Ventilatory strategies during anesthesia

Morbid Obesity: Peri-operative Management

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 124-137

  Sprung, Juraj ^a   Weingarten, Toby N ^a   Warner, David O ^a  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79953203688     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511676307.015     Document Type: Chapter

References (74)

1. Hedenstierna G, Tokics L, Strandberg A, et al. Correlation of gas exchange impairment to development of atelectasis during anaesthesia and muscle paralysis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1986; 30: 183-91.
2. Eichenberger A, Proietti S, Wicky S, et al. Morbid obesity and postoperative pulmonary atelectasis: an underestimated problem. Anesth Analg 2002; 95: 1788-92.
3. Matthay MA, Bhattacharya S, Gaver D, et al. Ventilatorinduced lung injury: in vivo and in vitro mechanisms. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2002; 283: L678 -82.
4. Pelosi P, Croci M, Ravagnan I, et al. The effects of body mass on lung volumes, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange during general anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1998; 87: 654-60.
5. Hedenstierna G, Santesson J. Breathing mechanics, dead space and gas exchange in the extremely obese, breathing spontaneously and during anaesthesia with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1976; 20: 248-54.
6. Van Lith P, Johnson FN, Sharp JT. Respiratory elastances in relaxed and paralyzed states in normal and abnormal men. J Appl Physiol 1967; 23: 475-86.
7. Pelosi P, Croci M, Ravagnan I, et al. Respiratory system mechanics in sedated, paralyzed, morbidly obese patients. J Appl Physiol 1997; 82: 811-8.
8. Damia G, Mascheroni D, Croci M, et al. Perioperative changes in functional residual capacity in morbidly obese patients. Br J Anaesth 1988; 60: 574-8.
9. Sprung J, Whalley DG, Falcone T, et al. The impact of morbid obesity, pneumoperitoneum, and posture on respiratory system mechanics and oxygenation during laparoscopy. Anesth Analg 2002; 94: 1345-50.
10. Dumont L, Mardirosoff C. Effects of a pneumoperitoneum in the obese patient. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2000; 17: 786-7.
11. Nguyen NT, Anderson JT, Budd M, et al. Effects of pneumoperitoneum on intraoperative pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange during laparoscopic gastric bypass. Surg Endosc 2004; 18: 64-71.
12. Ranieri VM, Brienza N, Santostasi S, et al. Impairment of lung and chest wall mechanics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: role of abdominal distension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156: 1082-91.
13. Mutoh T, Lamm WJ, Embree LJ, et al. Volume infusion produces abdominal distension, lung compression, and chest wall stiffening in pigs. J Appl Physiol 1992; 72: 575-82.
14. Fahy BG, Barnas GM, Flowers JL, et al. The effects of increased abdominal pressure on lung and chest wall mechanics during laparoscopic surgery. Anesth Analg 1995; 81: 744-50.
15. Bardoczky GI, Yernault JC, Houben JJ, et al. Large tidal volume ventilation does not improve oxygenation in morbidly obese patients during anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1995; 81: 385-8.
16. Sprung J, Whalley DG, Falcone T, et al. The effects of tidal volume and respiratory rate on oxygenation and respiratory mechanics during laparoscopy in morbidly obese patients. Anesth Analg 2003; 97: 268-74.
17. Perilli V, Sollazzi L, Bozza P, et al. The effects of the reverse Trendelenburg position on respiratory mechanics and blood gases in morbidly obese patients during bariatric surgery. Anesth Analg 2000; 91: 1520-5.
18. Carlton DP, Cummings JJ, Scheerer RG, et al. Lung overexpansion increases pulmonary microvascular protein permeability in young lambs. J Appl Physiol 1990; 69: 577-83.
19. Tsuno K, Prato P, Kolobow T. Acute lung injury from mechanical ventilation at moderately high airway pressures. J Appl Physiol 1990; 69: 956-61.
20. Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL, et al. The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS: definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149: 818-24.
21. Dreyfuss D, Saumon G. Ventilator-induced lung injury: lessons from experimental studies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157: 294-323.
22. Gattinoni L, Caironi P, Carlesso E. How to ventilate patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Curr Opin Crit Care 2005; 11: 69-76.
23. Mascia L, Zavala E, Bosma K, et al. Brain IT group. High tidal volume is associated with the development of acute lung injury after severe brain injury: an international observational study. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 1815-20.
24. Gajic O, Dara SI, Mendez JL, et al. Ventilator-associated lung injury in patients without acute lung injury at the onset of mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 1817-24.
