메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 68, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 602-618

Exploring the land-ocean contrast in convective vigor using Islands

Author keywords

Continental forcing; Convection; Heating; Mesoscale processes; Microwave observations; Trends

Indexed keywords

CONTINENTAL FORCING; CONVECTION; MESOSCALE PROCESS; MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS; TRENDS;

EID: 79953219779     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2010JAS3558.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 3843138534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cumulus parameterization problem: Past, present, and future
    • Arakawa, A., 2004: The cumulus parameterization problem: Past, present, and future. J. Climate, 17, 2493-2525.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 2493-2525
    • Arakawa, A.1
  • 2
    • 0030480038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional numerical study of shallow convective clouds and precipitation induced by land surface forcing
    • Avissar, R., and Y. Liu, 1996: Three-dimensional numerical study of shallow convective clouds and precipitation induced by land surface forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 7499-7518.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 7499-7518
    • Avissar, R.1    Liu, Y.2
  • 3
    • 33646440456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rain reevaporation, boundary layer-convection interactions, and Pacific rainfall patterns in an AGCM
    • Bacmeister, J. T., M. J. Suarez, and F. R. Robertson, 2006: Rain reevaporation, boundary layer-convection interactions, and Pacific rainfall patterns in an AGCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 3383-3403.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 3383-3403
    • Bacmeister, J.T.1    Suarez, M.J.2    Robertson, F.R.3
  • 4
    • 67349282406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proximity soundings for severe convection for Europe and the United States from reanalysis data
    • Brooks, H. E., 2009: Proximity soundings for severe convection for Europe and the United States from reanalysis data. Atmos. Res., 93, 546-553.
    • (2009) Atmos. Res. , vol.93 , pp. 546-553
    • Brooks, H.E.1
  • 5
    • 0033659336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical island convection in the absence of significant topography. Part I: Life cycle of diurnally forced convection
    • Carbone, R., J. Wilson, T. D. Keenan, and J. Hacker, 2000: Tropical island convection in the absence of significant topography. Part I: Life cycle of diurnally forced convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3459-3480.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 3459-3480
    • Carbone, R.1    Wilson, J.2    Keenan, T.D.3    Hacker, J.4
  • 6
    • 70350302279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the imprint of a severe Hector thunderstorm during ACTIVE/SCOUT-O3 onto the water content in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere
    • Chemel, C., M. Russo, J. Pyle, R. Sokhi, and C. Schiller, 2009: Quantifying the imprint of a severe Hector thunderstorm during ACTIVE/SCOUT-O3 onto the water content in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 2493-2514.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 2493-2514
    • Chemel, C.1    Russo, M.2    Pyle, J.3    Sokhi, R.4    Schiller, C.5
  • 7
    • 34848837269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud-resolving simulations of intense tropical Hector thunderstorms: Implications for aerosol-cloud interactions
    • Connolly, P., T. Choularton, M. Gallagher, K. Bower, M. Flynn, and J. Whiteway, 2006: Cloud-resolving simulations of intense tropical Hector thunderstorms: Implications for aerosol-cloud interactions. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 132, 3079-3106.
    • (2006) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.132 , pp. 3079-3106
    • Connolly, P.1    Choularton, T.2    Gallagher, M.3    Bower, K.4    Flynn, M.5    Whiteway, J.6
  • 8
    • 0035360147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding Hector: The dynamics of island thunderstorms
    • Crook, N., 2000: Understanding Hector: The dynamics of island thunderstorms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1550-1563.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 1550-1563
    • Crook, N.1
  • 9
    • 0003936403 scopus 로고
    • International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
    • Dahl, A. L., 1986: Review of the Protected Areas System in Oceania. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 239 pp.
    • (1986) Review of the Protected Areas System in Oceania , pp. 239
    • Dahl, A.L.1
  • 10
    • 33847292138 scopus 로고
    • Directories and Bibliographies Series, No. 35, United Nations Environment Programme
    • Dahl, A. L., 1991: Island Directory: UNEP Regional Seas. Directories and Bibliographies Series, No. 35, United Nations Environment Programme, 573 pp.
