Characteristics of plasma flows at the inner edge of the plasma sheet

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 116, Issue 4, 2011, Pages

  McPherron, R L ^a   Hsu, T S ^a   Kissinger, J ^a   Chu, X ^a   Angelopoulos, V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79955061555     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010JA015923     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Akasofu, S.-I. (1964), The development of the auroral substorm, Planet. Space Sci., 12(4), 273-282, doi:10.1016/0032-0633(64)90151-5.
2. Angelopoulos, V. (2008), The THEMIS Mission, Space Sci. Rev., 141(1-4), 5-34, doi:10.1007/s11214-008-9336-1.
3. Angelopoulos, V., W. Baumjohann, C. F. Kennel, F. V. Coroniti, M. G. Kivelson, R. Pellat, R. J. Walker, H. Lühr, and G. Paschmann (1992), Bursty bulk flows in the inner central plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 97(A4), 4027-4039, doi:10.1029/91JA02701.
4. Angelopoulos, V., C. Kennel, F. Coroniti, R. Pellat, M. Kivelson, R. Walker, C. Russell, W. Baumjohann, W. Feldman, and J. Gosling (1994), Statistical characteristics of bursty bulk flow events, J. Geophys. Res., 99(A11), 21,257-21,280, doi:10.1029/94JA01263.
5. Angelopoulos, V., et al. (1996), Multipoint analysis of a bursty bulk flow event on April 11, 1985, J. Geophys. Res., 101(A3), 4967-4989, doi:10.1029/95JA02722.
6. Ashour-Abdalla, M., M. El-Alaoui, F. V. Coroniti, R. J. Walker, and V. Peroomian (2002), A new convection state at substorm onset: Results from an MHD study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(20), 1965, doi:10.1029/ 2002GL015787.
7. Baker, D. N., T. I. Pulkkinen, V. Angelopoulos, W. Baumjohann, and R. L. McPherron (1996), Neutral line model of substorms: Past results and present view, J. Geophys. Res., 101(A6), 12,975-13,010, doi:10.1029/ 95JA03753.
8. Baumjohann, W. (1988), The plasma sheet boundary layer and magnetospheric substorms, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 40(2), 157-175.
9. Baumjohann, W. (1996), Near-Earth plasma sheet dynamics, Adv. Space Res., 18(8), 27-33, doi:10.1016/0273-1177(95)00993-0. (Pubitemid 126395901)
10. Baumjohann, W., G. Paschmann, N. Sckopke, C. Cattell, and C. Carlson (1988), Average ion moments in the plasma sheet boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 93(A10), 11,507-11,520, doi:10.1029/JA093iA10p11507.
11. Baumjohann, W., G. Paschmann, and C. Cattell (1989), Average plasma properties in the central plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 94(A6), 6597-6606, doi:10.1029/JA094iA06p06597.
12. Baumjohann, W., G. Paschmann, and H. Lühr (1990), Characteristics of high-speed ion flows in the plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 95(A4), 3801-3809, doi:10.1029/JA095iA04p03801.
13. Baumjohann, W., G. Paschmann, T. Nagai, and H. Lühr (1991), Superposed epoch analysis of the substorm plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 96(A7), 11,605-11,608, doi:10.1029/91JA00775.
14. Baumjohann, W., M. Hesse, S. Kokubun, T. Mukai, T. Nagai, and A. Petrukovich (1999), Substorm dipolarization and recovery, J. Geophys. Res., 104(A11), 24,995-25,000, doi:10.1029/1999JA900282.
15. Baumjohann, W., T. Nagai, A. Petrukovich, T. Mukai, T. Yamamoto, and S. Kokubun (2000), Substorm signatures between 10 and 30 Earth radii, Adv. Space Res., 25(7-8), 1663-1666, doi:10.1016/S0273-1177(99) 00681-X.
16. Baumjohann, W., R. Schodel, and R. Nakamura (2002), Bursts of fast magnetotail flux transport, Adv. Space Res., 30, 2241-2246, doi:10.1016/ S0273-1177(02)80234-4. (Pubitemid 36036488)
17. Birn, J., and M. Hesse (1991), The substorm current wedge and fieldaligned currents in MHD simulations of magnetotail reconnection, J. Geophys. Res., 96(A2), 1611-1618, doi:10.1029/90JA01762.
18. Birn, J., and M. Hesse (1996), Details of current disruption and diversion in simulations of magnetotail dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 101(A7), 15,345-15,358, doi:10.1029/96JA00887.
