Gender inequality in education: Political institutions or culture and religion?

European Journal of Political Economy

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 268-280

  Cooray, Arusha ^a,b   Potrafke, Niklas ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG   (Australia)

^b AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KONSTANZ   (Germany)

Author keywords

Democracy; Education; Gender discrimination; Religion

Indexed keywords

EID: 79954928390     PISSN: 01762680     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2010.08.004     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Acemoglu D., Johnson S., Robinson J., Yared P. From education to democracy. American Economic Association Papers and Proceedings 2005, 95:44-49.
2. Adams M. Colonial policies and women's participation in public life: the case of British Southern Cameroons. African Studies Quarterly 2006, 8:1-22.
3. Alesina A., Devleeschauwer A., Easterley W., Kurlat S., Wacziarg R. Fractionalization. Journal of Economic Growth 2003, 8:155-194.
4. Antonopoulos R., Cos-Montiel F. State, difference, and diversity: toward a path of expanded democracy and gender equality. Working Paper No 493 2007, The Levy Economics Institute, London.
5. Baliamoune-Lutz M., McGillivray M. Gender inequality and growth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan and Arab countries (downloaded February 2009). http://www.uneca.org/aec/documents/Mina%20Baliamoune-Lutz.pdf.
6. Barrett D., Kurian, Johnson T.M. World Christian Encyclopedia 2001, Oxford University Press, Oxford. 2nd Ed.
7. Barro R. Determinants of democracy. Journal of Political Economy 1999, 107:158-183.
8. Barro R., Lee J.-W. International comparisons of educational attainment. Journal of Monetary Economics 1993, 32:363-394.
9. Beaman L., Chattopadhhyay R., Duflo E., Pande R., Topalova P. Powerful women: does exposure reduce bias?. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2009, 124:1497-1540.
10. Becker S., Woessmann L. Luther and the girls: religious denomination and the female education gap in nineteenth-century Prussia. Scandinavia Journal of Economics 2008, 110:777-805.
11. Becker S., Woessmann L. Was Weber wrong? A human capital theory of Protestant economic history. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2009, 124:531-596.
12. Becker S., Woessmann L. The effect of Protestantism on education before industrialization: evidence from 1816 Prussia. Economics Letters 2010, 107:224-228.
13. Beer C. Democracy and gender equality. Studies in International Comparative Development 2009, 44:212-227.
14. Borooah V.K., Paldam M. Why is the world short of democracy? A cross-country analysis of barriers to representative government. European Journal of Political Economy 2007, 23:582-604.
15. Bourguignon F., Verdier T. Ruling elite, democracy, inequality and growth. Journal of Development Economics 2000, 62:285-313.
16. Brown D. Democracy, colonization, and human capital in Sub-Saharan Africa. Studies in Comparative International Development 2000, 35:20-40.
17. Brown D. Democracy and gender inequality in education: a cross national examination. British Journal of Political Science 2004, 34:137-152.
18. Cagaty N., Ozler S. Feminization of the labour force: the effects of long term development and structural adjustment. World Development 1995, 23:1883-1894.
19. Castelló-Climent A. On the distribution of education and democracy. Journal of Development Economics 2008, 87:179-190.
20. Cheibub J., Gandhi J., Vreeland J. Democracy and dictatorship revisited. Public Choice 2010, 143:67-101.
21. CIA World Factbook downloaded April 2010. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/.
22. Cooray A. Does colonialism exert a long term economic impact on adult literacy? Working Paper No. 176. Queen Elizabeth House 2009, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
23. Di Gioacchino D., Sabani L. Education policy and inequality: a political economy analysis. European Journal of Political Economy 2009, 25:463-478.
24. Di Tommaso M.L., Shima I., Strøm S., Bettio F. As bad as it gets: well-being deprivation of sexually exploited women. European Journal of Political Economy 2009, 25:143-162.
25. Doepke M., Tertilt M. Women's liberation: what's in it for men?. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2009, 124:1541-1591.
