메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 53, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 89-107

Categorization and characterization of lesions of the orbital apex

Author keywords

Ophthalmoplegia; Optic canal; Orbit; Orbital apex; Orbital apex syndrome

Indexed keywords

BURKITT LYMPHOMA; CANCER INVASION; CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONGENITAL BLOOD VESSEL MALFORMATION; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; ENDOCRINE OPHTHALMOPATHY; FIBROUS DYSPLASIA; HEMANGIOPERICYTOMA; HEMATOMA; HODGKIN DISEASE; HUMAN; LEUKEMIA; MENINGIOMA; MUCOCELE; NEURILEMOMA; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA; OPTIC NEURITIS; ORBIT DISEASE; ORBIT METASTASIS; ORBIT PSEUDOTUMOR; ORBIT VARIX; ORBITAL LYMPHOMA; PAGET BONE DISEASE; PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; SARCOIDOSIS; SINO ORBITAL BACTERIAL INFECTION; SINO ORBITAL FUNGAL INFECTION; SUBPERIOSTEAL HEMATOMA; TOLOSA HUNT SYNDROME; VENOLYMPHATIC MALFORMATION;

EID: 79953829809     PISSN: 00283940     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00234-010-0712-7     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (85)
  • 3
    • 67349272298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital and anterior visual pathway infection and inflammation
    • doi:10.1007/s00234-009-0505-z
    • De Wyngaert R, Casteels I, Demaerel P (2009) Orbital and anterior visual pathway infection and inflammation. Neuroradiology 51:385-396. doi:10.1007/s00234-009-0505-z
    • (2009) Neuroradiology , vol.51 , pp. 385-396
    • De Wyngaert, R.1    Casteels, I.2    Demaerel, P.3
  • 4
    • 0032768808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiology of the orbital apex
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1440-1673.1999.433663.x
    • Chong VF, Fan YF, Chan LL (1999) Radiology of the orbital apex. Australas Radiol 43:294-302 (Pubitemid 29359678)
    • (1999) Australasian Radiology , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 294-302
    • Chong, V.F.H.1    Fan, Y.F.2    Chan, L.L.3
  • 8
    • 9944242706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary tumours of the optic nerve and its sheath
    • doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6701592
    • Miller NR (2004) Primary tumours of the optic nerve and its sheath. Eye 18:1026-1037. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6701592
    • (2004) Eye , vol.18 , pp. 1026-1037
    • Miller, N.R.1
  • 10
    • 0032956627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optic nerve sheath meningiomas. Role of MR imaging
    • Mafee MF, Goodwin J, Dorodi S (1999) Optic nerve sheath meningiomas. Role of MR imaging. Radiol Clin North Am 37:37-58
    • (1999) Radiol Clin North Am , vol.37 , pp. 37-58
    • Mafee, M.F.1    Goodwin, J.2    Dorodi, S.3
  • 11
    • 0027964813 scopus 로고
    • Preoperative difficulties in differentiating intraosseous meningiomas and fibrous dysplasia around the orbital apex
    • DOI 10.1016/S1010-5182(05)80562-1
    • Hansen-Knarhoi M, Poole MD (1994) Preoperative difficulties in differentiating intraosseous meningiomas and fibrous dysplasia around the orbital apex. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 22:226-230 (Pubitemid 24243586)
    • (1994) Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 226-230
    • Hansen-Knarhoi, M.1    Poole, M.D.2
  • 12
    • 0038614747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracanalicular optic nerve meningioma: A serious diagnostic pitfall
    • Jackson A, Patankar T, Laitt RD (2003) Intracanalicular optic nerve meningioma: a serious diagnostic pitfall. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:1167-1170 (Pubitemid 36734244)
    • (2003) American Journal of Neuroradiology , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 1167-1170
    • Jackson, A.1    Patankar, T.2    Laitt, R.D.3
  • 14
    • 33749482926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging features of ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disease
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.eye.6702382, PII 6702382
    • Sullivan TJ, Valenzuela AA (2006) Imaging features of ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disease. Eye 20:1189-1195. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702382 (Pubitemid 44515581)