25. Yilmaz M, Keegan MT, Iscimen R, et al. Toward the prevention of acute lung injury: protocol-guided limitation of large tidal volume ventilation and inappropriate transfusion. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 1660-6.
26. Fernandez-Perez ER, Keegan MT, Brown DR, et al. Intraoperative tidal volume as a risk factor for respiratory failure after pneumonectomy. Anesthesiology 2006; 105: 14-8.
27. Choi G, Wolthuis EK, Bresser P, et al. Mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volumes and positive end-expiratory pressure prevents alveolar coagulation in patients without lung injury. Anesthesiology 2006; 105: 689-95.
28. Michelet P, D' Journo XB, Roch A, et al. Protective ventilation influences systemic inflammation after esophagectomy: a randomized controlled study. Anesthesiology 2006; 105: 911-9.
29. Crapo RO, Morris AH, Gardner RM. Reference values for pulmonary tissue volume, membrane diffusing capacity, and pulmonary capillary blood volume. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1982; 18: 893-9.
30. O' Brien JM Jr, Welsh CH, Fish RH, et al; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Excess body weight is not independently associated with outcome in mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury. Ann Intern Med 2004; 140: 338-45.
31. Tsuchida S, Engelberts D, Peltekova V, et al. Atelectasis causes alveolar injury in nonatelectatic lung regions. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174: 279-89.
32. Bendixen HH, Hedley-Whyte J, Laver MB. Impaired oxygenation in surgical patients during general anesthesia with controlled ventilation: a concept of atelectasis. N Engl J Med 1963; 269: 991-6.
33. Visick WD, Fairley HB, Hickey RF. The effects of tidal volume and end-expiratory pressure on pulmonary gas exchange during anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1973; 39: 285-90.
34. Koutsoukou A, Koulouris N, Bekos B, et al. Expiratory flow limitation in morbidly obese postoperative mechanically ventilated patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2004; 48: 1080-8.
35. Waters DJ, Mapleson WW. Exponentials and the anaesthetist. Anaesthesia 1964; 19: 274-93.
36. Kolobow T, Moretti MP, Fumagalli R, et al. Severe impairment in lung function induced by high peak airway pressure during mechanical ventilation: an experimental study. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 135: 312-5.
37. Slutsky AS. Consensus conference on mechanical ventilation: January 28 - 30, 1993 at Northbrook, Illinois, USA. Part I. European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, the ACCP and the SCCM. Intensive Care Med 1994; 20: 64-79. Erratum in: Intensive Care Med 1994; 20: 378.
38. Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, et al; International Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee; American Association of Critical-Care Nurses; American College of Chest Physicians; American College of Emergency Physicians; Canadian Critical Care Society; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; European Respiratory Society; International Sepsis Forum; Japanese Association for Acute Medicine; Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine; Society of Critical Care Medicine; Society of Hospital Medicine; Surgical Infection Society; World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med 2008; 36: 296-327. Erratum in: Crit Care Med 2008; 36: 1394-6.
39. Hager H, Reddy D, Mandadi G, et al. Hypercapnia improves tissue oxygenation in morbidly obese surgical patients. Anesth Analg 2006; 103: 677-81.
40. Amato MB, Barbas CS, Medeiros DM, et al. Effect of a protective-ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 347-54.
41. Caironi P, Gattinoni L. [Use of positive end-expiratory pressure in acute respiratory distress syndrome: current views]. Recenti Prog Med 2007; 98: 509-17. [In Italian].
42. Pelosi P, Ravagnan I, Giurati G, et al. Positive endexpiratory pressure improves respiratory function in obese but not in normal subjects during anesthesia and paralysis. A nesthesiology 1999; 91: 1221-31.
43. Perilli V, Sollazzi L, Modesti C, et al. Comparison of positive end-expiratory pressure with reverse Trendelenburg position in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery: effects on hemodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange. Obes Surg 2003; 13: 605-9.
44. Salem MR, Dalal FY, Zygmunt MP, et al. Does PEEP improve intraoperative arterial oxygenation in grossly obese patients? Anesthesiology 1978; 48: 280-1.
45. Luce JM. The cardiovascular effects of mechanical ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure. JAMA 1984; 252: 807-11.
46. Brismar B, Hedenstierna G, Lundquist H, et al. Pulmonary densities during anesthesia with muscular relaxation: a proposal of atelectasis. Anesthesiology 1985; 62: 422-8.
47. Lachmann B. Open up the lung and keep the lung open. Intensive Care Med 1992; 18: 319-21.
