메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 472-478

Spinal muscles can create compressive follower loads in the lumbar spine in a neutral standing posture

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Follower load; Spinal muscles; Spine

Indexed keywords

BACK MUSCLES; COMPRESSIVE LOADS; EXTERNAL LOADS; FOLLOWER LOADS; IN-VIVO; INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS; JOINT MOMENT; LOADING CONDITION; LUMBAR SPINES; MUSCLE FORCE; NUMERICAL STUDIES; OPTIMIZATION ANALYSIS; OPTIMUM LOCATION; OPTIMUM SOLUTION; SPINAL COLUMN; SPINAL MUSCLES; SPINE; STANDING POSTURE; STATIC MODEL; VERTEBRAL BODY;

EID: 79953294142     PISSN: 13504533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.11.014     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (47)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0005191085 scopus 로고
    • Loads on the lumbar spine and associated tissues
    • CRC Press, Boca Raton, V.K. Goel, J.N. Weinstein (Eds.)
    • McGill S. Loads on the lumbar spine and associated tissues. Biomechanics of the spine: clinical and surgical perspective 1990, 65-95. CRC Press, Boca Raton. V.K. Goel, J.N. Weinstein (Eds.).
    • (1990) Biomechanics of the spine: clinical and surgical perspective , pp. 65-95
    • McGill, S.1
  • 2
    • 0000368575 scopus 로고
    • Lumbar intradiscal pressure
    • Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, M.I.V. Jayson (Ed.)
    • Nachemson A. Lumbar intradiscal pressure. The lumbar spine and back pain 1987, 191-203. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. M.I.V. Jayson (Ed.).
    • (1987) The lumbar spine and back pain , pp. 191-203
    • Nachemson, A.1
  • 3
    • 0001191479 scopus 로고
    • Loads on the lumbar spine
    • Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, M.I.V. Jayson (Ed.)
    • Schultz A. Loads on the lumbar spine. The lumbar spine and back pain 1987, 204-214. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. M.I.V. Jayson (Ed.).
    • (1987) The lumbar spine and back pain , pp. 204-214
    • Schultz, A.1
  • 4
    • 0031060065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loads on an internal spinal fixation device during walking
    • Rohlmann A., Bergmann G., Graichen F. Loads on an internal spinal fixation device during walking. J Biomech 1997, 30:41-47.
    • (1997) J Biomech , vol.30 , pp. 41-47
    • Rohlmann, A.1    Bergmann, G.2    Graichen, F.3
  • 5
    • 0003873171 scopus 로고
    • University of California, Biomechanics Laboratory, San Francisco
    • Lucas D.B.B.B. Stability of the ligamentous spine 1961, University of California, Biomechanics Laboratory, San Francisco.
    • (1961) Stability of the ligamentous spine
    • Lucas, D.B.B.B.1
  • 7
    • 0026816659 scopus 로고
    • Euler stability of the human ligamentous spine. Part II: Experiment
    • Crisco J.J.P., Yamamoto M.M., Oxland I.T.R. Euler stability of the human ligamentous spine. Part II: Experiment. Clin Biomech 1992, 7:27-32.
    • (1992) Clin Biomech , vol.7 , pp. 27-32
    • Crisco, J.J.P.1    Yamamoto, M.M.2    Oxland, I.T.R.3
  • 8
    • 0033562385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A follower load increases the load-carrying capacity of the lumbar spine in compression
    • Patwardhan A.G., Havey R.M., Meade K.P., Lee B., Dunlap B. A follower load increases the load-carrying capacity of the lumbar spine in compression. Spine 1999, 24:1003-1009.
    • (1999) Spine , vol.24 , pp. 1003-1009
    • Patwardhan, A.G.1    Havey, R.M.2    Meade, K.P.3    Lee, B.4    Dunlap, B.5
  • 9
    • 0038066690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of compressive follower preload on the flexion-extension response of the human lumbar spine
    • Patwardhan A.G., Havey R.M., Carandang G., Simonds J., Voronov L.I., Ghanayem A.J., et al. Effect of compressive follower preload on the flexion-extension response of the human lumbar spine. J Orthop Res 2003, 21:540-546.