    • (1991) Island Directory: UNEP Regional Seas , pp. 573
    • Dahl, A.L.1
  • 11
    • 4143114555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving quantitative precipitation forecasts in the warmseason:AUSWRP research and development strategy
    • Fritsch, J. M., and R. E. Carbone, 2004: Improving quantitative precipitation forecasts in the warmseason:AUSWRP research and development strategy. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 955-965.
    • (2004) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.85 , pp. 955-965
    • Fritsch, J.M.1    Carbone, R.E.2
  • 12
    • 0021641130 scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of the particle size spectrum of ice clouds in terms of the ambient temperature and the ice water content
    • Heymsfield, A. J., and C. M. R. Platt, 1984: A parameterization of the particle size spectrum of ice clouds in terms of the ambient temperature and the ice water content. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 846-855.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 846-855
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Platt, C.M.R.2
  • 13
    • 69849100467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moisture vertical structure, column water vapor, and tropical deep convection
    • Holloway, C. E., and J. D. Neelin, 2009: Moisture vertical structure, column water vapor, and tropical deep convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 1665-1683.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 1665-1683
    • Holloway, C.E.1    Neelin, J.D.2
  • 15
    • 77953170577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of high-level clouds represented in a global cloud system-resolving model with CALIPSO/CloudSat and geostationary satellite observations
    • doi:10.1029/2009JD012371
    • Inoue, T., M. Satoh, Y. Hagihara, H. Miura, and J. Schmetz, 2010: Comparison of high-level clouds represented in a global cloud system-resolving model with CALIPSO/CloudSat and geostationary satellite observations. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00H22, doi:10.1029/2009JD012371.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Inoue, T.1    Satoh, M.2    Hagihara, Y.3    Miura, H.4    Schmetz, J.5
  • 16
    • 72049087777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of a supercell storm in clean and dirty atmosphere using weather research and forecasting model with spectral bin microphysics
    • doi:10.1029/2009JD011827
    • Khain, A. P., and B. Lynn, 2009: Simulation of a supercell storm in clean and dirty atmosphere using weather research and forecasting model with spectral bin microphysics. Geophys. Res. Lett., 114, D19209, doi:10.1029/2009JD011827.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.114
    • Khain, A.P.1    Lynn, B.2
  • 17
    • 0001216208 scopus 로고
    • Convection initiation associated with a seabreeze front, a gust front, and their collision
    • Kingsmill, D., 1995: Convection initiation associated with a seabreeze front, a gust front, and their collision. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2913-2933.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 2913-2933
    • Kingsmill, D.1
  • 18
    • 69849106722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orographic precipitation in the tropics: Large-eddy simulations and theory
    • Kirshbaum, D., and R. Smith, 2009: Orographic precipitation in the tropics: Large-eddy simulations and theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2559-2578.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 2559-2578
    • Kirshbaum, D.1    Smith, R.2
  • 19
    • 0027492607 scopus 로고
    • On the accuracy of the Eddington approximation for radiative transfer in the microwave frequencies
    • Kummerow, C., 1993: On the accuracy of the Eddington approximation for radiative transfer in the microwave frequencies. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 2757-2765.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 2757-2765
    • Kummerow, C.1
  • 21
    • 65549166920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of a cloud-resolving model to bulk and explicit bin microphysical schemes. Part I: Comparisons
    • Li, X., W.-K. Tao, A. P. Khain, J. Simpson, and D. E. Johnson, 2009: Sensitivity of a cloud-resolving model to bulk and explicit bin microphysical schemes. Part I: Comparisons. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 3-21.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 3-21
    • Li, X.1    Tao, W.-K.2    Khain, A.P.3    Simpson, J.4    Johnson, D.E.5
  • 22
    • 52149089829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloudresolving modeling of deep convection during KWAJEX. Part I: Comparison to TRMM satellite and ground-based radar observations
    • Li, Y., E. J. Zipser, S. K. Krueger, and M. A. Zulauf, 2008: Cloudresolving modeling of deep convection during KWAJEX. Part I: Comparison to TRMM satellite and ground-based radar observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 2699-2712.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 2699-2712
    • Li, Y.1    Zipser, E.J.2    Krueger, S.K.3    Zulauf, M.A.4
  • 23
    • 49749084017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective storm initiation in a moist tropical environment
    • Lima, M. A., and J. W. Wilson, 2008: Convective storm initiation in a moist tropical environment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 1847-1864.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 1847-1864
    • Lima, M.A.1    Wilson, J.W.2
  • 24
    • 0020968202 scopus 로고
    • Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model
    • Lin, Y.-L., R. Farley, and H. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065-1092.
