Phylogeny of subclass Scuticociliatia (Protozoa, Ciliophora) using combined data inferred from genetic, morphological, and morphogenetic evidence

Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 778-784

  Yi, Zhenzhen ^a,b   Wang, Yangang ^b   Lin, Xiaofeng ^a   Al Rasheid, Khaled A S ^c   Song, Weibo ^a,b  

^a SOUTH CHINA NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA   (China)

^c KING SAUD UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

Ciliophora; combined data; phylogenetic analyses; Scuticociliatia

Indexed keywords

CILIOPHORA; PROTOZOA; SCUTICOCILIATIA;

EID: 79954594502     PISSN: 02544059     EISSN: 19935005     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00343-010-9100-8     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Borror AC. 1965. New and little-known tidal marsh ciliates. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc., 84: 550-565.
2. Corliss J O. 1979. The ciliated protozoa: characterization, classification and guide to the literature. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
3. Cunningham C W. 1997. Can three incongruence tests predict when data should be combined? Mol. Biol. Evol., 14: 733-740.
4. Danforth B N, Sipes S, Fang J, Brady S G. 2006. The history of early bee diversification based on five genes plus morphology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 103: 15 118-15 123.
5. de Puytorac P. 1994. Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In: de Puytorac P ed. Traité de Zoologie, Tome II, Infusoires Ciliés, Fasc. 2, Systématique. Masson, Paris, p. 1-15.
6. Farris J S, Källersjö M, Kluge A G, Bult C. 1994. Testing significance of incongruence. Cladistics, 10: 315-319.
7. Felsenstein J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenetics: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39: 783-791.
8. Foissner W. 1996. Faunistics, taxonomy and ecology of moss and soil ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Antarctica, with description of new species, including Pleuroplitoides smithi gen. n., sp. n. Acta Protozool., 35: 95-123.
9. Hall T A. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser., 41: 95-98.
10. Li L, Song W, Warren A, Wang Y, Ma H, Hu X, Chen Z. 2006. Phylogenetic position of the marine ciliate, Cardiostomatella vermiforme (Kahl, 1928) Corliss, 1960 inferred from the complete SSrRNA gene sequence, with establishment of a new order Loxocephalida n. ord. (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea). Eur. J. Protistol., 42: 107-114.
11. Long H, Song W, Warren A, Al-Rasheid K, Gong J, Chen X. 2007. Two new ciliates from the north China seas, Schizocalyptra aeschtae nov. spec. and Sathrophilus holtae nov. spec., with new definition of the genus Sathrophilus (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophora). Acta Protozool., 46: 229-245.
12. Lynn D H. 2008. The Ciliated Protozoa. Pergamon Press, New York.
13. Lynn D H, Small E B. 2002a. Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In: Lee J J, Leedale G F, Bradbury P eds. An illustrated guide to the protozoaI. Allen Press Inc.
14. Lynn D H, Strüder-Kypke M. 2002b. Phylogenetic position of Licnophora, Lechriopyla, and Schizocaryum, three unusual ciliates (phylum Ciliophora) endosymbiotic in echinoderms (phylum Echinodermata). J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 49: 460-468.
15. Lynn D H, Strüder-Kypke M. 2005. Scuticociliate endosymbionts of echinoids (phylum Echinodermata): phylogenetic relationships among species in the genera Entodiscus, Plagiopyliella, Thyrophylax, and Entorhipidium (phylum Ciliophora). J. Parasitol., 91: 1 190-1 199.
16. Ma H. Song W, Ma H. 2005. On phylogenetic relationships of Scuticociliatida (Protozoa, Ciliophora) mainly based on stomatogenetic and morphological data. Acta Zootaxon. Sin., 30: 684-691.
17. Miao M, Warren A, Song W, Wang S, Shang H, Chen Z. 2008. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of scuticociliates and related taxa (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) to infer their evolution and phylogeny. Protist., 159: 519-533.
