Obstructive sleep apnoea in children

Breathe

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 241-247

  Verhulst, S ^a   Kaditis, A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Greece)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID; MONTELUKAST;

ADENOTONSILLAR HYPERTROPHY; ADENOTONSILLECTOMY; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; BONE DEVELOPMENT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHILD; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CRANIOFACIAL MALFORMATION; DAYTIME SOMNOLENCE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENURESIS; HUMAN; HYPERACTIVITY; HYPERTENSION; LEARNING DISORDER; MANDIBULAR DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS; MOTONEURON; NERVE CONDUCTION; OBESITY; ORTHODONTIC DEVICE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; PREVALENCE; SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME; TONSIL DISEASE; TRACHEOSTOMY; TREATMENT INDICATION; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 79953723137     PISSN: 18106838     EISSN: 20734735     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1183/20734735.021810     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Isono S, Shimada A, Utsugi M, et al. Comparison of static mechanical properties of the passive pharynx between normal children and children with sleep-disordered breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157: 1204-1212.
2. Marcus CL, Katz ES, Lutz J, et al. Upper airway dynamic responses in children with the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Pediatr Res 2005; 57: 99-107.
3. Marcus CL, Moreira GA, Bamford O, et al. Response to inspiratory resistive loading during sleep in normal children and children with obstructive apnoea. J Appl Physiol 1999; 87: 1448-1454.
4. Iber C, Ancoli-Israel S, Chesson A, et al. The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications, 1st edition. Westchester. Illinois, Am Acad Sleep Med; 2007.
5. Goodwin JL, Kaemingk KL, Mulvaney SA, et al. Clinical Screening of School Children for Polysomnography to Detect Sleep-Disordered Breathing-the Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnoea Study (TuCASA). J Clin Sleep Med 2005; 1: 247-254.
6. Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Lin HM, et al. Sleep disordered breathing in children in a general population sample: prevalence and risk factors. Sleep 2009; 32: 731-736.
7. Lumeng JC, Chervin RD. Epidemiology of pediatric obstructive sleep apnoea. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5: 242-252.
8. Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Lin HM, et al. Blood pressure associated with sleep-disordered breathing in a population sample of children. Hypertension 2008; 52: 841-846.
9. Dayyat E, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Sans Capdevila O, et al. Obstructive sleep apnoea in children: relative contributions of body mass index and adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Chest 2009; 136: 137-144.
10. Marcus CL, Omlin KJ, Basinki DJ, et al. Normal polysomnographic values for children and adolescents. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146: 1235-1239.
11. American Thoracic Society. Cardiorespiratory sleep studies in children. Establishment of normative data and polysomnographic predictors of morbidity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 1381-1387.
12. Montgomery-Downs HE, O'Brien LM, et al. Polysomnographic characteristics in normal preschool and early schoolaged children. Pediatrics 2006; 117: 741-753.
13. Verhulst SL, Schrauwen N, Haentjens D, et al. Reference values for sleep-related respiratory variables in asymptomatic European children and adolescents. Pediatr Pulmonol 2007; 42: 159-167.
14. Tapia IE, Karamessinis L, Bandla P, et al. Polysomnographic values in children undergoing puberty: pediatric vs. adult respiratory rules in adolescents. Sleep 2008; 31: 1737-1744.
15. Goodwin JL, Kaemingk KL, Fregosi RF, et al. Clinical outcomes associated with sleep-disordered breathing in Caucasian and Hispanic children - the Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnoea study (TuCASA). Sleep 2003; 26: 587-591.
16. Lavie L. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome - an oxidative stress disorder. Sleep Med Rev 2003; 7: 35-51.
17. Larkin EK, Rosen CL, Kirchner HL, et al. Variation of C-reactive protein levels in adolescents: association with sleepdisordered breathing and sleep duration. Circulation 2005; 111: 1978-1984.
18. Tauman R, O'Brien LM, Gozal D. Hypoxemia and obesity modulate plasma C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels in sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep Breath 2007; 11: 77-84.
19. Kaditis A, Gozal D, Snow AB, et al. Uric acid excretion in North American and Southeast European children with obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep Med 2010; 11: 489-493.
20. Verhulst SL, Van Hoeck K, Schrauwen N, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and uric acid in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Chest 2007; 132: 76-80.
21. Aljadeff G, Gozal D, Schechtman VL, et al. Heart rate variability in children with obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep 1997; 20: 151-157.
22. Kaditis AG, Alexopoulos EI, Damani E, et al. Urine levels of catecholamines in Greek children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing. Pediatr Pulmonol 2009; 44: 38-45.
23. Bratel T, Wennlund A, Carlstrom K. Pituitary reactivity, androgens and catecholamines in obstructive sleep apnoea. Effects of continuous positive airway pressure treatment (CPAP). Respir Med 1999; 93: 1-7.
24. Spiegel K, Knutson K, Leproult R, et al. Sleep loss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol 2005; 99: 2008-2019.
25. Flint J, Kothare SV, Zihlif M, et al. Association between inadequate sleep and insulin resistance in obese children. J Pediatr 2007; 150: 364-369.