    • (1983) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.22 , pp. 1065-1092
    • Lin, Y.-L.1    Farley, R.2    Orville, H.3
  • 25
    • 56249139933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cloud and precipitation feature database from nine years of TRMM observations
    • Liu, C., E. J. Zipser, D. J. Cecil, S. W. Nesbitt, and S. Sherwood, 2008: A cloud and precipitation feature database from nine years of TRMM observations. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 2712-2728.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. , vol.47 , pp. 2712-2728
    • Liu, C.1    Zipser, E.J.2    Cecil, D.J.3    Nesbitt, S.W.4    Sherwood, S.5
  • 26
    • 70350023630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of hydrometeor occurrence profiles in the multiscale modeling framework climate model using atmospheric classification
    • Marchand, R., N. Beagley, and T. P. Ackerman, 2009a: Evaluation of hydrometeor occurrence profiles in the multiscale modeling framework climate model using atmospheric classification. J. Climate, 22, 4557-4573.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 4557-4573
    • Marchand, R.1    Beagley, N.2    Ackerman, T.P.3
  • 27
    • 66949117429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acomparison of simulated cloud radar output from the multiscale modeling framework global climate model with CloudSat cloud radar observations
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD009790
    • Marchand, R., J. Haynes, G. G. Mace, T. Ackerman, and G. Stephens, 2009b:Acomparison of simulated cloud radar output from the multiscale modeling framework global climate model with CloudSat cloud radar observations. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00A20, doi:10.1029/2008JD009790.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Marchand, R.1    Haynes, J.2    Mace, G.G.3    Ackerman, T.4    Stephens, G.5
  • 28
    • 27544439510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined radar and radiometer analysis of precipitation profiles for a parametric retrieval algorithm
    • Masunaga, H., and C. D. Kummerow, 2005: Combined radar and radiometer analysis of precipitation profiles for a parametric retrieval algorithm. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 909-929.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.22 , pp. 909-929
    • Masunaga, H.1    Kummerow, C.D.2
  • 29
    • 78651065300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Satellite Data Simulator Unit: A multisensor, multispectral satellite simulator package
    • Masunaga, H., and Coauthors, 2010: Satellite Data Simulator Unit: A multisensor, multispectral satellite simulator package. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91, 1625-1632.
    • (2010) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.91 , pp. 1625-1632
    • Masunaga, H.1
  • 30
    • 0002437048 scopus 로고
    • Precipitation retrieval over land and ocean with the SSM/I: Identification and characteristics of the scattering signal
    • Matsui, T., X. Zeng, and W.-K. Tao, 1989: Precipitation retrieval over land and ocean with the SSM/I: Identification and characteristics of the scattering signal. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 6, 254-273.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.6 , pp. 254-273
    • Matsui, T.1    Zeng, X.2    Tao, W.-K.3
  • 31
    • 70450258426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol and thermodynamic effects on tropical cloud systems during TWPICE and ACTIVE
    • May, P. T., G. Allen, G. Vaughan, and P. Connolly, 2009: Aerosol and thermodynamic effects on tropical cloud systems during TWPICE and ACTIVE. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 15-24.