    • (2006) Eye , vol.20 , Issue.10 , pp. 1189-1195
    • Sullivan, T.J.1    Valenzuela, A.A.2
  • 15
    • 20144364122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital schwannoma and neurofibroma: Role of imaging
    • DOI 10.1016/j.nic.2005.02.004, PII S1052514905000055, Ophthalmologic Neuroimaging
    • Kapur R, Mafee MF, Lamba R, Edward DP (2005) Orbital schwannoma and neurofibroma: role of imaging. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 15:159-174. doi:10.1016/j.nic.2005.02.004 (Pubitemid 40775834)
    • (2005) Neuroimaging Clinics of North America , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 159-174
    • Kapur, R.1    Mafee, M.F.2    Lamba, R.3    Edward, D.P.4
  • 16
    • 50449102824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital schwannomas: Findings from magnetic resonance imaging in 62 cases
    • doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702832
    • Wang Y, Xiao LH (2008) Orbital schwannomas: findings from magnetic resonance imaging in 62 cases. Eye 22:1034-1039. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702832
    • (2008) Eye , vol.22 , pp. 1034-1039
    • Wang, Y.1    Xiao, L.H.2
  • 18
    • 0031724063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit. Evaluation with MR imaging and CT
    • Mafee MF, Pai E, Philip B (1998) Rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit. Evaluation with MR imaging and CT. Radiol Clin North Am 36:1215-1227
    • (1998) Radiol Clin North Am , vol.36 , pp. 1215-1227
    • Mafee, M.F.1    Pai, E.2    Philip, B.3
  • 19
    • 23744467774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up and prognosis of orbital apex syndrome resulting from nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma
    • doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2005.02.054
    • Shindler KS, Liu GT, Womer RB (2005) Long-term follow-up and prognosis of orbital apex syndrome resulting from nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma. Am J Ophthalmol 140:236-241. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2005.02.054
    • (2005) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.140 , pp. 236-241
    • Shindler, K.S.1    Liu, G.T.2    Womer, R.B.3
  • 20
    • 36849079447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From the archives of the AFIP: Pediatric orbit tumors and tumorlike lesions: Nonosseous lesions of the extraocular orbit
    • doi:10.1148/rg.276075138
    • Chung EM, Smirniotopoulos JG, Specht CS, Schroeder JW, Cube R (2007) From the archives of the AFIP: pediatric orbit tumors and tumorlike lesions: nonosseous lesions of the extraocular orbit. Radiographics 27:1777-1799. doi:10.1148/rg.276075138
    • (2007) Radiographics , vol.27 , pp. 1777-1799
    • Chung, E.M.1    Smirniotopoulos, J.G.2    Specht, C.S.3    Schroeder, J.W.4    Cube, R.5
  • 21
    • 0021088085 scopus 로고
    • Congenital vascular lesions: Clinical application of a new classification
    • Finn MC, Glowacki J, Mulliken JB (1983) Congenital vascular lesions: clinical application of a new classification. J Pediatr Surg 18:894-900 (Pubitemid 14175292)
    • (1983) Journal of Pediatric Surgery , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 894-900
    • Finn, M.C.1    Glowacki, J.2    Mulliken, J.B.3
  • 23
    • 38349154395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular lesions of the orbit: More than meets the eye
    • doi:10.1148/rg.281075040
    • Smoker WR, Gentry LR, Yee NK, Reede DL, Nerad JA (2008) Vascular lesions of the orbit: more than meets the eye. Radiographics 28:185-204. doi:10.1148/rg.281075040
    • (2008) Radiographics , vol.28 , pp. 185-204
    • Smoker, W.R.1    Gentry, L.R.2    Yee, N.K.3    Reede, D.L.4    Nerad, J.A.5
  • 24
    • 0025210601 scopus 로고
    • Orbital lymphangiomas: Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic characteristics
    • Graeb DA, Rootman J, Robertson WD, Lapointe JS, Nugent RA, Hay EJ (1990) Orbital lymphangiomas: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic characteristics. Radiology 175:417-421 (Pubitemid 20135278)
    • (1990) Radiology , vol.175 , Issue.2 , pp. 417-421
