The Christianization of early Jewish Pseudepigrapha: The case of 3 Baruch

Journal for the Study of Judaism

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 416-444

  Harlow, Daniel C ^a  

^a CALVIN COLLEGE   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79953374347     PISSN: 00472212     EISSN: 15700631     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/157006301X00269     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Henk Jan de Jonge, Michael Knibb, Robert Kraft, David Satran, Jack Sanders, Bemdt Schaller, and Jan Willem van Henten. I would like especially to thank my respondent, Graham Stanton.
2. M.D. Herr, "Les raisons de la conservation des restes de la litt6rature juive de l'Epoque du Second Temple," in La fable apoctyphe I (Apocrypha; Le Champ des Apocryphes 1; ed. P. Geoltrain, et al.; Paris: Brepols, 1990) 219-30.
3. As in the case of his many contributions to the Jewish Encyclopedia.
4. Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament, ed. R.H. Charles (2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1913))
5. H.F.D. Sparks, ed., The Apocryphal Old Testament (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984))
6. J.H. Charlesworth, ed., The Old Testtmene Pseudepigrapha (2 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1983-85))
7. M.E. Stone and R.A. Kraft in RSR 14/2 (April 1988) 111-117.
8. M.E. Stone, "The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Pseudepigrapha," DSD 3 (1996) 270-95;
9. E.G. Chazon and M.E. Stone, eds., Pseudepigraphic Perspectives: The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Proceedings of the International Symposium of the Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Associated Literature, 12-14 January 1997 (STDJ 31; Leiden: Brill, 1999);
10. P.W. Flint, "'Apocrypha,' Other Previously Known Writings, and 'Pseudepigrapha' in the Dead Sea Scrolls," in The Dead Sea Scrolls after Fifty Years: A Comprehensive Assessment, vol. 2, ed. P.W. Flint andJ.C. VanderKam (Leiden: Brill, 1999) 24-66.
11. M. de Jonge, "The So-called Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament and Early Christianity," in The New Testament and Hellenistic Judaism, ed. P. Borgen and S. Liversen (Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 1995) 59-71;
12. idem, "The Transmission of the Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs by Christians," VC 47 (1993) 1-28;
13. M.E. Stone, "Categorization and Classificatton of Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha," Ah Nahrain 24 (1986) 167-77;
14. idem, Selected Studies in Pseudepigrapha and Apocrypha, with Special Reference to the Armenian Tradition (SVTP 9; Leiden: Brill, 1991p)
15. R.A. Kraft, "The Pseudepigrapha in Christianity," in Tracing the Threads: Studies in the Vitality of Jewish Pseudepigraphap ed. J.C. Reeves (SBLEJL 6; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1994) 174-99.
16. Beginning with M. de Jonge, The Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs: A Study of Theii Text, Composition and Origii (Assen: Van Gorcum, 1953).
17. D. Satran, Biblical Prophets in Byzantine Palestine: Reassessing the Lives of the Prophets (SVTP 11; Leiden: Brill, 1995))
18. M.E. Stone, "Methodological Issues in the Study of the Text of the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha, in Selected Studies, 124-30.
19. D.C. Harlow, The Greee Apocalypse of Baruch (3 Baruchh in Hellenistic Judaism and Early Christianity (SVTP 12; Leiden: Brill, 1996))
20. JJ. Collins, The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to Jewish Apocalyptic Literature (2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998))
21. M. Himmelfarb, Ascenn to Heavee in Jewish and Christian Apocalypses (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993))
22. Harlow, Greee Apocalypse of Baruchh 34-76 (Chapter 2, "The Integrity of the Ending").
23. J.C. Picard, Apocalypsis Baruchh Graece (PVTG 2; Leiden: Brill, 1967))
24. H. Gaylord, "The Slavonic Version of III Baruch" (Dissertation, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1983).
25. Gaylord, "The Slavonic Version of III Baruch";
26. idem, "3 (Greek) Apocalypse of Baruch: A New Translation and Introduction," in 77K Old Testament Pseudepigraphap vol. 1: Apocalyptic Literature and Testaments, ed. J.H. Charlesworth (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1983) 653-55.
27. B. Philonenko-Sayarr "La version slave de l'Apocalypse de Baruch," in La litterature intertestamentaire: Collogue de Strasbourg, 17-19 octobre 1983 (Paris: Press Universitaires de France, 1985) 89-97
28. The Fate of the Dead: Studies on the Jewish and Christian Apocalypses (NovTSup 93; Leiden: Brill, 1998) 66-69, 79, 85.