    • (2003) J Orthop Res , vol.21 , pp. 540-546
    • Patwardhan, A.G.1    Havey, R.M.2    Carandang, G.3    Simonds, J.4    Voronov, L.I.5    Ghanayem, A.J.6
  • 10
    • 0024539820 scopus 로고
    • The spine as an arch. A new mathematical model
    • Aspden R.M. The spine as an arch. A new mathematical model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1989, 14:266-274.
    • (1989) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.14 , pp. 266-274
    • Aspden, R.M.1
  • 11
    • 29444456951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of charite artificial disc on the implanted and adjacent spinal segments mechanics using a hybrid testing protocol
    • Goel V.K., Grauer J.N., Patel T., Biyani A., Sairyo K., Vishnubhotla S., et al. Effects of charite artificial disc on the implanted and adjacent spinal segments mechanics using a hybrid testing protocol. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005, 30:2755-2764.
    • (2005) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.30 , pp. 2755-2764
    • Goel, V.K.1    Grauer, J.N.2    Patel, T.3    Biyani, A.4    Sairyo, K.5    Vishnubhotla, S.6
  • 13
    • 33947589092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel model to analyze the effect of a large compressive follower pre-load on range of motions in a lumbar spine
    • Renner S.M., Natarajan R.N., Patwardhan A.G., Havey R.M., Voronov L.I., Guo B.Y., et al. Novel model to analyze the effect of a large compressive follower pre-load on range of motions in a lumbar spine. J Biomech 2007, 40:1326-1332.
    • (2007) J Biomech , vol.40 , pp. 1326-1332
    • Renner, S.M.1    Natarajan, R.N.2    Patwardhan, A.G.3    Havey, R.M.4    Voronov, L.I.5    Guo, B.Y.6
  • 14
    • 33645069934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of trunk muscle forces for flexion and extension by using a validated finite element model of the lumbar spine and measured in vivo data
    • Rohlmann A., Bauer L., Zander T., Bergmann G., Wilke H.J. Determination of trunk muscle forces for flexion and extension by using a validated finite element model of the lumbar spine and measured in vivo data. J Biomech 2006, 39:981-989.
    • (2006) J Biomech , vol.39 , pp. 981-989
    • Rohlmann, A.1    Bauer, L.2    Zander, T.3    Bergmann, G.4    Wilke, H.J.5
  • 15
    • 18044403388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of a follower load on intradiscal pressure and intersegmental rotation of the lumbar spine
    • Rohlmann A., Neller S., Claes L., Bergmann G., Wilke H.J. Influence of a follower load on intradiscal pressure and intersegmental rotation of the lumbar spine. Spine 2001, 26:E557-E561.
    • (2001) Spine , vol.26
    • Rohlmann, A.1    Neller, S.2    Claes, L.3    Bergmann, G.4    Wilke, H.J.5
  • 16
    • 0344118058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISSLS prize winner: a novel approach to determine trunk muscle forces during flexion and extension: a comparison of data from an in vitro experiment and in vivo measurements
    • Wilke H.J., Rohlmann A., Neller S., Graichen F., Claes L., Bergmann G. ISSLS prize winner: a novel approach to determine trunk muscle forces during flexion and extension: a comparison of data from an in vitro experiment and in vivo measurements. Spine 2003, 28:2585-2593.
    • (2003) Spine , vol.28 , pp. 2585-2593
    • Wilke, H.J.1    Rohlmann, A.2    Neller, S.3    Graichen, F.4    Claes, L.5    Bergmann, G.6
  • 17
    • 0034947532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A frontal plane model of the lumbar spine subjected to a follower load: implications for the role of muscles
    • Patwardhan A.G., Meade K.P., Lee B. A frontal plane model of the lumbar spine subjected to a follower load: implications for the role of muscles. J Biomech Eng 2001, 123:212-217.