    • Graeb, D.A.1    Rootman, J.2    Robertson, W.D.3    Lapointe, J.S.4    Nugent, R.A.5    Hay, E.J.6
  • 25
    • 0035123420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital venous-lymphatic malformations (lymphangiomas) mimicking cavernous hemangiomas
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-9394(00)00826-6, PII S0002939400008266
    • Selva D, Strianese D, Bonavolonta G, Rootman J (2001) Orbital venous-lymphatic malformations (lymphangiomas) mimicking cavernous hemangiomas. Am J Ophthalmol 131:364-370 (Pubitemid 32184523)
    • (2001) American Journal of Ophthalmology , vol.131 , Issue.3 , pp. 364-370
    • Selva, D.1    Strianese, D.2    Bonavolonta, G.3    Rootman, J.4
  • 27
    • 0031875520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cavernous hemangiomas of the orbital apex with intracranial extension
    • Mawn LA, Jordan DR, Gilberg SM (1998) Cavernous hemangiomas of the orbital apex with intracranial extension. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 29:680-684
    • (1998) Ophthalmic Surg Lasers , vol.29 , pp. 680-684
    • Mawn, L.A.1    Jordan, D.R.2    Gilberg, S.M.3
  • 28
    • 0032905629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital vascular lesions. Role of imaging
    • Bilaniuk LT (1999) Orbital vascular lesions. Role of imaging. Radiol Clin North Am 37:169-183
    • (1999) Radiol Clin North Am , vol.37 , pp. 169-183
    • Bilaniuk, L.T.1
  • 29
    • 20144379667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital cavernous hemangioma: Role of imaging
    • DOI 10.1016/j.nic.2005.02.009, PII S1052514905000109, Ophthalmologic Neuroimaging
    • Ansari SA, Mafee MF (2005) Orbital cavernous hemangioma: role of imaging. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 15:137-158. doi:10.1016/j.nic.2005.02.009 (Pubitemid 40775833)
    • (2005) Neuroimaging Clinics of North America , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 137-158
    • Ansari, S.A.1    Mafee, M.F.2
  • 33
    • 0025931467 scopus 로고
    • Irreversible unilateral visual loss due to acute sinusitis
    • Tarazi AE, Shikani AH (1991) Irreversible unilateral visual loss due to acute sinusitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 117:1400-1401
    • (1991) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg , vol.117 , pp. 1400-1401
    • Tarazi, A.E.1    Shikani, A.H.2
  • 34
    • 0031757405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR imaging and CT of orbital infections and complications in acute rhinosinusitis
    • Eustis HS, Mafee MF, Walton C, Mondonca J (1998) MR imaging and CT of orbital infections and complications in acute rhinosinusitis. Radiol Clin North Am 36:1165-1183 (Pubitemid 28543894)
    • (1998) Radiologic Clinics of North America , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 1165-1183
    • Eustis, H.S.1    Mafee, M.F.2    Walton, C.3    Mondonca, J.4
  • 35
    • 0031724325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extension to the orbit from paraorbital disease. The sinuses
    • Curtin HD, Rabinov JD (1998) Extension to the orbit from paraorbital disease. The sinuses. Radiol Clin North Am 36:1201-1213
    • (1998) Radiol Clin North Am , vol.36 , pp. 1201-1213
    • Curtin, H.D.1    Rabinov, J.D.2
  • 36
    • 0032431988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: A review
    • DOI 10.1076/orbi.17.4.237.2742
    • Warwar RE, Bullock JD (1998) Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: a review. Orbit 17:237-245 (Pubitemid 29057106)
    • (1998) Orbit , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 237-245
    • Warwar, R.E.1    Bullock, J.D.2
  • 37
    • 28444485380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of MR and CT in the paranasal sinuses
    • doi:10.1016/j.otc.2005.08.013
    • BFt B, Weissman JL (2005) Role of MR and CT in the paranasal sinuses. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 38:1279-1299. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2005.08.013
    • (2005) Otolaryngol Clin North Am , vol.38 , pp. 1279-1299
    • BFt, B.1    Weissman, J.L.2
  • 39
    • 34547913761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metastatic tumors of the orbit and ocular adnexa
