Delirium in the acute phase after stroke: Incidence, risk factors, and outcome

Neurology

Volumn 76, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 993-999

  Oldenbeuving, A W ^a   De Kort, P L M ^a   Jansen, B P W ^a   Algra, A ^b,c   Kappelle, L J ^b   Roks, G ^a  

^a CPRLab   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BRAIN ATROPHY; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COHORT ANALYSIS; DELIRIUM; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFECTION; LENGTH OF STAY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; STROKE;

EID: 79953203220     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: 1526632X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318210411f     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. American Psychiatric Association. Delirium, dementia and amnestic and other cognitive disorders. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV, 4th edition, text revision ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000:135-180.
2. Inouye SK. Delirium in older persons. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1157-1165.
3. Francis J, Martin D, Kapoor WN. A prospective study of delirium in hospitalized elderly. JAMA 1990;263:1097-1101. (Pubitemid 20047442)
4. Caeiro L, Ferro JM, Albuquerque R, Figueira ML. Delirium in the first days of acute stroke. J Neurol 2004;251: 171-178. (Pubitemid 38221630)
5. Gustafson Y, Olsson T, Asplund K, Hägg E. Acute confusional state (delirium) soon after stroke is associated with hypercortisolism. Cerebrovasc Dis 1993;3:33-38.
6. Gustafson Y, Olsson T, Erikkson S, Bucht G. Acute confusional state (delirium) in stroke patients. Cerebrovasc Dis 1991;1:257-264.
7. Henon H, Lebert F, Durieu I, et al. Confusional state in stroke: relation to preexisting dementia, patient characteristics, and outcome. Stroke 1999;30:773-779. (Pubitemid 29156367)
8. Langhorne P, Stott DJ, Robertson L, et al. Medical complications after stroke: a multicenter study. Stroke 2000; 31:1223-1229. (Pubitemid 30351237)
9. Dahl MH, Ronning OM, Thommessen B. Delirium in acute stroke-prevalence and risk factors. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 2010;190:39-43.
10. Langhorne P, Pollock A. What are the components of effective stroke unit care? Age Ageing 2002;31:365-371. (Pubitemid 35174525)
11. Mead GE, Lewis SC, Wardlaw JM, Dennis MS, Warlow CP. How well does the Oxfordshire community stroke project classification predict the site and size of the infarct on brain imaging? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 68:558-562. (Pubitemid 30248817)
12. Odderson IR. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and its importance in acute stroke management. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 1999;10:787-800.
13. Jorm AF, Jacomb PA. The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): sociodemographic correlates, reliability, validity and some norms. Psychol Med 1989;19:1015-1022. (Pubitemid 20012268)
14. Jorm AF, Scott R, Cullen JS, MacKinnon AJ. Performance of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) as a screening test for dementia. Psychol Med 1991;21:785-790.
15. Inouye SK, Van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, Balkin S, Siegal AP, Horwitz RI. Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method: a new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:941-948.
16. Trzepacz PT, Baker RW, Greenhouse J. A symptom rating scale for delirium. Psychiatry Res 1988;23:89-97. (Pubitemid 18038426)
17. Nebes RD, Pollock BG, Meltzer CC, et al. Serum anticholinergic activity, white matter hyperintensities, and cognitive performance. Neurology 2005;65:1487-1489. (Pubitemid 41552789)
18. Carnahan RM, Lund BC, Perry PJ, Culp KR, Pollock BG. The relationship of an anticholinergic rating scale with serum anticholinergic activity in elderly nursing home residents. Psychopharmacol Bull 2002;36:14-19.
19. Pasquier F, Leys D, Weerts JG, Mounier-Vehier F, Barkhof F, Scheltens P. Inter-and intraobserver reproducibility of cerebral atrophy assessment on MRI scans with hemispheric infarcts. Eur Neurol 1996;36:268-272. (Pubitemid 26261656)
20. Wahlund LO, Barkhof F, Fazekas F, et al. A new rating scale for age-related white matter changes applicable to MRI and CT. Stroke 2001;32:1318-1322. (Pubitemid 32530416)
21. Reding MJ, Potes E. Rehabilitation outcome following initial unilateral hemispheric stroke. Life table analysis approach Stroke 1988;19:1354-1358.
22. Oldenbeuving AW, De Kort PL, Jansen BP, Roks G, Kappelle LJ. Delirium in acute stroke: a review. Int J Stroke 2007;2:270-275. (Pubitemid 350119928)
23. Stroke Unit Trialists Collaboration. How do stroke units improve patient outcomes? A collaborative systematic review of the randomized trials. Stroke 1997; 28:2139-2144.
24. Korevaar JC, Van Munster BC, De Rooij SE. Risk factors for delirium in acutely admitted elderly patients: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2005;5:6.
25. Heilman KM, Bowers D, Valenstein E, Watson RT. The right hemisphere: neuropsychological functions. J Neurosurg 1986;64:693-704. (Pubitemid 16115344)
26. Kaplan J, Hier DB. Visuospatial deficits after right hemisphere stroke. Am J Occup Ther 1982;36:314-321. (Pubitemid 12025244)
27. Edlund A, Lundstrom M, Karlsson S, Brannstrom B, Bucht G, Gustafson Y. Delirium in older patients admitted to general internal medicine. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2006;19:83-90. (Pubitemid 43726027)
28. Minamisawa H, Nordstrom CH, Smith ML, Siesjo BK. The influence of mild body and brain hypothermia on ischemic brain damage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1990; 10:365-374. (Pubitemid 20144616)
29. Rolfson D. The causes of delirium. In: Lindesay J, Rockwood K, MacDonald A, eds. Delirium in Old Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2002:101-122.
30. Koponen H, Hurri L, Stenback U, Mattila E, Soininen H, Riekkinen PJ. Computed tomography findings in delirium. J Nerv Ment Dis 1989;177:226-231. (Pubitemid 19109456)
31. Koponen H, Hurri L, Stenback U, Riekkinen PJ. Acute confusional states in the elderly: a radiological evaluation. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987;76:726-731. (Pubitemid 18021478)
32. Han L, McCusker J, Cole M, Abrahamowicz M, Primeau F, Elie M. Use of medications with anticholinergic effect predicts clinical severity of delirium symptoms in older medical inpatients. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:1099-1105. (Pubitemid 32685536)
33. Karlsson I. Drugs that induce delirium. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 1999;10:412-415. (Pubitemid 29403605)
34. Muller WE, Stoll L, Schubert T, Gelbmann CM. Central cholinergic functioning and aging. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1991;366:34-39.
35. Mussi C, Ferrari R, Ascari S, Salvioli G. Importance of serum anticholinergic activity in the assessment of elderly patients with delirium. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1999; 12:82-86. (Pubitemid 29410688)
36. Trzepacz PT. Anticholinergic model for delirium. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 1996;1:294-303.
37. Ely EW, Gautam S, Margolin R, et al. The impact of delirium in the intensive care unit on hospital length of stay. Intensive Care Med 2001;27:1892-1900. (Pubitemid 33145075)
38. Olofsson B, Lundstrom M, Borssen B, Nyberg L, Gustafson Y. Delirium is associated with poor rehabilitation outcome in elderly patients treated for femoral neck fractures. Scand J Caring Sci 2005;19:119-127. (Pubitemid 41602996)
39. Witlox J, Eurelings LS, De Jonghe JF, Kalisvaart KJ, Eikelenboom P, Van Gool WA. Delirium in elderly patients and the risk of postdischarge mortality, institutionalization, and dementia: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2010;304: 443-451.