    • (2009) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.9 , pp. 15-24
    • May, P.T.1    Allen, G.2    Vaughan, G.3    Connolly, P.4
  • 32
    • 0001183471 scopus 로고
    • The propagation and transfer properties of steady convective overturning in shear
    • Moncrieff, M. W., and J. S. A. Green, 1972: The propagation and transfer properties of steady convective overturning in shear. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 98, 336-352.
    • (1972) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.98 , pp. 336-352
    • Moncrieff, M.W.1    Green, J.S.A.2
  • 33
    • 27744479003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale modeling of springtime Arctic mixed-phase stratiform clouds using a new two-moment bulk microphysics scheme
    • Morrison, H., and J. Pinto, 2005: Mesoscale modeling of springtime Arctic mixed-phase stratiform clouds using a new two-moment bulk microphysics scheme. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3683-3704.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 3683-3704
    • Morrison, H.1    Pinto, J.2
  • 34
    • 68249133827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of cloud microphysics on the development of trailing stratiform precipitation in a simulated squall line: Comparison of one-and two-moment schemes
    • Morrison, H., G. Thompson, and V. Tatarskii, 2009: Impact of cloud microphysics on the development of trailing stratiform precipitation in a simulated squall line: Comparison of one-and two-moment schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 991-1007.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 991-1007
    • Morrison, H.1    Thompson, G.2    Tatarskii, V.3
  • 35
    • 70350025190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Very high resolution precipitation climatologies from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission precipitation radar
    • doi:10.1029/2009GL038026
    • Nesbitt, S. W., and A. M. Anders, 2009: Very high resolution precipitation climatologies from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission precipitation radar. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15815, doi:10.1029/2009GL038026.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Nesbitt, S.W.1    Anders, A.M.2
  • 36
    • 57349122930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the lower troposphere in two-and three-dimensional cloudresolving model simulations of deep convection
    • Petch, J. C., P. N. Blossey, and C. S. Bretherton, 2008: Differences in the lower troposphere in two-and three-dimensional cloudresolving model simulations of deep convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 134, 1941-1946.
    • (2008) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.134 , pp. 1941-1946
    • Petch, J.C.1    Blossey, P.N.2    Bretherton, C.S.3
  • 37
    • 65649127772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical orthogonal function analysis of the diurnal cycle of precipitation in a multi-scale climate model
    • doi:10.1029/2008GL036964
    • Pritchard, M. S., and R. C. J. Somerville, 2008: Empirical orthogonal function analysis of the diurnal cycle of precipitation in a multi-scale climate model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L05812, doi:10.1029/2008GL036964.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Pritchard, M.S.1    Somerville, R.C.J.2
  • 38
    • 33646013646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the impact of convective entrainment on the tropical tropopause
    • Robinson, F., and S. Sherwood, 2006: Modeling the impact of convective entrainment on the tropical tropopause. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1013-1027.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 1013-1027
    • Robinson, F.1    Sherwood, S.2
  • 39
    • 38849089270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resonant response of deep convection to surface hot spots
    • Robinson, F., S. Sherwood, and Y. Li, 2008: Resonant response of deep convection to surface hot spots. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 276-286.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 276-286
    • Robinson, F.1    Sherwood, S.2    Li, Y.3
  • 40
    • 0035270052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulation of the diurnal evolution of tropical island convection over the maritime continent
    • Saito, K., T. Keenan, G. Holland, and K. Puri, 2001: Numerical simulation of the diurnal evolution of tropical island convection over the maritime continent. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 378-400.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 378-400
    • Saito, K.1    Keenan, T.2    Holland, G.3    Puri, K.4
  • 41
    • 0035417883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boundary layer development over a tropical island during the Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment
    • Schafer, R., P. May, T. Keenan, K. McGuffie, W. Ecklund, P. Johnston, and K. Gage, 2001: Boundary layer development over a tropical island during the Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2163-2179.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 2163-2179
    • Schafer, R.1    May, P.2    Keenan, T.3    McGuffie, K.4    Ecklund, W.5    Johnston, P.6    Gage, K.7
  • 42
    • 33646377880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small ice crystals and the climatology of lightning
    • doi:10.1029/2005GL025242
    • Sherwood, S. C., V. T. J. Phillips, and J. S. Wettlaufer, 2006: Small ice crystals and the climatology of lightning. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L05804, doi:10.1029/2005GL025242.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • Sherwood, S.C.1    Phillips, V.T.J.2    Wettlaufer, J.S.3
  • 43
    • 77951922327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric water vapor, convection and climate
    • doi:10.1029/2009RG000301
    • Sherwood, S. C., R. Roca, T. M. Weckwerth, and N. G. Andronova, 2010: Tropospheric water vapor, convection and climate. Rev. Geophys., 48, RG2001, doi:10.1029/2009RG000301.
