Evaluation of methods for measuring particulate matter emissions from gas turbines

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 45, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 3562-3568

  Petzold, Andreas ^a   Marsh, Richard ^b   Johnson, Mark ^c   Miller, Michael ^d   Sevcenco, Yura ^b   Delhaye, David ^e   Ibrahim, Amir ^a   Williams, Paul ^f   Bauer, Heidi ^g   Crayford, Andrew ^b   Bachalo, William D ^h   Raper, David ⁱ  

^a GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

^b CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c ROLLS ROYCE PLC   (United Kingdom)

^d QINETIQ   (United Kingdom)

^e ONERA   (France)

^f UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^g VIENNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

^h Artium Technologies Inc   (United States)

ⁱ MANCHESTER METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS; AVIATION INDUSTRY; BLACK CARBON; CARBONACEOUS MATTER; COMBUSTION METHOD; CONDENSATION PARTICLE COUNTERS; ELECTRICAL MOBILITY; ELEMENTAL CARBON; EMISSION LEVEL; EVALUATION OF METHODS; FILTER-BASED; GRAVIMETRIC MASS; HYDRATED SULFATES; MASS METHOD; NUMBER CONCENTRATION; ONLINE METHODS; OPERATION PROCEDURE; OPTICAL METHODS; ORGANIC MATTER FRACTION; PARTICLE PROPERTIES; PARTICULATE MATTER; PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS; SAMPLING EFFECTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENTS; STANDARD DEVIATION; SYSTEMATIC DEVIATION; TOTAL MASS;

AIRCRAFT ENGINES; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; COMBUSTION; GAS EMISSIONS; PARTICULATE EMISSIONS;

PARTICLES (PARTICULATE MATTER);

BLACK CARBON; ORGANIC CARBON; ORGANIC MATTER;

ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; COMBUSTION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); CONDENSATION; FILTER; GRAVIMETRY; INDUSTRIAL EMISSION; MEASUREMENT METHOD; MOBILITY; PARTICULATE MATTER; STANDARDIZATION; SULFATE; TURBINE;

AIR SAMPLING; AIRCRAFT; ANALYTIC METHOD; ANALYZER; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; COMBUSTION; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); EVALUATION; EXHAUST GAS; FILTER; GAS TURBINE POWER; GRAVIMETRY; LIGHT ABSORPTION; MEASUREMENT; ONLINE ANALYSIS; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATE MATTER; TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON;

AEROSOLS; AIR POLLUTANTS; AIR POLLUTION; AIRCRAFT; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATE MATTER; VEHICLE EMISSIONS;