26. Verhulst SL, Schrauwen N, Haentjens D, et al. Sleep duration and metabolic dysregulation in overweight children and adolescents. Arch Dis Child 2008; 93: 89-90.
27. Owens JA. Neurocognitive and behavioral impact of sleep disordered breathing in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2009; 44: 417-422.
28. Gozal D, Pope DW Jr. Snoring during early childhood and academic performance at ages thirteen to fourteen years. Pediatrics 2001; 107: 1394-1399.
29. Gozal D. Sleep-disordered breathing and school performance in children. Pediatrics 1998; 102: 616-620.
30. Halbower AC, Degaonkar M, Barker PB, et al. Childhood obstructive sleep apnoea associates with neuropsychological deficits and neuronal brain injury. PLoS Med 2006; 3: e301.
31. Chervin RD, Ruzicka DL, Giordani BJ, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing, behavior, and cognition in children before and after adenotonsillectomy. Pediatrics 2006; 117: e769-e778.
32. Redline S, Storfer-Isser A, Rosen CL, et al. Association between metabolic syndrome and sleep disordered breathing in adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176: 401-408.
33. Verhulst SL, Schrauwen N, Haentjens D, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and the metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr 2007; 150: 608-612.
34. Waters KA, Mast BT, Vella S, et al. Structural equation modeling of sleep apnoea, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction in children. J Sleep Res 2007; 16: 388-395.
35. Alexopoulos EI, Gletsou E, Kostadima E, et al. Effects of obstructive sleep apnoea severity on serum lipid levels in Greek children with snoring. Sleep Breath 2010; DOI: 10.1007/s11325-010-0410-z.
36. Tauman R, O'Brien LM, Ivanenko A, et al. Obesity rather than severity of sleep-disordered breathing as the major determinant of insulin resistance and altered lipidemia in snoring children. Pediatrics 2005; 116: e66-e73.
37. Dubern B, Tounian P, Medjadhi N, et al. Pulmonary function and sleep-related breathing disorders in severely obese children. Clin Nutr 2006; 25: 803-809.
38. Kaditis AG, Alexopoulos EI, Damani E, et al. Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing and fasting insulin levels in nonobese children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2005; 40: 515-523.
39. Apostolidou MT, Alexopoulos EI, Damani E, et al. Absence of blood pressure, metabolic, and inflammatory marker changes after adenotonsillectomy for sleep apnoea in Greek children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2008; 43: 550-560.
40. Waters KA, Sitha S, O'Brien L M, et al. Follow-up on metabolic markers in children treated for obstructive sleep apnoea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174: 455-460.
41. Gozal D, Capdevila OS, Kheirandish-Gozal L. Metabolic alterations and systemic inflammation in obstructive sleep apnoea among nonobese and obese prepubertal children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177: 1142-1149.
42. Marcus CL, Greene MG, Carroll JL. Blood pressure in children with obstructive sleep apnoea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157: 1098-1103.
43. Amin R, Somers VK, McConnell K, et al. Activity-adjusted 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and cardiac remodeling in children with sleep disordered breathing. Hypertension 2008; 51: 84-91.
44. Amin RS, Kimball TR, Bean JA, et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy and abnormal ventricular geometry in children and adolescents with obstructive sleep apnoea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: 1395-1399.
45. Kaditis AG, Alexopoulos EI, Dalapascha M, et al. Cardiac systolic function in Greek children with obstructive sleepdisordered breathing. Sleep Med 2010; 11: 406-412.
46. Amin RS, Kimball TR, Kalra M, et al. Left ventricular function in children with sleep-disordered breathing. Am J Cardiol 2005; 95: 801-804.
47. Bonuck KA, Freeman K, Henderson J. Growth and growth biomarker changes after adenotonsillectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child 2009; 94: 83-91.
48. Brouillette RT, Fernbach SK, Hunt CE. Obstructive sleep apnoea in infants and children. J Pediatr 1982; 100: 31-40.
49. Soultan Z, Wadowski S, Rao M, et al. Effect of treating obstructive sleep apnoea by tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy on obesity in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999; 153: 33-37.
50. Wijga AH, Scholtens S, Wieringa MH, et al. Adenotonsillectomy and the development of overweight. Pediatrics 2009; 123: 1095-1101.
51. Bar A, Tarasiuk A, Segev Y, et al. The effect of adenotonsillectomy on serum insulin-like growth factor-I and growth in children with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. J Pediatr 1999; 135: 76-80.
52. Nieminen P, Lopponen T, Tolonen U, et al. Growth and biochemical markers of growth in children with snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea. Pediatrics 2002; 109: e55.
53. Marcus CL, Carroll JL, Koerner CB, et al. Determinants of growth in children with the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. J Pediatr 1994; 125: 556-562.
54. Suen JS, Arnold JE, Brooks LJ. Adenotonsillectomy for treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in children. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995; 121: 525-530.
55. Li AM, Au CT, Ho C, et al. Blood pressure is elevated in children with primary snoring. J Pediatr 2009; 155: 362-368.