    • DOI 10.1097/ICU.0b013e3282c5077c, PII 0005573520070900000011
    • Ahmad SM, Esmaeli B (2007) Metastatic tumors of the orbit and ocular adnexa. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 18:405-413. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e3282c5077c (Pubitemid 47263003)
    • (2007) Current Opinion in Ophthalmology , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 405-413
    • Ahmad, S.M.1    Esmaeli, B.2
  • 41
    • 34248999098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metastatic endometrial carcinoma resulting in orbital apex compression
    • DOI 10.1097/IOP.0b013e3180577d46, PII 0000234120070500000026
    • Walrath JD, Lelli GJ Jr, Engelbert M, Kazim M (2007) Metastatic endometrial carcinoma resulting in orbital apex compression. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 23:250-251. doi:10.1097/IOP.0b013e3180577d46 (Pubitemid 46801975)
    • (2007) Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 250-251
    • Walrath, J.D.1    Lelli Jr., G.J.2    Engelbert, M.3    Kazim, M.4
  • 43
    • 0033836637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perineural spread leading to orbital invasion from skin cancer
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1440-1673.2000.00817.x
    • Veness MJ, Biankin S (2000) Perineural spread leading to orbital invasion from skin cancer. Australas Radiol 44:296-302 (Pubitemid 30658619)
    • (2000) Australasian Radiology , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 296-302
    • Veness, M.J.1    Biankin, S.2
  • 44
    • 0031903329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Evaluation with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
    • Luo CB, Teng MM, Chen SS, Lirng JF, Guo WY, Chang T (1998) Orbital invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: evaluation with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 61:382-388 (Pubitemid 28355534)
    • (1998) Chinese Medical Journal (Taipei) , vol.61 , Issue.7 , pp. 382-388
    • Luo, C.-B.1    Teng, M.M.-H.2    Chen, S.-S.3    Lirng, J.-F.4    Guo, W.-Y.5    Chang, T.6
  • 46
    • 0028791450 scopus 로고
    • Perineural spread of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma manifesting as ptosis and ophthalmoplegia (orbital apex syndrome)
    • Alonso PE, Bescansa E, Salas J, de Haro J, Redondo A, Rioja LF (1995) Perineural spread of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma manifesting as ptosis and ophthalmoplegia (orbital apex syndrome). Br J Plast Surg 48:564-568
    • (1995) Br J Plast Surg , vol.48 , pp. 564-568
    • Alonso, P.E.1    Bescansa, E.2    Salas, J.3    De Haro, J.4    Redondo, A.5    Rioja, L.F.6
  • 47
    • 0031723788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital subperiosteal hematoma, cholesterol granuloma, and infection. Evaluation with MR imaging and CT
    • Dobben GD, Philip B, Mafee MF, Choi K, Belmont H, Dorodi S (1998) Orbital subperiosteal hematoma, cholesterol granuloma, and infection. Evaluation with MR imaging and CT. Radiol Clin North Am 36:1185-1200
    • (1998) Radiol Clin North Am , vol.36 , pp. 1185-1200
    • Dobben, G.D.1    Philip, B.2    Mafee, M.F.3    Choi, K.4    Belmont, H.5    Dorodi, S.6
  • 50
    • 17144423643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral supraorbital masses after prolonged headlock injury: An unusual manifestation of orbital subperiosteal hematomas
    • Crawford SD, Patel MR (2005) Bilateral supraorbital masses after prolonged headlock injury: an unusual manifestation of orbital subperiosteal hematomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184:S2-S3
    • (2005) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.184
    • Crawford, S.D.1    Patel, M.R.2
  • 51
    • 33847771814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital wall infarction mimicking periorbital cellulitis in a patient with sickle cell disease
    • DOI 10.1007/s00247-007-0418-0
    • Ozkavukcu E, Fitoz S, Yagmurlu B, Ciftci E, Erden I, Ertem M (2007) Orbital wall infarction mimicking periorbital cellulitis in a patient with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Radiol 37:388-390. doi:10.1007/s00247-007-0418-0 (Pubitemid 46390156)
