Cystatin C and cardiovascular risk;Cistatina C and rischio cardiovascolare

Biochimica Clinica

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 46-55

  Taglieri, Nevio ^a   Koenig, Wolfgang ^b   Kaski, Juan Carlos ^a  

^a ST GEORGE'S UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ULM   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYSTATIN C;

ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; DYSLIPIDEMIA; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR;

EID: 79953863864     PISSN: 03930564     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Coresh J, Selvin E, Stevens LA, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA 2007;298:2038-47. (Pubitemid 350074801)
2. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39:S1-266.
3. Sarnak MJ, Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC, et al. Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 2003;108:2154-69. (Pubitemid 37337595)
4. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1296-305.
5. Anavekar NS, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, et al. Relation between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1285-95. (Pubitemid 39258422)
6. Ninomiya T, Kiyohara Y, Tokuda Y, et al. Impact of kidney disease and blood pressure on the development of cardiovascular disease: an overview from the Japan Arteriosclerosis Longitudinal Study. Circulation 2008;118:2694-701.
7. Hsu CY, Chertow GM, Curhan GC. Methodological issues in studying the epidemiology of mild to moderate chronic renal insufficiency. Kidney Int 2002;61:1567-76. (Pubitemid 34437910)
8. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976;16:31-41.
9. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, et al. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:461-70. (Pubitemid 29135798)
10. Gonwa TA, Jennings L, Mai ML, et al. Estimation of glomerular filtration rates before and after orthotopic liver transplantation: evaluation of current equations. Liver Transpl 2004;10:301-9. (Pubitemid 38240131)
11. Lamb EJ, Webb MC, Simpson DE, et al. Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in older patients with chronic renal insufficiency: is the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula an improvement? J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:1012-7. (Pubitemid 36871152)
12. Poggio ED, Wang X, Greene T, et al. Performance of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Cockcroft-Gault equations in the estimation of GFR in health and in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:459-66. (Pubitemid 41725142)
13. Dharnidharka VR, Kwon C, Stevens G. Serum cystatin C is superior to serum creatinine as a marker of kidney function: a meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;40:221-6.
14. Grubb A, Nyman U, Bjork J, et al Simple cystatin C-based prediction equations for glomerular filtration rate compared with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease prediction equation for adults and the Schwartz and the Counahan-Barratt prediction equations for children. Clin Chem 2005;51:1420-31. (Pubitemid 41060874)
15. Grubb A, Bjork J, Lindstrom V, et al. A cystatin C-based formula without anthropometric variables estimates glomerular filtration rate better than creatinine clearance using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2005;65:153-62. (Pubitemid 40571151)
16. Abrahamson M, Dalboge H, Olafsson I, et al. Efficient production of native, biologically active human cystatin C by Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett 1988;236:14-8.
17. Knight EL, Verhave JC, Spiegelman D, et al. Factors influencing serum cystatin C levels other than renal function and the impact on renal function measurement. Kidney Int 2004;65:1416-21. (Pubitemid 38406982)
18. Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Greene T, et al. Factors other than glomerular filtration rate affect serum cystatin C levels. Kidney Int 2009;75:652-60.
19. Macdonald J, Marcora S, Jibani M, et al. GFR estimation using cystatin C is not independent of body composition. Am J Kidney Dis 2006;48:712-9. (Pubitemid 44740040)
20. Stevens LA, Coresh J, Schmid CH, et al. Estimating GFR using serum cystatin C alone and in combination with serum creatinine: a pooled analysis of 3,418 individuals with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;51:395-406. (Pubitemid 351273480)
21. Vupputuri S, Fox CS, Coresh J, et al. Differential estimation of CKD using creatinine-versus cystatin C-based estimating equations by category of body mass index. Am J Kidney Dis 2009;53:993-1001.
22. Roos JF, Doust J, Tett SE, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of cystatin C compared to serum creatinine for the estimation of renal dysfunction in adults and children: a meta-analysis. Clin Biochem 2007;40:383-91.
23. Parikh NI, Hwang SJ, Yang Q, et al. Clinical correlates and heritability of cystatin C (from the Framingham Offspring Study). Am J Cardiol 2008;102:1194-8.
24. Kannel WB, Feinleib M, McNamara PM, et al. An investigation of coronary heart disease in families: the Framingham offspring study. Am J Epidemiol 1979;110:281-90. (Pubitemid 10204328)
25. Muntner P, Mann D, Winston J, et al. Serum cystatin C and increased coronary heart disease prevalence in US adults without chronic kidney disease. Am J Cardiol 2008;102:54-7.
26. Bild DE, Bluemke DA, Burke GL, et al. Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis: objectives and design. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:871-81. (Pubitemid 35215769)
27. Kestenbaum B, Rudser KD, de Boer IH, et al. Differences in kidney function and incident hypertension: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:501-8. (Pubitemid 351665418)
28. Fried LP, Borhani NO, Enright P, et al. The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale. Ann Epidemiol 1991;1:263-76.
29. Shlipak MG, Sarnak MJ, Katz R, et al. Cystatin C and the risk of death and cardiovascular events among elderly persons. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2049-60. (Pubitemid 40664306)
30. Sarnak MJ, Katz R, Stehman-Breen CO, et al. Cystatin C concentration as a risk factor for heart failure in older adults. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:497-505.