19. Birn, J., M. Hesse, G. Haerendel, W. Baumjohann, and K. Shiokawa (1999), Flow braking and the substorm current wedge, J. Geophys. Res., 104(A9), 19,895-19,903, doi:10.1029/1999JA900173.
20. Borovsky, J., and R. Nemzek (1994), Comment on "The Earth's magnetosphere under continued forcing: Substorm activity during the passage of an interplanetary cloud" by C. J. Farrugia, M. P. Freeman, L. F. Burlaga, R. P. Lepping, and K. Takahashi, J. Geophys. Res., 99(A8), 14,937- 14,940, doi:10.1029/94JA00363.
21. Borovsky, J. E., R. J. Nemzek, and R. D. Belian (1993), The occurrence rate of magnetospheric-substorm onsets: Random and periodic substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 98(A3), 3807-3813, doi:10.1029/92JA02556.
22. Borovsky, J. E., M. Thomsen, G. D. Reeves, M. W. Liemohn, J. Kozyra, C. R. Clauer, and H. J. Singer (2001), Global sawtooth oscillations of the magnetosphere during large storms, Eos Trans. AGU, 82(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract SM42D-08.
23. Caan, M., D. Fairfield, and E. H. Jr. (1979), Magnetic fields in flowing magnetotail plasmas and their significance for magnetic reconnection, J. Geophys. Res., 84(A5), 1971-1976, doi:10.1029/JA084iA05p01971.
24. Chapman, S. (1962), Earth storms: Retrospect and prospect, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 17(A-I), 6.
25. de la Beaujardiere, O., L. R. Lyons, J. M. Ruohomemi, E. Friss-Christensen, C. Danielsen, F. Rich, and P. Newell (1994), Quiet-time intensifications along the poleward auroral boundary near midnight, J. Geophys. Res., 99(A1), 287-298, doi:10.1029/93JA01947.
26. Frey, H. U., S. B. Mende, V. Angelopoulos, and E. F. Donovan (2004), Substorm onset observations by IMAGE-FUV, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A10304, doi:10.1029/2004JA010607.
27. Henderson, M. G., et al. (2006), Substorms during the 10-11 August 2000 sawtooth event, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A06206, doi:10.1029/ 2005JA011366.
28. Hesse, M., and J. Birn (1991), On dipolarization and its relation to the substorm current wedge, J. Geophys. Res., 96(A11), 19,417-19,426, doi:10.1029/91JA01953.
29. Hones, E. W., Jr. (1973), Plasma flow in the plasma sheet and its relation to substorms, Radio Sci., 8(11), 979-990, doi:10.1029/RS008i011p00979.
30. Hsu, T.-S., and R. L. McPherron (1998), The main onset of a magnetospheric substorm, in Substorms-4: International Conference on Substorms-4, Lake Hamana, Japan, March 9-13, 1998, Astrophys. Space Sci. Libr., vol. 238, edited by S. Kokubun and Y. Kamide, pp. 79-82, Kluwer Acad., Dordrecht, Netherlands.
31. Hsu, T.-S., and R. L. McPherron (2002), An evaluation of the statistical significance of the association between northward turnings of the interplanetary magnetic field and substorm expansion onsets, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A11), 1398, doi:10.1029/2000JA000125.
32. Hsu, T.-S., and R. L. McPherron (2003), Occurrence frequencies of IMF triggered and nontriggered substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A7), 1307, doi:10.1029/2002JA009442.
33. Hsu, T.-S., and R. L. McPherron (2007), A statistical study of the relation of Pi 2 and plasma flows in the tail, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A05209, doi:10.1029/2006JA011782.
34. Hubert, B., S. E. Milan, A. Grocott, C. Blockx, S. W. H. Cowley, and J.-C. Gérard (2006), Dayside and nightside reconnection rates inferred from IMAGE FUV and Super Dual Auroral Radar Network data, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A03217, doi:10.1029/2005JA011140.
35. Hubert, B., S. E. Milan, A. Grocott, S. W. H. Cowley, and J. C. Gérard (2008), Open magnetic flux and magnetic flux closure during sawtooth events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L23301, doi:10.1029/2008GL036374.
36. Hubert, B., C. Blockx, S. E. Milan, and S. W. H. Cowley (2009), Statistical properties of flux closure induced by solar wind dynamic pressure fronts, J. Geophys. Res., 114, A07211, doi:10.1029/2008JA013813.
37. Lui, A. T. Y. (1991), A synthesis of magnetospheric substorm models, J. Geophys. Res., 96(A2), 1849-1856, doi:10.1029/90JA02430.