56. Goodwin JL, Vasquez MM, Silva GE, et al. Incidence and remission of sleep-disordered breathing and related symptoms in 6- to 17-year old children-the Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnoea Study. J Pediatr 2010; 157: 57-61.
57. Bower CM, Richmond D. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in patients with Down syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1995; 33: 141-148.
58. Melacini P, Vianello A, Villanova C, et al. Cardiac and respiratory involvement in advanced stage Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 1996; 6: 367-376.
59. Jacobs IN, Teague WG, Bland JW Jr. Pulmonary vascular complications of chronic airway obstruction in children. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 123: 700-704.
60. Jacobs IN, Gray RF, Todd NW. Upper airway obstruction in children with Down syndrome. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996; 122: 945-950.
61. Villa MP, Bernkopf E, Pagani J, et al. Randomized controlled study of an oral jaw-positioning appliance for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in children with malocclusion. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: 123-127.
62. Amonoo-Kuofi K, Phillips SP, Randhawa PS, et al. Adenotonsillectomy for sleep-disordered breathing in children with syndromic craniosynostosis. J Craniofac Surg 2009; 20: 1978-1980.
63. Bhattacharjee R, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Spruyt K, et al. Adenotonsillectomy outcomes in treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in children: a multicenter retrospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182: 676-683.
64. Costa DJ, Mitchell R. Adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea in obese children: a meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 140: 455-460.
65. Magardino TM, Tom LW. Surgical management of obstructive sleep apnoea in children with cerebral palsy. Laryngoscope 1999; 109: 1611-1615.
66. Mitchell RB, Boss EF. Pediatric obstructive sleep apnoea in obese and normal-weight children: impact of adenotonsillectomy on quality-of-life and behavior. Dev Neuropsychol 2009; 34: 650-661.
67. Powell SM, Tremlett M, Bosman DA. Quality of life of children with sleep-disordered breathing treated with adenotonsillectomy. J Laryngol Otol 2010; 27: 1-6.
68. Alexopoulos E KA, Kalampouka E, Kostadima E, et al. Nasal budesonide ameliorates symptoms and polysomnography findings in children with chronic nasal obstruction and mild sleep-disordered breathing. Eur Respir J 2003; 22: 391S.
69. Basha S, Bialowas C, Ende K, et al. Effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy in the resolution of nocturnal enuresis secondary to obstructive sleep apnoea. Laryngoscope 2005; 115: 1101-1103.
70. Weissbach A, Leiberman A, Tarasiuk A, et al. Adenotonsilectomy improves enuresis in children with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2006; 70: 1351-1356.
71. Ng DK, Wong JC, Chan CH, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure before and after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep Med 2010; 11: 721-725.
72. Mucklow ES. Obstructive sleep apnoea causing severe pulmonary hypertension reversed by emergency tonsillectomy. Br J Clin Pract 1989; 43: 260-263.
73. Mitchell RB, Kelly J. Child behavior after adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Laryngoscope 2005; 115: 2051-2055.
74. Friedman BC, Hendeles-Amitai A, Kozminsky E, et al. Adenotonsillectomy improves neurocognitive function in children with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Sleep 2003; 26: 999-1005.
75. Montgomery-Downs HE, Crabtree VM, et al. Cognition, sleep and respiration in at-risk children treated for obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 2005; 25: 336-342.
76. Tarasiuk A, Simon T, Tal A, et al. Adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome reduces health care utilization. Pediatrics 2004; 113: 351-356.
77. Brouillette RT, Manoukian JJ, Ducharme FM, et al. Efficacy of fluticasone nasal spray for pediatric obstructive sleep apnoea. J Pediatr 2001; 138: 838-844.
78. Goldbart AD, Goldman JL, Veling MC, et al. Leukotriene modifier therapy for mild sleep-disordered breathing in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172: 364-370.
79. Lim J, McKean M. Adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; CD003136.
80. Verhulst SL, Franckx H, Van Gaal L, et al. The effect of weight loss on sleep-disordered breathing in obese teenagers. Obesity 2009; 17: 1178-1183.
81. Waters KA, Everett FM, Bruderer JW, et al. Obstructive sleep apnoea: the use of nasal CPAP in 80 children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: 780-785.
82. Marcus CL, Rosen G, Ward SL, et al. Adherence to and effectiveness of positive airway pressure therapy in children with obstructive sleep apnoea. Pediatrics 2006; 117: e442-e451.
83. Carvalho FR, Lentini-Oliveira D, Machado MA, et al. Oral appliances and functional orthopaedic appliances for obstructive sleep apnoea in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; CD005520.
84. Steinbacher DM, Kaban LB, Troulis MJ. Mandibular advancement by distraction osteogenesis for tracheostomydependent children with severe micrognathia. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 63: 1072-1079.
85. Mathijssen I, Arnaud E, Marchac D, et al. Respiratory outcome of mid-face advancement with distraction: a comparison between Le Fort III and frontofacial monobloc. J Craniofac Surg 2006; 17: 880-882.