메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 223-296

Theory and use of the em algorithm

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIRICHLET DISTRIBUTIONS; EM ALGORITHMS; EXPECTATION-MAXIMIZATION ALGORITHMS; GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODELS; OPTIMAL MIXTURES; PRACTICAL ISSUES; SUPERIMPOSED SIGNAL;

EID: 79955056761     PISSN: 19328346     EISSN: 19328354     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1561/2000000034     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (284)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 22044435106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A numerical evaluation of several stochastic algorithms on selected continuous global optimization test problems
    • DOI 10.1007/s10898-004-9972-2
    • M. M. Ali, C. Khompatraporn, and Z. B. Zabinsky, "A numerical evaluation of several stochastic algorithms on selected continuous global optimization test problems," Journal of Global Optimization, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 635-672, April 2005. (Pubitemid 40963404)
    • (2005) Journal of Global Optimization , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 635-672
    • Ali, M.M.1    Khompatraporn, C.2    Zabinsky, Z.B.3
  • 2
    • 0002759539 scopus 로고
    • Unsupervised learning of multiple motifs in biopolymers using expectation maximization
    • T. L. Bailey and C. Elkan, "Unsupervised learning of multiple motifs in biopolymers using expectation maximization," Machine Learning, vol. 21, pp. 51-80, 1995.
    • (1995) Machine Learning , vol.21 , pp. 51-80
    • Bailey, T.L.1    Elkan, C.2
  • 3
    • 23744473964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the optimality of conditional expectation as a Bregman predictor
    • DOI 10.1109/TIT.2005.850145
    • A. Banerjee, X. Guo, and H. Wang, "On the optimality of conditional expectation as a Bregman predictor," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 2664-2669, July 2005. (Pubitemid 41136414)
    • (2005) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory , vol.51 , Issue.7 , pp. 2664-2669
    • Banerjee, A.1    Guo, X.2    Wang, H.3
  • 4
    • 0000353178 scopus 로고
    • A maximization technique occurring in the statistical analysis of probabilistic functions of Markov chains
    • February
    • L. E. Baum, T. Petrie, G. Soules, and N. Weiss, "A maximization technique occurring in the statistical analysis of probabilistic functions of Markov chains," The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 164-171, February 1970.
    • (1970) The Annals of Mathematical Statistics , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 164-171
    • Baum, L.E.1    Petrie, T.2    Soules, G.3    Weiss, N.4
  • 7
    • 0017826298 scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic behaviour of classification maximum likelihood estimates
    • P. Bryant and J. A. Williamson, "Asymptotic behavior of classification maximum likelihood estimates," Biometrika, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 273-281, 1978. (Pubitemid 8379488)
    • (1978) Biometrika , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 273-281
    • Bryant, P.1    Williamson, J.A.2
  • 8
    • 0002241694 scopus 로고
    • The SEM algorithm: A probabilistic teacher algorithm derived from the em algorithm for the mixture problem
    • G. Celeux and J. Diebolt, "The SEM algorithm: a probabilistic teacher algorithm derived from the EM algorithm for the mixture problem," Computational Statistics Quaterly, vol. 2, pp. 73-82, 1985.
    • (1985) Computational Statistics Quaterly , vol.2 , pp. 73-82
    • Celeux, G.1    Diebolt, J.2
  • 9
    • 0001626339 scopus 로고
    • A classification em algorithm for clustering and two stochastic versions
    • G. Celeux and G. Govaert, "A classification EM algorithm for clustering and two stochastic versions," Computational Statistics Data Analysis, vol. 14, pp. 315-332, 1992.
    • (1992) Computational Statistics Data Analysis , vol.14 , pp. 315-332
    • Celeux, G.1    Govaert, G.2
  • 12
    • 0023997320 scopus 로고
    • PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF SUPERIMPOSED SIGNALS USING THE EM ALGORITHM.
    • DOI 10.1109/29.1552
    • M. Feder and E. Weinstein, "Parameter estimation of superimposed signals using the EM algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 477-489, April 1988. (Pubitemid 18638688)
    • (1988) IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 477-489
    • Feder Meir1    Weinstein Ehud2
  • 15
    • 55349120149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional Bregman divergence and Bayesian estimation of distributions
    • November
    • B. A. Frigyik, S. Srivastava, and M. R. Gupta, "Functional Bregman divergence and Bayesian estimation of distributions," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 5130-5139, November 2008.
    • (2008) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory , vol.54 , Issue.11 , pp. 5130-5139
    • Frigyik, B.A.1    Srivastava, S.2    Gupta, M.R.3
  • 16
    • 70349227947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of hidden Markov models in speech recognition
    • M. Gales and S. Young, "The application of hidden Markov models in speech recognition," Foundations and Trends in Signal Processing, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 195-304, 2008.