29. Picard, Apocalypsis Baruchl Graece, 61-96.
30. J.C. Picard, "Observations sur 1'Apocalypse grecque de Baruch I: Cadre historique fictif et efficaciie symbolique," Semitica 20 (1970) 77-103;
31. idem, "Trajets du corps, trajets c6lestes: Elements d'une cosmologie mystique juive," in Moise Geograpke: Recherches sur les representations juiues et chretiennes de l'espace, ed. A. Desreumaux and F. Schmidt (Paris: Vrin, 1988) 31-54;
32. idem, '"Je te montrerai d'autres mysteres plus grands que ceux-ci . . .': Notes sur 3 Bar et quelques crits apparentes," in Histoire et Anthropobgie des communautes juives et chretiennes dans les socutes anciennes (Canal 8; Paris: Centre de recherches de l'École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 1991) 17-40.
33. U. Fischer, Eschatologie und enseitserwartung im hellenistischen Diasporajudentum (BZNW 44; Berlin: de Gruyter, 1978) 71-84.
34. M.R. James, "The Apocalypse of Baruch," in Apocrypha Anecdota, vol. 2 (TextsS 5.1; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1897) li-lxxii
35. idem, "Notes on Apocrypha," JTS 16 (1915) 403-13.
36. J.P. Rohland, Der Erzengel Michael: Arzt und Feldherr: ^wei Aspekte des nor-und frühbyzanUnischen Michaelkultes (BZRGG 19; Leiden: Brill, 1977) 50-74.
37. Harlow, The Greee Apocalypse of Baruchh 77-86.
38. R.A. Kraft, "Reassessing the Recensional Problem in Testament of Abraham," in Studies on the Testament of Abraham, ed. G.W.E. Nickelsburg (SBLSCS 6; Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press, 1976) 136;
39. M.E. Stone, A Historr of the Adam and Eve Literature (SBLEJL 3; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1992) 57-58.
40. James, "The Apocalypse of Baruch";
41. L. Ginzberg, "Baruch, Apocalypse of (Greek), in The Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 2; ed. I. Singer (New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1902) 549-51.
42. Stone, History of the Adam and Eve Literature, 58
43. P. Bogaert, "Les Paralipomena Jeremiae et l'Apocalypse Syriaque de Baruch," in L'Apocalypse se Baruchh vol. 1 (SC 144; Paris: Cerf, 1969) 177-221;
44. M. Philonenko, "Simples observations sur les Parahpomenes de Jeremie," RHPR 76 (1996) 157-77.
45. J. Herzer, "Paralipomena Jeremiae: eine christlich-gnostische Schrift?" JSJ 30 (1999) 25-39.
46. G. Delling, judische Lehre and Frommigkeit in den Paralipomena Jeremiae (BZAW 100; Berlin: Topelmann, 1967))
47. J. Herzer, Die Paralipomena Jeremiae: Studaen zur Tradition und Redaktion einer Haggada des fruhen Judentum (TSAJ 43; Tübingen: Mohr-Siebeck, 1994))
48. B. Schaller, Paralipomena Jeremiae (JSHRZ 1.8; Giitersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshauss 1998))
49. Harlow, Greee Apocalypse of Baruch, 90-96.
50. J J. Collins, Between Athens and Jerusalem: Jewish Identity in the Hellenistic Diasporr (2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000) 259.
51. Harlow, Greek Apocalypse of Baruch, 157-62.
52. G.W.H. Lampe, "A.D. 70 in Christian Reflection," in Jesus and the Politics of His Day, ed. E. Bammel and C.F.D. Moule (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984) 153-71.
53. Himmelfarb, review of The Creek Apocalypse of Baruch (3 Baruchh in Hellenistic Judaism and Early Christianity, by Daniel C. Harlow, in Revhiw of Biblical Literature [http://www.bookreviews.org] (1998))
54. "Introduction" in The Jewish and Apocalyptic Heritage in Early Christianity, ed. J.C. VanderKam and W. Adler (CRINT 3.4; Assen: Van Gorcum; Minneapolis: Fortress, 1996) 27.
55. M. Mach, "From Apocalypticism to Early Jewish Mysticism in The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, 77K Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity, ed. John J. Collins (New York: Continuum, 1998) 252-53.
56. Harlow, Greee Apocalypse of Baruch, 107, 126-31, 139-40, 146, 155-56.
57. I owe this analogy to Collins, Between Athens and Jerusalem, 259.
58. W. Leslau, Falasha Anthology: The Black Jews of Ethiopii (Yale Judaica Series 6; New Haven: Yale Universiiy Press, 1951; rpt. New York: Schocken, 1969) 57-76, 162-72.
59. M. Himmelfarb, Tours of HelL An Apocalyptic Form in Jewish and Christian Literature (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985) 21-23.
60. Himmelfarb, Tours of Hell, 21.
61. M.R. James, "The Apocalypse of Baruch," lxiv-vii
62. R. van den Broek, The Myth of the Phoenix according to Classical and Early Christian Traditions (EPRO 24; Leiden: Brill, 1972) 272.