EID: 79954543345     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es103969v     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Lee, D. S.; Pitari, G.; Grewe, V.; Gierens, K.; Penner, J. E.; Petzold, A.; Prather, M. J.; Schumann, U.; Bais, A.; Berntsen, T., Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Aviation. Atmos. Environ. 2010, 44, DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.005.
2. SAE, AIR 6037: Aircraft Exhaust Nonvolatile Particle Matter Measurement Method Development. SAE Aerospace Information Report 2009.
3. Petzold, A.; Fiebig, M.; Fritzsche, L.; Stein, C.; Schumann, U.; Wilson, C. W.; Hurley, C. D.; Arnold, F.; Katragkou, E.; Baltensperger, U. Particle emissions from aircraft engines - a survey of the European project PartEmis Meteorol. Z. 2005, 14, 465-476
4. Kärcher, B.; Möhler, O.; DeMott, P. J.; Pechtl, S.; Yu, F. Insights into the role of soot aerosols in cirrus cloud formation Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2007, 7, 4203-4227 (Pubitemid 47293597)
5. Lobo, P.; Hagen, D. E.; Whitefield, P. D.; Alofs, D. J. Physical characterization of aerosol emissions from a commercial gas turbine engine J. Propul. Power 2007, 23, 919-928
6. Herndon, S. C.; Jayne, J. T.; Lobo, P.; Onasch, T. B.; Fleming, G.; Hagen, D. E.; Whitefield, P. D.; Miake-Lye, R. C. Commercial aircraft engine emissions characterization of in-use aircraft at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 1877-1883 (Pubitemid 351497674)
7. Mazaheri, M.; Johnson, G. R.; Morawska, L. Particle and gaseous emissions from commercial aircraft at each stage of the landing and takeoff cycle Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 441-446
8. Aircraft gas turbine smoke measurement. In SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice, SAE, ARP 1179; Society of Automotive Engineers: Warrendale, PA, 1997.
9. Nonvolatile exhaust particle measurement techniques. In SAE Aerospace Information Report, SAE, AIR 5892; Society of Automotive Engineers: Warrendale, PA, 2004.
10. Petzold, A.; Marsh, R.; Johnson, M.; Miller, M.; Sevcenco, Y.; Delhaye, D.; Vancassel, X.; Ibrahim, A.; Veira, A.; Williams, P., Study on Sampling and Measurement of Aircraft Particulate Emissions SAMPLE-Final Report; EASA: Cologne, 2009; pp 139, http://www.easa.eu.int/ws-prod/r/doc/research/SAMPLE- Report-Final.pdf.
11. Wilson, C. W.; Petzold, A.; Nyeki, S.; Schumann, U.; Zellner, R. Measurement and prediction of emissions of aerosols and gaseous precursors from gas turbine engines (PartEmis): an overview Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 2004, 8, 131-143
12. Petzold, A.; Stein, C.; Nyeki, S.; Gysel, M.; Weingartner, E.; Baltensperger, U.; Giebl, H.; Hitzenberger, R.; Döpelheuer, A.; Vrchoticky, S., Properties of jet engine combustion particles during the PartEmis experiment: Microphysics and chemistry. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30, DOI: 10.1029/2003GL017283.
13. Brown, A. S.; Yardley, R. E.; Quincey, P. G.; Butterfield, D. M. Ambient Air Particulate Matter: Quantifying Errors in Gravimetric Measurements, NPL Report DQL-AS 015; National Physical Laboratory: Teddington, UK, 2005; pp 41.
14. Cachier, H.; Bremond, M. P.; Buat-Menard, P. Thermal separation of soot carbon Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1989, 10, 358-364 (Pubitemid 19115526)
15. Schmid, H.; Laskus, L.; Abraham, H. J.; Baltensperger, U.; Lavanchy, V.; Bizjak, M.; Burba, P.; Cachier, H.; Crow, D.; Chow, J. Results of the carbon conference international aerosol carbon round robin test stage I Atmos. Environ. 2001, 35, 2111-2121 (Pubitemid 32194621)
16. Aiken, A. C.; DeCarlo, P. F.; Kroll, J. H.; Worsnop, D. R.; Huffman, J. A.; Docherty, K. S.; Ulbrich, I. M.; Mohr, C.; Kimmel, J. R.; Sueper, D. O/C and OM/OC ratios of primary, secondary, and ambient organic aerosols with high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 4478-4485 (Pubitemid 351842394)
17. Petzold, A.; Schönlinner, M. Multi-angle absorption photometry-A new method for the measurement of aerosol light absorption and atmospheric black carbon J. Aerosol Sci. 2004, 35, 421-441 (Pubitemid 38410918)
18. Bond, T. C.; Bergstrom, R. W. Light absorption by carbonaceous particles: An investigative review Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 27-67
19. Müller, T.; Henzing, J. S.; Leeuw, G. d.; Wiedensohler, A.; Alastuey, A.; Angelov, H.; Bizjak, M.; Coen, M. C.; Engström, J. E.; Gruening, C. Characterization and intercomparison of aerosol absorption photometers: result of two intercomparison workshops Atmos. Meas. Tech. 2011, 4, 245-268
20. Snelling, D. R.; Smallwood, G. J.; Liu, F.; Gülder, Ö. L.; Bachalo, W. D. A calibration-independent LII technique for soot measurement by detecting absolute light intensity Appl. Opt. 2005, 44, 6773-6785 (Pubitemid 41741812)
21. Wayson, R. L.; Fleming, G. G.; Iovinelli, R. Methodology to estimate particulate matter emissions from certified commercial aircraft engines J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 2009, 59, 91-100
22. Petzold, A.; Weingartner, E.; Hasselbach, J.; Lauer, P.; Kurol, C.; Fleischer, F. Physical properties, chemical composition, and cloud forming potential of particulate emissions from a marine diesel engine at various load conditions Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 3800-3805
23. Giechaskiel, B.; Ntziachristos, L.; Samaras, Z. Effect of ejector dilutors on measurements of automotive exhaust gas aerosol size distributions Meas. Sci. Technol. 2009, 20, 1-7
24. Hagen, D. E.; Lobo, P.; Whitefield, P. D.; Trueblood, M. B.; Alofs, D. J.; Schmid, O. Performance evaluation of a fast mobility-based particle spectrometer for aircraft exhaust J. Propul. Power 2009, 25, 628-634
25. Symonds, J. P. R.; Reavell, K. S. J.; Olfert, J. S.; Campbell, B. W.; Swift, S. J. Diesel soot mass calculation in real-time with a differential mobility spectrometer J. Aerosol Sci. 2007, 38, 52-68 (Pubitemid 44937248)
26. Fissan, H.; Neumann, S.; Trampe, A.; Pui, D. Y. H.; Shin, W. G. Rationale and principle of an instrument measuring lung deposited nanoparticle surface area J. Nanopart. Res. 2007, 9, 53-59 (Pubitemid 46036110)
27. Frank, B. P.; Saltiel, S.; Hogrefe, O.; Grygas, J.; Garland Lala, G. Determination of mean particle size using the electrical aerosol detector and the condensation particle counter: Comparison with the scanning mobility particle sizer J. Aerosol Sci. 2008, 39, 19-29
28. Li, L.; Chen, D. R.; Tsai, P. J. Use of an electrical aerosol detector (EAD) for nanoparticle size distribution measurement J. Nanopart. Res. 2009, 11, 111-120
29. Bachalo, W. D.; Sankar, S. V. Assessment of an Advanced Method for Measurement of the Solid Carbonaceous (Soot) Component of Mobile Source Particulate Matter; Grant no. 06-03, Final Report; California Air Resources Board: Sacramento, December 2009, 2009.
30. Feldpausch, P.; Fiebig, M.; Fritzsche, L.; Petzold, A. Measurement of ultrafine aerosol size distributions by a combination of diffusion screen separators and condensation particle counters J. Aerosol Sci. 2006, 37, 577-597