    • (2008) Foundations and Trends in Signal Processing , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 195-304
    • Gales, M.1    Young, S.2
  • 18
    • 84923996598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • A. Goldsmith, Wireless Communications. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
    • (2005) Wireless Communications
    • Goldsmith, A.1
  • 20
    • 0000996386 scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood estimation from incomplete data
    • June
    • H. O. Hartley, "Maximum likelihood estimation from incomplete data," Biometrics, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 174-194, June 1958.
    • (1958) Biometrics , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 174-194
    • Hartley, H.O.1
  • 22
    • 13844296408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive radio: Brain-empowered wireless communications
    • DOI 10.1109/JSAC.2004.839380
    • S. Haykin, "Cognitive radio: Brain-empowered wireless communications," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 201-220, February 2005. (Pubitemid 40245487)
    • (2005) IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 201-220
    • Haykin, S.1
  • 23
    • 34547285644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiresolutional estimated gradient architecture for global optimization
    • 1688689, 2006 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2006
    • M. Hazen and M. R. Gupta, "A multiresolutional estimated gradient architecture for global optimization," in Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, pp. 3013-3020, 2006. (Pubitemid 47130878)
    • (2006) 2006 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2006 , pp. 3013-3020
    • Hazen, M.1    Gupta, M.R.2
  • 25
    • 0024681039 scopus 로고
    • A generalized em algorithm for 3-D Bayesian reconstruction from Poisson data using Gibbs priors
    • June
    • T. Hebert and R. Leahy, "A generalized EM algorithm for 3-D Bayesian reconstruction from Poisson data using Gibbs priors," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 194-202, June 1989.
    • (1989) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 194-202
    • Hebert, T.1    Leahy, R.2
  • 26
    • 0029357266 scopus 로고
    • Expectation-maximization algorithms, null spaces, and MAP image restoration
    • August
    • T. J. Hebert and K. Lu, "Expectation-maximization algorithms, null spaces, and MAP image restoration," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 1084-1095, August 1995.
    • (1995) IEEE Transactions on Image Processing , vol.4 , Issue.8 , pp. 1084-1095
    • Hebert, T.J.1    Lu, K.2
  • 28
    • 0035577808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Taxonomy of Global Optimization Methods Based on Response Surfaces
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1012771025575
    • D. R. Jones, "A taxonomy of global optimization methods based on response surfaces," Journal ofGlobal Optimization, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 345-383, December 2001. (Pubitemid 33672374)
    • (2001) Journal of Global Optimization , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 345-383
    • Jones, D.R.1
  • 29
    • 0025587714 scopus 로고
    • Convergence of em image reconstruction algorithms with Gibbs smoothing
    • December
    • K. Lange, "Convergence of EM image reconstruction algorithms with Gibbs smoothing," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 439-446, December 1990.
    • (1990) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 439-446
    • Lange, K.1
  • 32
    • 0020102027 scopus 로고
    • Least squares quantization in PCM
    • First published in 1957 as a Bell Labs technical note
    • S. P. Lloyd, "Least squares quantization in PCM," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 129-137, First published in 1957 as a Bell Labs technical note, 1982.
    • (1982) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-137
    • Lloyd, S.P.1
  • 33
    • 0001050714 scopus 로고
    • An iterative technique for the rectification of observed distributions
    • June
    • L. B. Lucy, "An iterative technique for the rectification of observed distributions," Astronomical Journal, vol. 79, no. 6, pp. 745-754, June 1974.
    • (1974) Astronomical Journal , vol.79 , Issue.6 , pp. 745-754
    • Lucy, L.B.1
  • 39
    • 38149148314 scopus 로고
    • On the global and componentwise rates of convergence of the em algorithm
    • March
    • X.-L. Meng and D. B. Rubin, "On the global and componentwise rates of convergence of the EM algorithm," Linear Algebra and its Applications, vol. 199, pp. 413-425, March 1994.
    • (1994) Linear Algebra and Its Applications , vol.199 , pp. 413-425
    • Meng, X.-L.1    Rubin, D.B.2
  • 41
    • 0002788893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A view of the em algorithm that justifies incremental, sparse, and other variants
    • (M. I. Jordan, ed.), MIT Press, November
    • R. M. Neal and G. E. Hinton, "A view of the EM algorithm that justifies incremental, sparse, and other variants," in Learning in Graphical Models, (M. I. Jordan, ed.), MIT Press, November 1998.
    • (1998) Learning in Graphical Models
    • Neal, R.M.1    Hinton, G.E.2
  • 43
  • 44
    • 0001371071 scopus 로고
    • A generalized theory of the combination of observations so as to obtain the best result
    • August
    • S. Newcomb, "A generalized theory of the combination of observations so as to obtain the best result," American Journal of Mathematics, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 343-366, August 1886.
    • (1886) American Journal of Mathematics , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 343-366
    • Newcomb, S.1
  • 49
    • 0024610919 scopus 로고
    • A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition
    • February
    • L. R. Rabiner, "A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 257-286, February 1989.
