29: 35-47.
34. Majka CG, MacIvor JS (2009b) Otiorhynchus porcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): a European root weevil newly discovered in the Canadian Maritime Provinces. J Acad Entomol Soc 5: 27-31.
35. Majka CG, Johnson C, Langor DW (2010) Contributions towards an understanding of the Atomariinae (Coleoptera: Cryptophagidae) of Atlantic Canada. ZooKeys 35: 37-63.
36. Matteson KC, Langellotto GA (2010) Determinates of inner city butterfly and bee species richness. Urban Ecosyst. doi: 10. 1007/s11252-010-0122-y.
37. Miller JR (2005) Biodiversity conservation and the extinction of experience. Bioscience 52: 883-890.
38. Newton A, Peck SB (1975) Baited pitfall traps for beetles. Coleopt Bull 29: 45-46.
39. Niemelä J, Kotze J, Ashworth A, Brandmayr P, Desender K, New T, Penev L, Samways M, Spence J (2000) The search for common anthopogenic impacts of biodiversity: a global network. J Insect Conserv 4: 3-9.
40. Oberndorfer E, Lundholm J, Bass B, Coffman RR, Doshi H, Dunnett N, Gaffin S, Kohler M, Liu KKY, Rowe B (2007) Green roofs as urban ecosystems: ecological structures, functions, and services. Bioscience 57: 823-833.
41. Oliver I, Beattie AJ (1996) Invertebrate morphospecies as surrogates for species: a case study. Conserv Biol 10: 99-109.
42. Pauleit S, Duhme F (2000) Assessing the environmental performance of land cover types for urban planning. Landsc Urban Plan 52: 1-20.
43. Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML, Grove JM (2004) Resilient cities: meaning, models, and metaphor for integrating the ecological, socio-economic, and planning realms. Landsc Urban Plan 69: 369-384.
44. Pielou EC (1966) Shannon's formula as a measure of specific diversity: its use and misuse. Am Nat 100: 463-465.
45. Rainio J, Niemelä J (2003) Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Caracbidae) as bioindicators. Biodivers Conserv 12: 487-506.
46. Ranalli M, Harris A, Lundholm J (2008) Evaluating green roof performance in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. In: Proc. of 6th North American Green Roof Conference: Greening rooftops for sustainable communities, Baltimore, MD. The Cardinal Group, Toronto.
47. Robinson WH (2005) Urban insects and arachnids: a handbook of urban entomology. Cambridge University Press, London.
48. Rosenzweig ML (2003) Win-win ecology. Oxford University Press, New York.
49. Schrader S, Boening M (2006) Soil formation on green roofs and its contribution to urban biodiversity with emphasis on Collembolans. Pedobiologia 50: 347-356.
50. Smith B, Wilson JB (1996) A consumer's guide to evenness indices. Oikos 76: 70-82.
51. Smith RM, Thompson K, Hodgson JG, Warren PH, Gaston KJ (2005) Urban domestic gardens (IX): composition and richness of the vascular plant flora, and implications for native biodiversity. Biol Conserv 129: 312-322.
52. Southwood TRE (1978) Ecological methods, with particular reference to the study of insect populations. Chapman and Hall, London.
53. Thiele HU (1977) Carabid beetles in their environments: a study on habitat selection by adaptations in physiology and behaviour. Springer-Verlag, New York.
54. Ward DF, New TR, Yen AL (2001) Effects of pitfall trap spacing on the abundance, richness and composition of invertebrate catches. J Insect Conserv 5: 47-53.