38. Lui, A. T. Y. (1996), Current disruption in the Earth's magnetosphere: Observations and models, J. Geophys. Res., 101(A6), 13,067-13,088, doi:10.1029/96JA00079.
39. Lui, A. T. Y., R. E. Lopez, S. M. Krimigis, R. W. McEntire, L. J. Zanetti, and T. A. Potemra (1988), A case study of magnetotail current sheet disruption and diversion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15(7), 721-724, doi:10.1029/ GL015i007p00721.
40. Lui, A. T. Y., A. Mankofsky, C. L. Chang, K. Papadopoulos, and C. S. Wu (1990), A current disruption mechanism in the neutral sheet: A possible trigger for substorm expansions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17(6), 745-748, doi:10.1029/GL017i006p00745.
41. McPherron, R., C. Russell, and M. Aubry (1973), 9. Phenomenological model for substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 78(16), 3131-3149, doi:10.1029/ JA078i016p03131.
42. McPherron, R. L., J. M. Weygand, and H. Tung-Shin (2008), Response of the Earth's magnetosphere to changes in the solar wind, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 70(2-4), 303-315, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2007.08.040. (Pubitemid 351218224)
43. Milan, S. E., M. Lester, S. W. H. Cowley, K. Oksavik, M. Brittnacher, R. A. Greenwald, G. Sofko, and J. P. Villain (2003), Variations in the polar cap area during two substorm cycles, Ann. Geophys., 21(5), 1121-1140, doi:10.5194/angeo-21-1121-2003. (Pubitemid 36726845)
44. Milan, S. E., G. Provan, and B. Hubert (2007), Magnetic flux transport in the Dungey cycle: A survey of dayside and nightside reconnection rates, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A01209, doi:10.1029/2006JA011642.
45. Milan, S. E., P. D. Boakes, and B. Hubert (2008), Response of the expanding/ contracting polar cap to weak and strong solar wind driving: Implications for substorm onset, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A09215, doi:10.1029/ 2008JA013340.
46. Nakamura, R., et al. (2002), Motion of the dipolarization front during a flow burst event observed by Cluster, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(20), 1942, doi:10.1029/2002GL015763.
47. Nakamura, R., et al. (2005), Multi-point observation of the high-speed flows in the plasma sheet, Adv. Space Res., 36(8), 1444-1447, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.101. (Pubitemid 41635787)
48. Nishida, A., and N. Nagayama (1973), Synoptic survey for the neutral line in the magnetotail during the substorm expansion phase, J. Geophys. Res., 78(19), 3782-3798, doi:10.1029/JA078i019p03782.
49. Ohtani, S. (2004), Flow bursts in the plasma sheet and auroral substorm onset: Observational constraints on connection between midtail and near-Earth substorm processes, Space Sci. Rev., 113(1-2), 77-96, doi:10.1023/B:SPAC. 0000042940.59358.2f.
50. Ohtani, S., F. Creutzberg, T. Mukai, H. Singer, A. Lui, M. Nakamura, P. Prikryl, K. Yumoto, and G. Rostoker (1999), Substorm onset timing: The December 31, 1995, event, J. Geophys. Res., 104(A10), 22,713- 22,727, doi:10.1029/1999JA900209.
51. Ohtani, S., R. Yamaguchi, H. Kawano, F. Creutzberg, J. B. Sigwarth, L. A. Frank, and T. Mukai (2002a), Does the braking of the fast plasma flow trigger a substorm?: A study of the August 14, 1996, event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(15), 1721, doi:10.1029/2001GL013785.
52. Ohtani, S. I., R. Yamaguchi, M. Nose, H. Kawano, M. Engbretson, and K. Yumoto (2002b), Quiet time magnetotail dynamics and their implications for the substorm trigger, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A2), 1030,doi:10.1029/2001JA000116.
53. Ohtani, S., M. A. Shay, and T. Mukai (2004), Temporal structure of the fast convective flow in the plasma sheet: Comparison between observations and two-fluid simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A03210, doi:10.1029/ 2003JA010002.
54. Ohtani, S., H. J. Singer, and T. Mukai (2006), Effects of the fast plasma sheet flow on the geosynchronous magnetic configuration: Geotail and GOES coordinated study, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A01204, doi:10.1029/ 2005JA011383.
55. Ohtani, S., Y. Miyashita, H. Singer, and T. Mukai (2009), Tailward flows with positive Bz in the near-Earth plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 114, A06218, doi:10.1029/2009JA014159.
56. Prichard, D., J. Borovsky, P. Lemons, and C. Price (1996), Time dependence of substorm recurrence: An information-theoretic analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 101(A7), 15,359-15,369, doi:10.1029/95JA03419.