    • (2010) Rev. Geophys. , vol.48
    • Sherwood, S.C.1    Roca, R.2    Weckwerth, T.M.3    Andronova, N.G.4
  • 45
    • 79955024389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A description of the Advanced Research WRF, version 3. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-4751STR. Available online at
    • Skamarock, W. C., and Coauthors, 2008: A description of the Advanced Research WRF, version 3. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-4751STR, 113 pp. [Available online at http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/docs/arw_v3.pdf.].
    • (2008) , pp. 113
    • Skamarock, W.C.1
  • 46
    • 0024247988 scopus 로고
    • On the dynamics of Hawaiian cloud bands: Island forcing
    • Smolarkiewicz, P. K., R. Rasmussen, and T. Clark, 1988: On the dynamics of Hawaiian cloud bands: Island forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1872-1905.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 1872-1905
    • Smolarkiewicz, P.K.1    Rasmussen, R.2    Clark, T.3
  • 47
    • 0019140469 scopus 로고
    • Response of tradewind cumuli to large-scale processes
    • Soong, S.-T., and Y. Ogura, 1980: Response of tradewind cumuli to large-scale processes. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2035-2050.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 2035-2050
    • Soong, S.-T.1    Ogura, Y.2
  • 48
    • 0002437048 scopus 로고
    • Precipitation retrieval over land and ocean with the SSM/I: Identification and characteristics of the scattering signal
    • Spencer, R., H. Goodman, and R. E. Hood, 1989: Precipitation retrieval over land and ocean with the SSM/I: Identification and characteristics of the scattering signal. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 6, 254-273.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.6 , pp. 254-273
    • Spencer, R.1    Goodman, H.2    Hood, R.E.3
  • 50
  • 51
    • 1542645674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explicit forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme: Part I: Description and sensitivity analysis
    • Thompson, G., R. Rasmussen, and K. Manning, 2004: Explicit forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme: Part I: Description and sensitivity analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 519-542.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 519-542
    • Thompson, G.1    Rasmussen, R.2    Manning, K.3
  • 52
    • 0021803250 scopus 로고
    • Summer surface flow characteristics over northeast Colorado
    • Toth, J. J., and R. H. Johnson, 1985: Summer surface flow characteristics over northeast Colorado. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1458-1469.
    • (1985) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.113 , pp. 1458-1469
    • Toth, J.J.1    Johnson, R.H.2
  • 53
    • 45749125752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airborne Doppler radar and sounding analysis of an oceanic cold front
    • Wakimoto, R. M., and H. V. Murphey, 2008: Airborne Doppler radar and sounding analysis of an oceanic cold front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 1475-1491.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 1475-1491
    • Wakimoto, R.M.1    Murphey, H.V.2
  • 54
    • 0038323318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physical origin of the land-ocean contrast in lightning activity
    • Williams, E., and S. Stanfill, 2002: The physical origin of the land-ocean contrast in lightning activity. C. R. Phys., 3, 1277-1292.