26. Dollar D., Gatti R. Gender inequality, income and growth: are good times good for women?. Policy Research Report on Gender and Development Working Paper Series No. 1, World Bank, Washington DC 1999.
27. Doucouliagos H., Paldam M. Aid effectiveness on growth: a meta study. European Journal of Political Economy 2008, 24:1-24.
28. Fernandez R., Fogli A., Olivetti C. Mothers and sons: preference formation and female labor force dynamics. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2004, 119:1249-1299.
29. Fontana M., Wood A. Modelling the effects of trade on women, at work and at home. World Development 2000, 28:1173-1190.
30. Glaeser E., La Porta R., Lopez-de-Silanes F., Shleifer A. Do institutions cause growth?. Journal of Economic Growth 2004, 9:271-303.
31. Gundlach E., Paldam M. A farewell to critical junctures: sorting out long-run causality of income and democracy. European Journal of Political Economy 2009, 25:340-354.
32. Hillman A.L. Nietzschean development failures. Public Choice 2004, 119:263-280.
33. Hillman A.L. Democracy and low-income countries. Public Choice and Challenges of Democracy 2007, 277-294. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, U.K. J. Casas Pardo, P. Schwartz (Eds.).
34. Hillman A.L. Public finance and public policy: responsibilities and limitations of government 2009, Cambridge University Press, New York. 2nd Ed.
35. Hillman A.L., Jenkner E. User payments for basic education in low-income countries. Helping countries Develop: The Role of Fiscal Policy 2004, 233-264. International Monetary Fund, Washington DC. S. Gupta, B. Clements, G. Inchauste (Eds.).
36. Inglehart R., Baker W. Modernization, cultural change and the persistence of traditional values. American Sociological Review 2000, 65:19-51.
37. Inglehart R., Norris P., Welzel C. Gender equality and democracy. Comparative Sociology 2002, 1:321-345.
38. Klasen S. Low schooling for girls, slower growth for all? Cross country evidence on the effect of gender inequality in education on economic development. World Bank Economic Review 2002, 16:345-373.
39. Klasen S., Wink C. Missing women: revisiting the debate. Feminist Economics 2003, 9:263-299.
40. Knowles S., Lorgelly P., Ownen P. Are educational gender gaps a brake on economic development? Some cross country empirical evidence. Oxford Economic Papers 2002, 54:118-149.
41. Larson A. Toward an Afghan democracy? Exploring perceptions of democratisation in Afghanistan. Working Paper, Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit Kabul 2009.
42. Marshall M., Jaggers K. Polity IV Country Reports downloaded January 2010. http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity06.htm#nam.
43. Munck G., Verkuilen J. Conceptualizing and measuring democracy: evaluating alternative indices. Comparative Political Studies 2002, 55:5-34.
44. Norton S.W., Tomal A. Religion and female educational attainment. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 2009, 41:961-986.
45. Papaioannou E., Siourounis G. Economic and social factors driving the third wave of democratization. Journal of Comparative Economics 2008, 36:365-387.
46. Schultz T. Human capital investment in women and men: micro and macro evidence of economic returns. Occasional Paper 44 1994, International Centre on Economic Growth, San Francisco CA.
47. Schultz T. Why governments should invest more to educate girls. World Development 2002, 30:207-225.
48. Summers R., Heston A. The Penn World Table (Mark 5): an expanded set of international comparisons, 1950-1988. Quarterly Journal of Economics 1991, 106:327-368.
49. The Encyclopaedia of World Geography 1994, Andromeda Oxford Limited, Oxford, U.K. G. Bateman, V. Egan (Eds.).
50. Tsai M.-C. Does political democracy enhance human development in developing countries?. American Journal of Economics and Sociology 2006, 65:233-268.
51. United Nations Millennium development goals downloaded February 2008. http://www.unmillenniumproject.or/goals.
52. Vreeland J. The effect of political regime on civil war: unpacking anocracy. Journal of Conflict Resolution 2008, 52:401-425.
53. Waylen G. Women and democratization - conceptualizing gender relations in transition politics. World Politics 1994, 46:327-354.
54. Welzman, Y., 2010. Development failure and the failure of democracy. Chapter 3 in: The Persistence of Ineffective Aid. PhD thesis, Bar-Ilan University.
55. World Bank World Development Indicators. Washington, D. C 2010.