    • (1989) Proceedings of the IEEE , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 257-286
    • Rabiner, L.R.1
  • 50
    • 0021404166 scopus 로고
    • Mixture densities, maximum likelihood and the em algorithm
    • April
    • R. A. Redner and H. F. Walker, "Mixture densities, maximum likelihood and the EM algorithm," SIAM Review, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 195-239, April 1984.
    • (1984) SIAM Review , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-239
    • Redner, R.A.1    Walker, H.F.2
  • 51
    • 0002594849 scopus 로고
    • Bayesian-based iterative method of image restoration
    • W. H. Richardson, "Bayesian-based iterative method of image restoration," Journal of Optical Society ofAmerica, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 55-59, 1972.
    • (1972) Journal of Optical Society of America , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-59
    • Richardson, W.H.1
  • 53
    • 77952150842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpublished (ftp://itp.cea.ir/pub/dsv/madic/publis/Roche-em.pdf)
    • A. Roche, "EM algorithm and variants: An informal tutorial," Unpublished (available online at ftp://itp.cea.ir/pub/dsv/madic/publis/Roche-em. pdf), 2003.
    • (2003) EM algorithm and variants: An informal tutorial
    • Roche, A.1
  • 54
    • 0141484919 scopus 로고
    • Maximum Likelihood estimation of Dirichlet distributions
    • G. Ronning, "Maximum Likelihood estimation of Dirichlet distributions," Journal ofStatistical Computation and Simulation, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 215-221, 1989.
    • (1989) Journal OfStatistical Computation and Simulation , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 215-221
    • Ronning, G.1
  • 56
    • 0242679438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finding the Number of Clusters in a Dataset: An Information-Theoretic Approach
    • DOI 10.1198/016214503000000666
    • C. A. Sugar and G. M. James, "Finding the number of clusters in a dataset: An information-theoretic approach," Journal ofthe American Statistical Association, vol. 98, no. 463, pp. 750-763, September 2003. (Pubitemid 37395947)
    • (2003) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.98 , Issue.463 , pp. 750-763
    • Sugar, C.A.1    James, G.M.2
  • 57
    • 84950758368 scopus 로고
    • The calculation of posterior distributions by data augmentation
    • June
    • M. A. Tanner and W. H. Wong, "The calculation of posterior distributions by data augmentation," Journal ofthe American Statistical Association, vol. 82, no. 398, pp. 528-540, June 1987.
    • (1987) Journal Ofthe American Statistical Association , vol.82 , Issue.398 , pp. 528-540
    • Tanner, M.A.1    Wong, W.H.2
  • 59
    • 33749376774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood estimation of compound-Gaussian clutter and target parameters
    • DOI 10.1109/TSP.2006.880209
    • J. Wang, A. Dogandzic, and A. Nehorai, "Maximum likelihood estimation of compound-Gaussian clutter and target parameters," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 3884-3898, October 2006. (Pubitemid 44500841)
    • (2006) IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing , vol.54 , Issue.10 , pp. 3884-3898
    • Wang, J.1    Dogandzic, A.2    Nehorai, A.3
  • 60
    • 84950432017 scopus 로고
    • A Monte Carlo implementation of the em algorithm and the poor man's data augmentation algorithms
    • September
    • G. C. G. Wei and M. A. Tanner, "A Monte Carlo implementation of the EM algorithm and the poor man's data augmentation algorithms," Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 85, no. 411, pp. 699-704, September 1990.
    • (1990) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.85 , Issue.411 , pp. 699-704
    • Wei, G.C.G.1    Tanner, M.A.2
  • 61
    • 45349099441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hidden Markov Models and the Baum-Welch Algorithm
    • December
    • L. R. Welch, "Hidden Markov Models and the Baum-Welch Algorithm," IEEE Information Theory Society Newsletter, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1-13, December 2003.
    • (2003) IEEE Information Theory Society Newsletter , vol.53 , Issue.4 , pp. 1-13
    • Welch, L.R.1
  • 62
    • 0002210265 scopus 로고
    • On the convergence properties of the em algorithm
    • March
    • C. F. J. Wu, "On the convergence properties of the EM algorithm," The Annals ofStatistics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 95-103, March 1983.
    • (1983) The Annals OfStatistics , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-103
    • Wu, C.F.J.1
  • 63
    • 2342533082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On Convergence Properties of the EM Algorithm for Gaussian Mixtures
    • L. Xu and M. I. Jordan, "On convergence properties of the EM algorithm for Gaussian mixtures," Neural Computation, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 129-151, January 1996. (Pubitemid 126449919)
    • (1996) Neural Computation , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 129-151
    • Xu, L.1    Jordan, M.I.2
  • 65
    • 0026938712 scopus 로고
    • The mean field theory in EM procedures for Markov random fields
    • DOI 10.1109/78.157297
    • J. Zhang, "The mean field theory in EM procedures for Markov random fields," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 2570-2583, October 1992. (Pubitemid 23555907)
    • (1992) IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing , vol.40 , Issue.10 , pp. 2570-2583
    • Zhang Jun1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.