    • (2002) C. R. Phys. , vol.3 , pp. 1277-1292
    • Williams, E.1    Stanfill, S.2
  • 55
    • 0022823437 scopus 로고
    • Initiation of convective storms at radar-observed boundary-layer convergence lines
    • Wilson, J. W., and W. E. Schreiber, 1986: Initiation of convective storms at radar-observed boundary-layer convergence lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2516-2536.
    • (1986) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.114 , pp. 2516-2536
    • Wilson, J.W.1    Schreiber, W.E.2
  • 56
    • 70349292683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of tropical and midlatitude thunderstorm evolution in response to wind shear
    • Wissmeier, U., and R. Goler, 2009: A comparison of tropical and midlatitude thunderstorm evolution in response to wind shear. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2385-2401.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 2385-2401
    • Wissmeier, U.1    Goler, R.2
  • 57
    • 69849083375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What controls the transition from shallow to deep convection?
    • Wu, C.-M., B. Stevens, and A. Arakawa, 2009: What controls the transition from shallow to deep convection? J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 1793-1806.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 1793-1806
    • Wu, C.-M.1    Stevens, B.2    Arakawa, A.3
  • 58
    • 66249083496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WRF and GISS SCM simulations of convective updraft properties during TWP-ICE
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD010851
    • Wu, J., A. Del Genio, M.-S. Yao, and A. B. Wolf, 2009: WRF and GISS SCM simulations of convective updraft properties during TWP-ICE. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D04206, doi:10.1029/2008JD010851.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Wu, J.1    Del Genio, A.2    Yao, M.-S.3    Wolf, A.B.4
  • 59
    • 18344368805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An intercomparison of cloudresolving models with the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement summer 1997 intensive observation period data
    • Xu, K. M., and Coauthors, 2002: An intercomparison of cloudresolving models with the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement summer 1997 intensive observation period data. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 593-624.
    • (2002) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.128 , pp. 593-624
    • Xu, K.M.1
  • 60
    • 44449110034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radar observations of intense orographic precipitation associated with Typhoon Xangsane (2000)
    • Yu, C.-K., and L.-W. Cheng, 2008: Radar observations of intense orographic precipitation associated with Typhoon Xangsane (2000). Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 497-521.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 497-521
    • Yu, C.-K.1    Cheng, L.-W.2
  • 61
    • 34547733556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward understanding the double intertropical convergence zone pathology in coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models
    • doi:10.1029/2006JD007878
    • Zhang, X. H., W. Y. Lin, and M. H. Zhang, 2007: Toward understanding the double intertropical convergence zone pathology in coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12102, doi:10.1029/2006JD007878.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • Zhang, X.H.1    Lin, W.Y.2    Zhang, M.H.3
  • 62
    • 56249143166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the diurnal cycle of deep convection, high-level cloud, and upper troposphere water vapor in the multiscale modeling framework
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD009905
    • Zhang, Y., and Coauthors, 2008: On the diurnal cycle of deep convection, high-level cloud, and upper troposphere water vapor in the multiscale modeling framework. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D16105, doi:10.1029/2008JD009905.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Zhang, Y.1
  • 63
    • 38349162368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of high-resolution satellite observations to evaluate cloud and precipitation statistics from cloud-resolving model simulations. Part I: South China Sea Monsoon Experiment
    • Zhou, Y. P., and Coauthors, 2007: Use of high-resolution satellite observations to evaluate cloud and precipitation statistics from cloud-resolving model simulations. Part I: South China Sea Monsoon Experiment. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 4309-4329.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 4309-4329
    • Zhou, Y.P.1
  • 64
    • 0028600928 scopus 로고
    • The vertical profile of radar reflectivity of convective cells: A strong indicator of storm intensity and lightning probability?
    • Zipser, E. J., and K. R. Lutz, 1994: The vertical profile of radar reflectivity of convective cells: A strong indicator of storm intensity and lightning probability? Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1751-1759.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 1751-1759
    • Zipser, E.J.1    Lutz, K.R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.