    • (2001) J Biomech Eng , vol.123 , pp. 212-217
    • Patwardhan, A.G.1    Meade, K.P.2    Lee, B.3
  • 18
    • 0026735468 scopus 로고
    • The stabilizing system of the spine. Part I. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement
    • Panjabi M.M. The stabilizing system of the spine. Part I. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement. J Spinal Disord 1992, 5:383-389.
    • (1992) J Spinal Disord , vol.5 , pp. 383-389
    • Panjabi, M.M.1
  • 19
    • 0024529960 scopus 로고
    • Stability of the lumbar spine: a study in mechanical engineering
    • Bergmark A. Stability of the lumbar spine: a study in mechanical engineering. Acta Orthop Scand 1989, 60:1-54.
    • (1989) Acta Orthop Scand , vol.60 , pp. 1-54
    • Bergmark, A.1
  • 20
    • 0347628825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural behavior of human lumbar spinal motion segments
    • Gardner-Morse M.G., Stokes I.A. Structural behavior of human lumbar spinal motion segments. J Biomech 2004, 37:205-212.
    • (2004) J Biomech , vol.37 , pp. 205-212
    • Gardner-Morse, M.G.1    Stokes, I.A.2
  • 21
    • 0032441854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergy of the human spine in neutral postures
    • Kiefer A., Shirazi-Adl A., Parnianpour M. Synergy of the human spine in neutral postures. Eur Spine J 1998, 7:471-479.
    • (1998) Eur Spine J , vol.7 , pp. 471-479
    • Kiefer, A.1    Shirazi-Adl, A.2    Parnianpour, M.3
  • 22
    • 0036456254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle force evaluation and the role of posture in human lumbar spine under compression
    • Shirazi-Adl A., Sadouk S., Parnianpour M., Pop D., El-Rich M. Muscle force evaluation and the role of posture in human lumbar spine under compression. Eur Spine J 2002, 11:519-526.
    • (2002) Eur Spine J , vol.11 , pp. 519-526
    • Shirazi-Adl, A.1    Sadouk, S.2    Parnianpour, M.3    Pop, D.4    El-Rich, M.5
  • 23
    • 0029256475 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of muscle forces and joint load from an optimization and EMG assisted lumbar spine model: towards development of a hybrid approach
    • Cholewicki J., McGill S.M., Norman R.W. Comparison of muscle forces and joint load from an optimization and EMG assisted lumbar spine model: towards development of a hybrid approach. J Biomech 1995, 28:321-331.
    • (1995) J Biomech , vol.28 , pp. 321-331
    • Cholewicki, J.1    McGill, S.M.2    Norman, R.W.3
  • 24
    • 14844363715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle activity, internal loads, and stability of the human spine in standing postures: combined model and in vivo studies
    • El-Rich M., Shirazi-Adl A., Arjmand N. Muscle activity, internal loads, and stability of the human spine in standing postures: combined model and in vivo studies. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2004, 29:2633-2642.
    • (2004) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.29 , pp. 2633-2642
    • El-Rich, M.1    Shirazi-Adl, A.2    Arjmand, N.3
  • 25
    • 21344453287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal muscle forces, internal loads and stability in standing under various postures and loads-application of kinematics-based algorithm
    • Shirazi-Adl A., El-Rich M., Pop D.G., Parnianpour M. Spinal muscle forces, internal loads and stability in standing under various postures and loads-application of kinematics-based algorithm. Eur Spine J 2005, 14:381-392.
    • (2005) Eur Spine J , vol.14 , pp. 381-392
    • Shirazi-Adl, A.1    El-Rich, M.2    Pop, D.G.3    Parnianpour, M.4
  • 26
    • 0029239579 scopus 로고
    • Lumbar spine maximum efforts and muscle recruitment patterns predicted by a model with multijoint muscles and joints with stiffness
    • Stokes I.A., Gardner-Morse M. Lumbar spine maximum efforts and muscle recruitment patterns predicted by a model with multijoint muscles and joints with stiffness. J Biomech 1995, 28:173-186.