48. Rothen HU, Sporre B, Engberg G, et al. Re-expansion of atelectasis during general anaesthesia: a computed tomography study. Br J Anaesth 1993; 71: 788-95.
49. Gattinoni L, Pelosi P, Suter PM, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease: different syndromes? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: 3-11.
50. Whalen FX, Gajic O, Thompson GB, et al. The effects of the alveolar recruitment maneuver and positive end-expiratory pressure on arterial oxygenation during laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Anesth Analg 2006; 102: 298-305. Erratum in: Anesth Analg 2006; 102: 881.
51. Tusman G, Bohm SH, Vazquez de Anda GF, et al. 'Alveolar recruitment strategy' improves arterial oxygenation during general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1999; 82: 8-13.
52. Tusman G, Bohm SH, Suarez-Sipmann F, et al. Alveolar recruitment improves ventilatory efficiency of the lungs during anesthesia. Can J Anaesth 2004; 51: 723-7.
53. Sprung J, Whalen FX, Comfere T, et al. Alveolar recruitment and arterial desflurane concentration during bariatric surgery. Anesth Analg 2009; 108: 120-7.
54. Hager DN, Krishnan JA, Hayden DL, et al. ARDS Clinical Trials Network. Tidal volume reduction in patients with acute lung injury when plateau pressures are not high. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172: 1241-5.
55. Duggan M, McCaul CL, McNamara PJ, et al. Atelectasis causes vascular leak and lethal right ventricular failure in uninjured rat lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167: 1633-40.
56. Minkovich L, Djaiani G, Katznelson R, et al. Effects of alveolar recruitment on arterial oxygenation in patients after cardiac surgery: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2007; 21: 375-8.
57. Rothen HU, Sporre B, Engberg G, et al. Reexpansion of atelectasis during general anaesthesia may have a prolonged effect. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1995; 39: 118-25.
58. Budweiser S, Riedl SG, Jorres RA, et al. Mortality and prognostic factors in patients with obesityhypoventilation syndrome undergoing noninvasive ventilation. J Intern Med 2007; 261: 375-83.
59. El-Solh AA, Aquilina A, Pineda L, et al. Noninvasive ventilation for prevention of post-extubation respiratory failure in obese patients. Eur Respir J 2006; 28: 588-95.
60. Gattinoni L, Caironi P, Cressoni M, et al. Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1775-86.
61. Victorino JA, Borges JB, Okamoto VN, et al. Imbalances in regional lung ventilation: a validation study on electrical impedance tomography. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 169: 791-800.
62. Gattinoni L, Vagginelli F, Carlesso E, et al. Prone-Supine Study Group. Decrease in PaCO2 with prone position is predictive of improved outcome in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2003; 31: 2727-33.
63. Katz JA, Ozanne GM, Zinn SE, et al. Time course and mechanisms of lung-volume increase with PEEP in acute pulmonary failure. Anesthesiology 1981; 54: 9-16.
64. Ranieri VM, Eissa NT, Corbeil C, et al. Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on alveolar recruitment and gas exchange in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144: 544-51.
65. Jonson B, Richard JC, Straus C, et al. Pressure-volume curves and compliance in acute lung injury: evidence of recruitment above the lower inflection point. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159: 1172-8.
66. Jonson B, Svantesson C. Elastic pressure-volume curves: what information do they convey? Thorax 1999; 54: 82-7.
67. Chiumello D, Carlesso E, Aliverti A, et al. Effects of volume shift on the pressure-volume curve of the respiratory system in ALI/ARDS patients. Minerva Anestesiol 2007; 73: 109-18.
68. Grasso S, Stripoli T, De Michele M, et al. ARDSnet ventilatory protocol and alveolar hyperinflation: role of positive end-expiratory pressure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176: 761-7.
69. Grasso S, Terragni P, Mascia L, et al. Airway pressuretime curve profile (stress index) detects tidal recruitment/hyperinflation in experimental acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 1018-27.
70. Rothen HU, Sporre B, Engberg G, et al. Prevention of atelectasis during general anaesthesia. Lancet 1995; 345: 1387-91.
71. Edmark L, Kostova-Aherdan K, Enlund M, et al. Optimal oxygen concentration during induction of general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2003; 98: 28-33.
72. Gander S, Frascarolo P, Suter M, et al. Positive endexpiratory pressure during induction of general anesthesia increases duration of nonhypoxic apnea in morbidly obese patients. Anesth Analg 2005; 100: 580-4.
73. Coussa M, Proietti S, Schnyder P, et al. Prevention of atelectasis formation during the induction of general anesthesia in morbidly obese patients. Anesth Analg 2004; 98: 1491-5.
74. Yilmaz M, Gajic O. Optimal ventilator settings in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2008; 25: 89-96.