57. Pytte, T., R. L. McPherron, E. W. Hones Jr., and H. I. West Jr. (1978), Multiple-satellite studies of magnetospheric substorms: Distinction between polar magnetic substorms and convection-driven negative bays, J. Geophys. Res., 83(A2), 663-679, doi:10.1029/JA083iA02p00663.
58. Rostoker, G. (1968), Macrostructure of geomagnetic bays, J. Geophys. Res., 73(13), 4217-4229, doi:10.1029/JA073i013p04217.
59. Rostoker, G., and J. C. Samson (1981), Polarization characteristics of Pi 2 pulsations and implications for their source mechanisms: Location of source regions with respect to the auroral electrojects, Planet. Space Sci., 29(2), 225-247, doi:10.1016/0032-0633(81)90036-2.
60. Runov, A., V. Angelopoulos, M. I. Sitnov, V. A. Sergeev, J. Bonnell, J. P. McFadden, D. Larson, K.-H. Glassmeier, and U. Auster (2009), THEMIS observations of an earthward-propagating dipolarization front, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L14106, doi:10.1029/2009GL038980.
61. Sergeev, V. A., R. J. Pellinen, and T. I. Pulkkinen (1996), Steady magnetospheric convection: A review of recent results, Space Sci. Rev., 75(3-4), 551-604, doi:10.1007/BF00833344. (Pubitemid 126723412)
62. Sergeev, V., M. Shukhtina, R. Rasinkangas, A. Korth, G. Reeves, H. Singer, M. Thomsen, and L. Vagina (1998), Event study of deep energetic particle injections during substorm, J. Geophys. Res., 103(A5), 9217-9234, doi:10.1029/97JA03686. (Pubitemid 128665029)
63. Shiokawa, K., W. Baumjohann, and G. Haerendel (1997), Braking of highspeed flows in the near-Earth tail, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24(10), 1179-1182, doi:10.1029/97GL01062. (Pubitemid 127688717)
64. Shiokawa, K., W. Baumjohann, and G. Haerendel (1998a), Braking the high-speed flow and azimuthal pressure gradient as driving forces of substorm currents, in Substorms-4: International Conference on Substorms- 4, Lake Hamana, Japan, March 9-13, 1998, Astrophys. Space Sci. Libr., vol. 238, edited by S. Kokubun and Y. Kamide, pp. 355-360, Kluwer Acad., Dordrecht, Netherlands.
65. Shiokawa, K., et al. (1998b), High-speed ion flow, substorm current wedge, and multiple Pi 2 pulsations, J. Geophys. Res., 103(A3), 4491-4507, doi:10.1029/97JA01680. (Pubitemid 128665100)
66. Shiokawa, K., G. Haerendel, and W. Baumjohann (1998c), Azimuthal pressure gradient as driving force of substorm currents, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(7), 959-962, doi:10.1029/98GL00540. (Pubitemid 128497286)
67. Taguchi, S., J. Slavin, M. Kiyohara, M. Nose, G. Reeves, and R. Lepping (1998), Temporal relationship between midtail traveling compression regions and substorm onset: Evidence for near-Earth neutral line formation in the late growth phase, J. Geophys. Res., 103(A11), 26,607-26,612, doi:10.1029/98JA02617. (Pubitemid 128664948)
68. Voronkov, I. O., E. F. Donovan, and J. C. Samson (2003), Observations of the phases of the substorm, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A2), 1073, doi:10.1029/2002JA009314.
69. Walker, R. J., M. Ashour-Abdalla, M. E. Alaoui, and F. V. Coroniti (2006), Magnetospheric convection during prolonged intervals with southward interplanetary magnetic field, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A10219, doi:10.1029/2005JA011541.
70. Weimer, D. (1994), Substorm time constants, J. Geophys. Res., 99(A6), 11,005-11,015, doi:10.1029/93JA02721.
71. Wiens, R. G., and G. Rostoker (1975), Characteristics of the development of the westward electrojet during the expansive phase of magnetospheric substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 80(16), 2109-2128, doi:10.1029/ JA080i016p02109.
72. Wiltberger, M., T. Pulkkinen, J. Lyon, and C. Goodrich (2000), MHD simulation of the magnetotail during the December 10, 1996, substorm, J. Geophys. Res., 105(A12), 27,649-27,663, doi:10.1029/1999JA000251.
73. Zesta, E., L. Lyons, and E. Donovan (2000), The auroral signature of earthward flow bursts observed in the magnetotail, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(20), 3241-3244, doi:10.1029/2000GL000027. (Pubitemid 32043134)