    • (1995) J Biomech , vol.28 , pp. 173-186
    • Stokes, I.A.1    Gardner-Morse, M.2
  • 27
    • 50049129920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of trunk muscles in generating follower load in the lumbar spine of neutral standing posture
    • Kim K., Kim Y.H. Role of trunk muscles in generating follower load in the lumbar spine of neutral standing posture. J Biomech Eng 2008, 130:041005.
    • (2008) J Biomech Eng , vol.130 , pp. 041005
    • Kim, K.1    Kim, Y.H.2
  • 28
    • 0034202463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geometrical dimensions of the lower lumbar vertebrae-analysis of data from digitised CT images
    • Zhou S.H., McCarthy I.D., McGregor A.H., Coombs R.R., Hughes S.P. Geometrical dimensions of the lower lumbar vertebrae-analysis of data from digitised CT images. Eur Spine J 2000, 9:242-248.
    • (2000) Eur Spine J , vol.9 , pp. 242-248
    • Zhou, S.H.1    McCarthy, I.D.2    McGregor, A.H.3    Coombs, R.R.4    Hughes, S.P.5
  • 29
    • 0021246950 scopus 로고
    • The applied anatomy of the thoracolumbar fascia
    • Bogduk N., Macintosh J.E. The applied anatomy of the thoracolumbar fascia. Spine 1984, 9:164-170.
    • (1984) Spine , vol.9 , pp. 164-170
    • Bogduk, N.1    Macintosh, J.E.2
  • 30
    • 0026864002 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and biomechanics of psoas major
    • Bogduk N., Pearcy M., Hadfield G. Anatomy and biomechanics of psoas major. Clin Biomech 1992, 7:109-119.
    • (1992) Clin Biomech , vol.7 , pp. 109-119
    • Bogduk, N.1    Pearcy, M.2    Hadfield, G.3
  • 31
    • 0026713986 scopus 로고
    • A universal model of the lumbar back muscles in the upright position
    • Bogduk N., Macintosh J.E., Pearcy M.J. A universal model of the lumbar back muscles in the upright position. Spine 1992, 17:897-913.
    • (1992) Spine , vol.17 , pp. 897-913
    • Bogduk, N.1    Macintosh, J.E.2    Pearcy, M.J.3
  • 33
    • 0022818301 scopus 로고
    • The biomechanics of the lumbar multifidus
    • Macintosh J.E., Bogduk N. The biomechanics of the lumbar multifidus. Clin Biomech 1986, 1:205-213.
    • (1986) Clin Biomech , vol.1 , pp. 205-213
    • Macintosh, J.E.1    Bogduk, N.2
  • 34
    • 0023413940 scopus 로고
    • 1987 Volvo award in basic science. The morphology of the lumbar erector spinae
    • Macintosh J.E., Bogduk N. 1987 Volvo award in basic science. The morphology of the lumbar erector spinae. Spine 1987, 12:658-668.
    • (1987) Spine , vol.12 , pp. 658-668
    • Macintosh, J.E.1    Bogduk, N.2
  • 35
    • 0025999113 scopus 로고
    • The attachments of the lumbar erector spinae
    • Macintosh J.E., Bogduk N. The attachments of the lumbar erector spinae. Spine 1991, 16:783-792.
    • (1991) Spine , vol.16 , pp. 783-792
    • Macintosh, J.E.1    Bogduk, N.2
  • 36
    • 0023939170 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the trunk musculature of active males using CT scan radiography: implications for force and moment generating capacity about the L4/L5 joint
    • McGill S.M., Patt N., Norman R.W. Measurement of the trunk musculature of active males using CT scan radiography: implications for force and moment generating capacity about the L4/L5 joint. J Biomech 1988, 21:329-341.
    • (1988) J Biomech , vol.21 , pp. 329-341
    • McGill, S.M.1    Patt, N.2    Norman, R.W.3
  • 37
    • 0012460108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of the Spine
    • Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, [chapter 1], H.S. An (Ed.)
    • An H.S. Anatomy of the Spine. Principles and techniques of spine surgery 1998, 1-29. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, [chapter 1]. H.S. An (Ed.).