    • (2007) Pediatric Radiology , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 388-390
    • Ozkavukcu, E.1    Fitoz, S.2    Yagmurlu, B.3    Ciftci, E.4    Erden, I.5    Ertem, M.6
  • 52
    • 40249093022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relief of severe retro-orbital pain and vision improvement after optic-nerve decompression in polyostotic fibrous dysplasia: Case report and review of the literature
    • doi:10.1007/s00381-007-0543-y
    • Sammut SJ, Kandasamy J, Newman W et al (2008) Relief of severe retro-orbital pain and vision improvement after optic-nerve decompression in polyostotic fibrous dysplasia: case report and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 24:515-520. doi:10.1007/s00381-007-0543-y
    • (2008) Childs Nerv Syst , vol.24 , pp. 515-520
    • Sammut, S.J.1    Newman, W.2
  • 53
    • 34548850343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyst degeneration in craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: Clinical presentation and management
    • DOI 10.3171/JNS-07/09/0504
    • Diah E, Morris DE, Lo LJ, Chen YR (2007) Cyst degeneration in craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: clinical presentation and management. J Neurosurg 107:504-508. doi:10.3171/JNS-07/09/0504 (Pubitemid 47451031)
    • (2007) Journal of Neurosurgery , vol.107 , Issue.3 , pp. 504-508
    • Diah, E.1    Morris, D.E.2    Lo, L.-J.3    Chen, Y.-R.4
  • 57
    • 33644874442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sphenoid sinus mucocele presenting as a third cranial nerve palsy
    • DOI 10.1097/01.wno.0000189829.46763.41, PII 0004132720051200000008
    • Vaphiades MS, Roberson GH (2005) Sphenoid sinus mucocele presenting as a third cranial nerve palsy. J Neuroophthalmol 25:293-294 (Pubitemid 44481153)
    • (2005) Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 293-294
    • Vaphiades, M.S.1    Roberson, G.H.2
  • 59
    • 14244249176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sphenoid sinus mucocele causing third nerve paralysis: CT and MR findings
    • DOI 10.1259/dmfr/92903178
    • Akan H, Cihan B, Celenk C (2004) Sphenoid sinus mucocele causing third nerve paralysis: CT and MR findings. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 33:342-344. doi:10.1259/dmfr/92903178 (Pubitemid 40288465)
    • (2004) Dentomaxillofacial Radiology , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 342-344
    • Akan, H.1    Cihan, B.2    Celenk, C.3
  • 60
    • 0036730636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From the archives of the AFIP. Radiologic spectrum of Paget disease of bone and its complications with pathologic correlation
    • Smith SE, Murphey MD, Motamedi K, Mulligan ME, Resnik CS, Gannon FH (2002) From the archives of the AFIP. Radiologic spectrum of Paget disease of bone and its complications with pathologic correlation. Radiographics 22:1191-1216
    • (2002) Radiographics , vol.22 , pp. 1191-1216
    • Smith, S.E.1    Murphey, M.D.2    Motamedi, K.3    Mulligan, M.E.4    Resnik, C.S.5    Gannon, F.H.6
  • 62
    • 34249856563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pitfalls in MR image interpretation prompting referrals to an orthopedic oncology clinic
    • doi:10.1148/rg.273065031, discussion 827-808
    • Stacy GS, Dixon LB (2007) Pitfalls in MR image interpretation prompting referrals to an orthopedic oncology clinic. Radiographics 27:805-826. doi:10.1148/rg.273065031, discussion 827-808
    • (2007) Radiographics , vol.27 , pp. 805-826
    • Stacy, G.S.1    Dixon, L.B.2
  • 64
    • 0028916392 scopus 로고
    • Postgadolinium enhancement of a compressive neuropathy of the optic nerve
    • Grimm MA, Hazelton T, Beck RW, Murtagh FR (1995) Postgadolinium enhancement of a compressive neuropathy of the optic nerve. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16:779-781
    • (1995) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.16 , pp. 779-781
    • Grimm, M.A.1    Hazelton, T.2    Beck, R.W.3    Murtagh, F.R.4
  • 67
    • 79953831974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbit
    • Harnsberger H (ed) 1st edn. Elsevier Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, Utah, Chap. 2