18. Nylander J A. 2004. MrModeltest v2. Uppsala University.
19. Page R D M. 1996. TREEVIEW: An application to view phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Comput. Appl. Biosci., 12: 357-358.
20. Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck J P. 2003. MRBAYES 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19: 1 572-1 574.
21. Shang H, Song W, Warren A. 2003. Phylogenetic positions of two ciliates, Paranophrys magna and Mesanophrys carcini (Ciliophora: Oligohymenophorea), within the subclass scuticociliatia inferred from complete small subunit rRNA gene sequences. Acta Protozool., 42: 171-181.
22. Shang H, Song W, Warren A, Li L, Chen Z. 2006. Phylogenetic positions of two marine ciliates, Metanophrys similis and Pseudocohnilembus hargisi (Protozoa, Ciliopjora, Scuticociliatia), inferred from complete small subunit rRNA gene sequences. Prog. Nat. Sci., 16: 373-378.
23. Small E B, Lynn D H. 1985. Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In: Lee J J, Hutner S H, Bovee E D. eds. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Soc. Protozool. Special Publ., Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas, p. 393-575.
24. Snoeyenbos-West O L, Salcedo T, McManus G B, Katz L A. 2002. Insights into the diversity of choreotrich and oligotrich ciliates (Class: Spirotrichea) based on genealogical analyses of multiple loci. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 52: 1 901-1 913.
25. Song W, Warren A, Roberts D, Ma H, Shang H, Wilbert N, Miao M, Yi Z. 2005. Re-evaluation of the phylogenetic position of the genus Dexiotrichides (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida) inferred from stomatogenetic and molecular information for Dexiotrichides pangi. Progress Natural Science, 15: 700-707.
26. Song W, Wilbert N. 2002. Reinvestigations of three "well-known" marine scuticociliates: Uronemella filificum (Kahl, 1931) nov. gen., nov. comb., Pseudocohnilembus hargisi Evans & Thompson, 1964 and Cyclidium citrullus Cohn 1865, with description of the new genus Uronemella (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida). Zool. Anz., 241: 317-331.
27. Swofford D L. 2002. PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4., Sunderland, MA.
28. Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S. 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4. 0. Mol. Biol. Evol., 24: 1 596-1 599.
29. Waeschenbach A, Webster B L, Bray R A, Littlewood D T J. 2007. Added resolution among ordinal level relationships of tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) with complete small and large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA genes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 45: 311-325.
30. Wang W, Song W, Warren A, Al-Rasheid K, Al-Quraishy S A, Al-Farraj S A, Hu X, Pan H. 2009a. Descriptions of two new marine scuticociliates, Pleuronema sinica n. sp. and P. wilberti n. sp. (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida), from the Yellow Sea, China. Eur. J. Protistol., 45: 29-37.
31. Wang Y, Miao M, Zhang Q, Gao S, Song W, Al-Rasheid K, Warren A, Ma H. 2009b. Three marine interstitial scuticociliates, Schizocalyptra similis sp. n., S. sinica sp. n. and Hippocomos salinus Small and Lynn, 1985 (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida), isolated from Chinese coastal waters. Acta Protozool., 47: 377-387.
32. Yi Z, Chen Z, Warren A, Roberts D, Al-Rasheid K, Miao M, Gao S, Shao C, Song W. 2008. Molecular phylogeny of Pseudokeronopsis (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Urostylida), with reconsideration of three closely related species at inter- and intra-specific levels inferred from the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene and the ITS1-5. 8S-ITS2 region sequences. J. Zool., 275: 268-275.
33. Yi Z, Song, W, Gong J, Warren A, Al-Rasheid K, Al-Farraj S A, Al-Khedhairy A. 2009. Phylogeny of six oligohymenophoreans (Protozoa, Ciliophora) inferred from small subunit rRNA gene sequences. Zool. Scripta, 38: 323-331.