    • (1998) Principles and techniques of spine surgery , pp. 1-29
    • An, H.S.1
  • 39
    • 0342295563 scopus 로고
    • The musculature of the back
    • Springer, [chapter 4], J. Rickenbacher (Ed.)
    • Rickenbacher J. The musculature of the back. Applied anatomy of the back 1985, 54-100. Springer, [chapter 4]. J. Rickenbacher (Ed.).
    • (1985) Applied anatomy of the back , pp. 54-100
    • Rickenbacher, J.1
  • 41
    • 0034911733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lumbar spinal muscle activation synergies predicted by multi-criteria cost function
    • Stokes I.A., Gardner-Morse M. Lumbar spinal muscle activation synergies predicted by multi-criteria cost function. J Biomech 2001, 34:733-740.
    • (2001) J Biomech , vol.34 , pp. 733-740
    • Stokes, I.A.1    Gardner-Morse, M.2
  • 42
    • 0013613241 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the internal mechanism of the spine in static and dynamic loading postures using optimization technique
    • Ph.D., The University of Iowa, Iowa City
    • Han JS Analysis of the internal mechanism of the spine in static and dynamic loading postures using optimization technique. Biomedical Engineering 1991, 343. Ph.D., The University of Iowa, Iowa City.
    • (1991) Biomedical Engineering , pp. 343
    • Han, J.S.1
  • 43
    • 0035216302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female and male trunk geometry: size and prediction of the spine loading trunk muscles derived from MRI
    • Marras W.S., Jorgensen M.J., Granata K.P., Wiand B. Female and male trunk geometry: size and prediction of the spine loading trunk muscles derived from MRI. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2001, 16:38-46.
    • (2001) Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) , vol.16 , pp. 38-46
    • Marras, W.S.1    Jorgensen, M.J.2    Granata, K.P.3    Wiand, B.4
  • 44
    • 0014957046 scopus 로고
    • New dimensions in legal and ethical concepts for human research. 2. Special problems of medical disciplines. Psychiatry: methods and processes for investigation of drugs
    • Alexander L. New dimensions in legal and ethical concepts for human research. 2. Special problems of medical disciplines. Psychiatry: methods and processes for investigation of drugs. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1970, 169:344-350.
    • (1970) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.169 , pp. 344-350
    • Alexander, L.1
  • 45
    • 0019569659 scopus 로고
    • Relative tension and potential excursion of muscles in the forearm and hand
    • Brand P.W., Beach R.B., Thompson D.E. Relative tension and potential excursion of muscles in the forearm and hand. J Hand Surg [Am] 1981, 6:209-219.
    • (1981) J Hand Surg [Am] , vol.6 , pp. 209-219
    • Brand, P.W.1    Beach, R.B.2    Thompson, D.E.3
  • 46
    • 0024916028 scopus 로고
    • Physiological considerations of muscle force through the elbow joint
    • An K.N., Kaufman K.R., Chao E.Y. Physiological considerations of muscle force through the elbow joint. J Biomech 1989, 22:1249-1256.
    • (1989) J Biomech , vol.22 , pp. 1249-1256
    • An, K.N.1    Kaufman, K.R.2    Chao, E.Y.3
  • 47
    • 84938035128 scopus 로고
    • Absolute muscle force in the ankle flexors of man
    • Haxton H.A. Absolute muscle force in the ankle flexors of man. J Physiol 1944, 103:267-273.
    • (1944) J Physiol , vol.103 , pp. 267-273
    • Haxton, H.A.1
  • 48
    • 0014365191 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of muscle strength per unit cross-sectional area of human muscle by means of ultrasonic measurement
    • Ikai M., Fukunaga T. Calculation of muscle strength per unit cross-sectional area of human muscle by means of ultrasonic measurement. Int Z Angew Physiol 1968, 26:26-32.
    • (1968) Int Z Angew Physiol , vol.26 , pp. 26-32
    • Ikai, M.1    Fukunaga, T.2
  • 49
    • 0025881559 scopus 로고
    • Physiological prediction of muscle forces-I. Theoretical formulation
    • Kaufman K.R., An K.W., Litchy W.J., Chao E.Y. Physiological prediction of muscle forces-I. Theoretical formulation. Neuroscience 1991, 40:781-792.