31. Shlipak MG, Katz R, Fried LF, et al. Cystatin-C and mortality in elderly persons with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:268-71. (Pubitemid 40094736)
32. O'Hare AM, Newman AB, Katz R, et al. Cystatin C and incident peripheral arterial disease events in the elderly: results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:2666-70. (Pubitemid 41785066)
33. Shlipak MG, Katz R, Sarnak MJ, et al. Cystatin C and prognosis for cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in elderly persons without chronic kidney disease. Ann Intern Med 2006;145:237-46. (Pubitemid 46768607)
34. Ix JH, Shlipak MG, Chertow GM, et al. Association of cystatin C with mortality, cardiovascular events, and incident heart failure among persons with coronary heart disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Circulation 2007;115:173-9. (Pubitemid 46105715)
35. Ix JH, Shlipak MG, Liu HH, et al. Association between renal insufficiency and inducible ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease: the Heart and Soul study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;14:3233-8. (Pubitemid 37509298)
36. Koenig W, Twardella D, Brenner H, et al. Plasma concentrations of cystatin C in patients with coronary heart disease and risk for secondary cardiovascular events: more than simply a marker of glomerular filtration rate. Clin Chem 2005;51:321-7. (Pubitemid 40175801)
37. Jernberg T, Lindahl B, James S, et al. Cystatin C: a novel predictor of outcome in suspected or confirmed non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Circulation 2004;110:2342-8. (Pubitemid 39407337)
38. Windhausen F, Hirsch A, Fischer J, et al. Cystatin C for enhancement of risk stratification in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome patients with an increased troponin T. Clin Chem 2009;55:1118-25.
39. Keller T, Messow CM, Lubos E, et al. Cystatin C and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease and normal or mildly reduced kidney function: results from the AtheroGene study. Eur Heart J 2009;30:314-20.
40. Blankenberg S, Rupprecht HJ, Bickel C, et al. Glutathione peroxidase 1 activity and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1605-13. (Pubitemid 37288568)
41. Menon V, Shlipak MG, Wang X, et al. Cystatin C as a risk factor for outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:19-27. (Pubitemid 351664630)
42. Zethelius B, Berglund L, Sundstrom J, et al. Use of multiple biomarkers to improve the prediction of death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2107-16. (Pubitemid 351679597)
43. Shlipak MG, Katz R, Cushman M, et al. Cystatin-C and inflammatory markers in the ambulatory elderly. Am J Med 2005;118:1416.e25-31.
44. Muntner P, Hamm LL, Kusek JW, et al. The prevalence of nontraditional risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:9-17.
45. Singh D, Whooley MA, Ix JH, et al. Association of cystatin C and estimated GFR with inflammatory biomarkers: the Heart and Soul study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007;22:1087-92. (Pubitemid 46523422)
46. Keller C, Katz R, Cushman M, et al. Association of kidney function with inflammatory and procoagulant markers in a diverse cohort: a cross-sectional analysis from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). BMC Nephrol 2008;9:9.
47. Leung-Tack J, Tavera C, Gensac MC, et al. Modulation of phagocytosis-associated respiratory burst by human cystatin C: role of the N-terminal tetrapeptide Lys-Pro-Pro-Arg. Exp Cell Res 1990;188:16-22.
48. Sukhova GK, Shi GP, Simon DI, et al. Expression of the elastolytic cathepsins S and K in human atheroma and regulation of their production in smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 1998;102:576-83. (Pubitemid 28376160)
49. Liu J, Sukhova GK, Sun JS, et al. Lysosomal cysteine proteases in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004;24:1359-66. (Pubitemid 39056073)
50. Shi GP, Sukhova GK, Grubb A, et al. Cystatin C deficiency in human atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms. J Clin Invest 1999;104:1191-7. (Pubitemid 29536290)
51. Bengtsson E, To F, Hakansson K, et al. Lack of the cysteine protease inhibitor cystatin C promotes atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:2151-6. (Pubitemid 41416314)
52. Oorni K, Sneck M, Bromme D, et al. Cysteine protease cathepsin F is expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions, is secreted by cultured macrophages, and modifies low density lipoprotein particles in vitro. J Biol Chem 2004;279:34776-84. (Pubitemid 39318110)
53. Lutgens E, Lutgens SP, Faber BC, et al. Disruption of the cathepsin K gene reduces atherosclerosis progression and induces plaque fibrosis but accelerates macrophage foam cell formation. Circulation 2006;113:98-107. (Pubitemid 43958494)
54. Rodgers KJ, Watkins DJ, Miller AL, et al. Destabilizing role of cathepsin S in murine atherosclerotic plaques. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006;26:851-6. (Pubitemid 43732162)
55. Eriksson P, Deguchi H, Samnegard A, et al. Human evidence that the cystatin C gene is implicated in focal progression of coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004;24:551-7. (Pubitemid 38326152)
56. Loew M, Hoffmann MM, Koenig W, et al. Genotype and plasma concentration of cystatin C in patients with coronary heart disease and risk for secondary cardiovascular events. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:1470-4. (Pubitemid 40923370)
57. Manetti L, Pardini E, Genovesi M, et al. Thyroid function differently affects serum cystatin C and creatinine concentrations. J Endocrinol Invest 2005;28:346-9. (Pubitemid 43162754)
58. Risch L, Herklotz R, Blumberg A, et al. Effects of glucocorticoid immunosuppression on serum cystatin C concentrations in renal transplant patients. Clin Chem 2001;47:2055-9. (Pubitemid 33010731)
59. Maurer MS, Burkhoff D, Fried LP, et al. Ventricular structure and function in hypertensive participants with heart failure and a normal ejection fraction: the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:972-81.
60. Lassus J, Harjola VP, Sund R, et al. Prognostic value of cystatin C in acute heart failure in relation to other markers of renal function and NT-proBNP. Eur Heart J 2007;28:1841-7. (Pubitemid 47236639)
61. Naruse H, Ishii J, Kawai T, et al. Cystatin C in acute heart failure without advanced renal impairment. Am J Med 2009;122:566-73.