63. Pace H. Gaylord, "3 (Greek Apocalypse of) Baruch," 656;
64. Gaylord, "Slavonic Version of III Baruch," 20;
65. idem, "3 (Greek Apocalypse of) Baruch," 656, n. 14.
66. E. Turdeanu, "L'Apocalypse de Baruch en Slave," Revue des itudes slavee 48 (1969) 23-48 (esp. 36-38, 44-48)
67. reprinted in his Apoayphes slaves et roumains de VAncien Testament (SVTP 5; Leiden: Brill, 1981) 364-91.
68. P.-M. Bogaert, "La nom Baruch dans la litt6rature pseudepigraphique: L'apocalypse syriaque et le livre deut6rocanique," in La litterature juwe entre Tenach ht Mischna: Quelques problemese ed. W.C. van Unnik (RechBib 9; Leiden: Brill, 1971) 56-72;
69. H. Schmid, "Baruch und die ihm zugeschriebene apockryphe und pseudepigraphische Literatur," Judaica 30 (1974) 54-70.
70. J.E. Wright, "Baruch: His Evolution from Scribe to Apocalypt)c Seer," in Biblical Figures Outride the Biblee ed. M.E. Stone and T.A. Bergren (Harrisburg, Penn.: Trinity Press International, 1998) 264-89.
71. H. Schmid and W. Speyer, "Baruch: Nachtrage zum Reallexikonn fur Antike und Christentum (RAC))" JAG 17 (1974) 185, 189.
72. Book of the Bee 36, in E.A.W. Budge, ed., Anecdota Oxoniensia (Oxford: Clarendon, 1886))
73. MR. James, The Lost Apocrypha of the Old Testament: Their Titles and Fragments (London: SPCK, 1920) 79;
74. idem, "Apocalypse of Baruch," liv.
75. Cyprian, Testimonia 3.29 (CCL 3.123-24))
76. James, Lost Apoaypha, 77-78.
77. Evagrius, Altcrcatio (CSEL 45.18-19))
78. M.R.James (Loss Apocrypha, 78-79)
79. Optatus, On the Donatist Schiim 7.1 (CSEL 26.162-63))
80. W. Speyer, "Bucher-vernichtung," JAC 13 (1970) 123-52, esp. 137-40, 148.
81. Pseudo-Didymuss De trinitate 1.27 (PG 39.397).
82. Hippolytus, Ref. 5.23-27 (GCS 3.125-33))
83. James, Apocrypha Anecdota, vol. 2, xxxiii-xxxv;
84. S.P. Lampros, Catalogue of the Codices in the Monastery of the Hagia at Androo [in Greek] (Athens: Mai'sner and Kargadoure, 1898) 47-50.
85. Morton Smith, "On the History of AIIOKAAYnTQ and AriOKAAWII," in Apocalypticism in the Mediterranean World and the Near East, ed. D. Hellholm (Tübingen: Mohr-Siebeck, 1983) 9-20, esp. p. 19.
86. Harlow, Greee Apocalypse of Baruchh 183 and n. 70;
87. F. Halkin, Auctarium: Bibliothecae Haiographkae Graecc (Subsidia Hagiogramca 47; Brussells Bollandist Society, 1969))
88. Matt. 1:23; Ignatius, To the Ephesians 1:l.
89. Tertullian, Ad uxorem 2.31 (sanguine del).
90. Rohland, Der Erzengel Michael, 9-49 (esp. 22-25, 55-57);
91. G.W.H. Lampe, A Patristic Greee Lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon, 1961) 1105b (s.v. pneu-matikoo D.8.d.iii-iv).
92. Justin, Dialoguu witli Trypho tlie Jew 102.
93. Theophilus, To Autolycus 2.3;
94. Tertullian, Against Praxeas 16.
95. Ephrem, Evangelium Concordans (Diatessaron) 14.2; cf. Hymn of the Nativity 1.44.
96. T. Kronholm, Motifs from Genesis 1-11 in the Genuine Hymns of Ephrem tlie Syrian with Special Reference to Jewish Exegetical Tradition (ConBOT 11l Lund: Gleerup, 1978) 211-12.
97. Origen, Agaenst Celsus 5.26-33.
98. van den Broek, Myth of the Phoenix, 31-43, 119-32.
99. James, "Apocalypss of Baruch," lxix. Such a depiction, not unknown in Jewish tradition, is found in Christian texts like the Byzantine Disputatio Panagiotae cum Azymita and St. Brandoa's Voyage.
100. Justin, Dialoguu with Tryphh 119;
101. Tertullian, Against Maroon 4.31.6;
102. Aphrahat, Demonstrations againss the Jews 12.509.27-511.99