    • (1991) Neuroscience , vol.40 , pp. 781-792
    • Kaufman, K.R.1    An, K.W.2    Litchy, W.J.3    Chao, E.Y.4
  • 50
    • 0023692164 scopus 로고
    • Instantaneous axes of rotation of the lumbar intervertebral joints
    • Pearcy M.J., Bogduk N. Instantaneous axes of rotation of the lumbar intervertebral joints. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1988, 13:1033-1041.
    • (1988) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.13 , pp. 1033-1041
    • Pearcy, M.J.1    Bogduk, N.2
  • 53
    • 0025943766 scopus 로고
    • Lumbar spine loads during the lifting of extremely heavy weights
    • Cholewicki J., McGill S.M., Norman R.W. Lumbar spine loads during the lifting of extremely heavy weights. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1991, 23:1179-1186.
    • (1991) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.23 , pp. 1179-1186
    • Cholewicki, J.1    McGill, S.M.2    Norman, R.W.3
  • 54
    • 0019378565 scopus 로고
    • Disc pressure measurements
    • Nachemson A.L. Disc pressure measurements. Spine 1981, 6:93-97.
    • (1981) Spine , vol.6 , pp. 93-97
    • Nachemson, A.L.1
  • 55
    • 73749085419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of obesity and gender on body segment parameters in older adults
    • [epub ahead of print]
    • Chambers A.J., Sukits A.L., McCrory J.L., Cham R. The effect of obesity and gender on body segment parameters in older adults. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2010, [epub ahead of print].
    • (2010) Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)
    • Chambers, A.J.1    Sukits, A.L.2    McCrory, J.L.3    Cham, R.4
  • 56
    • 37249092458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ex vivo measurement of lumbar intervertebral disc pressure using fibre-Bragg gratings
    • Dennison C.R., Wild P.M., Byrnes P.W., Saari A., Itshayek E., Wilson D.C., et al. Ex vivo measurement of lumbar intervertebral disc pressure using fibre-Bragg gratings. J Biomech 2008, 41:221-225.
    • (2008) J Biomech , vol.41 , pp. 221-225
    • Dennison, C.R.1    Wild, P.M.2    Byrnes, P.W.3    Saari, A.4    Itshayek, E.5    Wilson, D.C.6
  • 57
    • 0026751015 scopus 로고
    • Internal intervertebral disc mechanics as revealed by stress profilometry
    • McNally D.S., Adams M.A. Internal intervertebral disc mechanics as revealed by stress profilometry. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1992, 17:66-73.
    • (1992) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.17 , pp. 66-73
    • McNally, D.S.1    Adams, M.A.2
  • 58
    • 1842355772 scopus 로고
    • Lumbar intradiscal pressure. Experimental studies on post-mortem material
    • Nachemson A. Lumbar intradiscal pressure. Experimental studies on post-mortem material. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 1960, 43:1-104.
    • (1960) Acta Orthop Scand Suppl , vol.43 , pp. 1-104
    • Nachemson, A.1
  • 59
    • 67649491098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying a follower load delivers realistic results for simulating standing
    • Rohlmann A., Zander T., Rao M., Bergmann G. Applying a follower load delivers realistic results for simulating standing. J Biomech 2009, 42:1520-1526.
    • (2009) J Biomech , vol.42 , pp. 1520-1526
    • Rohlmann, A.1    Zander, T.2    Rao, M.3    Bergmann, G.4
  • 60
    • 51049097011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of axial load on the sagittal plane curvature of the upright human spine in vivo
    • Meakin J.R., Smith F.W., Gilbert F.J., Aspden R.M. The effect of axial load on the sagittal plane curvature of the upright human spine in vivo. J Biomech 2008, 41:2850-2854.
    • (2008) J Biomech , vol.41 , pp. 2850-2854
    • Meakin, J.R.1    Smith, F.W.2    Gilbert, F.J.3    Aspden, R.M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.