    • Davidson H (2004) Orbit. In: Harnsberger H (ed) Diagnostic imaging: head & neck, 1st edn. Elsevier Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, Utah, pp 1-74. (Chap. 2)
    • (2004) Diagnostic Imaging: Head & Neck , pp. 1-74
    • Davidson, H.1
  • 70
    • 0034906422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging in thyroid-associated orbitopathy
    • Kahaly GJ (2001) Imaging in thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Eur J Endocrinol 145:107-118
    • (2001) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.145 , pp. 107-118
    • Kahaly, G.J.1
  • 71
    • 77749249457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of signal intensity ratio on orbital MRI-TIRM and clinical activity score as a possible predictor of therapy response in Graves' orbitopathy - A pilot study at 1.5 T
    • doi:10.1007/s00234-009-0590-z
    • Kirsch EC, Kaim AH, De Oliveira MG, von Arx G (2010) Correlation of signal intensity ratio on orbital MRI-TIRM and clinical activity score as a possible predictor of therapy response in Graves' orbitopathy - a pilot study at 1.5 T. Neuroradiology 52:91-97. doi:10.1007/s00234-009-0590-z
    • (2010) Neuroradiology , vol.52 , pp. 91-97
    • Kirsch, E.C.1    Kaim, A.H.2    De Oliveira, M.G.3    Von Arx, G.4
  • 73
    • 1642538234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiologic Manifestations of Sarcoidosis in Various Organs
    • Koyama T, Ueda H, Togashi K, Umeoka S, Kataoka M, Nagai S (2004) Radiologic manifestations of sarcoidosis in various organs. Radiographics 24:87-104. doi:10.1148/rg.241035076 (Pubitemid 38134596)
    • (2004) Radiographics , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-104
    • Koyama, T.1    Ueda, H.2    Togashi, K.3    Umeoka, S.4    Kataoka, M.5    Nagai, S.6
  • 76
    • 79953832885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbit
    • Osborn AG, Blaser SI, Salzman KL et al (eds) Amirsys, Salt Lake City
    • Osborn A (2009) Orbit. In: Osborn AG, Blaser SI, Salzman KL et al (eds) Diagnostic imaging: brain. Amirsys, Salt Lake City, pp 28-31
    • (2009) Diagnostic Imaging: Brain , pp. 28-31
    • Osborn, A.1
  • 77
    • 0031306356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital pseudotumor: Case report and overview
    • Martin CJ (1997) Orbital pseudotumor: case report and overview. J Am Optom Assoc 68:775-781
    • (1997) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.68 , pp. 775-781
    • Martin, C.J.1
  • 80
    • 62849122292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: MR imaging features in 15 patients with 20 episodes of painful ophthalmoplegia
    • doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.11.034
    • Schuknecht B, Sturm V, Huisman TA, Landau K (2009) Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: MR imaging features in 15 patients with 20 episodes of painful ophthalmoplegia. Eur J Radiol 69:445-453. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.11.034
    • (2009) Eur J Radiol , vol.69 , pp. 445-453
    • Schuknecht, B.1    Sturm, V.2    Huisman, T.A.3    Landau, K.4
  • 81
    • 0036041832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor of the orbit and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome - Are they the same disease?
    • doi:10.1007/s00415-002-0818-x
    • Wasmeier C, Pfadenhauer K, Rosler A (2002) Idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor of the orbit and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome - are they the same disease? J Neurol 249:1237-1241. doi:10.1007/s00415-002-0818-x
    • (2002) J Neurol , vol.249 , pp. 1237-1241
    • Wasmeier, C.1    Pfadenhauer, K.2    Rosler, A.3
  • 84
    • 79953833984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skull, scalp, meninges: Intracranial pseudotumor
    • Osborn A (ed) 1st edn. Amirsys Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah, Chap. 2, pp 24-30
    • Harnsberger H (2004) Skull, scalp, meninges: intracranial pseudotumor. In: Osborn A (ed) Diagnostic imaging: brain, 1st edn. Amirsys Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah, pp 4-26 (Chap. 2, pp 24-30)
    • (2004) Diagnostic Imaging: Brain , pp. 4-26
    • Harnsberger, H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.