Descending control of quiet standing and walking: A plausible neurophysiological basis of falls in elderly people

Brain and Nerve

Volumn 63, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 233-239

  Nakajima, Masashi ^a  

^a SHOWA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Astasia without abasia; Falling; Gait dynamics; Stabilogram diffusion analysis; Stochastic process

Indexed keywords

AGED; BIOMECHANICS; BODY POSTURE; COGNITION; FALLING; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; GAIT; GERIATRIC PATIENT; HUMAN; MOTOR CONTROL; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; STANDING; WALKING;

ACCIDENTAL FALLS; AGED; BIOMECHANICS; EFFERENT PATHWAYS; FEEDBACK, PHYSIOLOGICAL; HUMANS; POSTURE; STOCHASTIC PROCESSES; WALKING;

EID: 79953190742     PISSN: 18816096     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. Hirayama K, Nakajima M, Kawamura M, Koguchi Y: Astasia without abasia due to peripheral neuropathy. Arch Neurol 51: 813-816, 1994 (Pubitemid 24242606)
2. Collins JJ, De Luca CJ: Open-loop and closed-loop control of posture: a random-walk analysis of center of pressure trajectories. Exp Brain Res 95: 308-318, 1993 (Pubitemid 23288339)
3. Collins JJ, De Luca CJ: Random walking during quiet standing. Phys Rev Lett 73: 764-767, 1994
4. Collins JJ, De Luca CJ: Upright, correlated random walks: a statistical-biomechanics approach to the human postural control system. Chaos 5: 57-63, 1995
5. Hausdorff JM, Peng CK, Ladin Z, Wei JY, Goldberger AL: Is waking a random walk? evidence for long-range correlations in stride interval of human gait. J Appl Physiol 78: 349-358, 1995
6. Hausdorff JM, Purdon PL, Peng CK, Ladin Z, Wei Y, et al: Fractal dynamics of human gait: stability of long-range correlations in stride interval fluctuations. J Appl Physiol 80: 1448-1457, 1996 (Pubitemid 26143890)
7. Nashner LM, McCollum G: The organization of human postural movements: a formal basis and experimental synthesis. Behav Brain Sci 8: 135-172, 1985
8. Horak FB, Nashner LM: Central programming of postural movements: adaptation to altered support-surface configurations. J Neurophysiol 55: 1369-1381, 1986 (Pubitemid 16068472)
9. McCollum G, Leen TK: Form and exploration of mechanical stability limits in erect stance. J Mot Behav 21: 225-244, 1986
10. Dietz V: Human neuronal control of automatic functional movements: interaction between central programs and afferent input. Physiol Rev 72: 33-69, 1992
11. Dichgans J, Mauritz KH, Allum JHJ, Brandt T: Postural sway in normals and atactic patients: analysis of the stabilizing and destabilizing effects of vision. Agressologie 17C: 15-24, 1976
12. Mauritz KH, Dietz V: Characteristics of postural instability induced by ischemic blocking of leg afferents. Exp Brain Res 38: 117-119, 1980 (Pubitemid 10176987)
13. Collins JJ, De Luca CJ, Burrows A, Lipsitz LA: Age-related changes in open-loop and closed-loop control mechanisms. Exp Brain Res 104: 480-492, 1995
14. Inglin B, Woollacott M: Age-related changes in anticipatory postural adjustments associated with arm movements. J Gerontol 43: M105-113, 1998
15. Skinner HB, Barrack RL, Cook SD: Age-related decline in proprioception. Clin Orthop 184: 208-211, 1984
16. Jette AM, Branch LG, Berlin J: Musculoskeletal impairments and physical disablement among the aged. J Gerontol Med Sci 45: M203-208, 1990
17. Winter DA, Patla AE, Prince F, Ishac M, Gielo-Perczak K: Stiffness control of balance in quiet standing. J Neurophysiol 80: 1211-1221, 1998 (Pubitemid 28495721)
18. Rougier P, Caron O: Center of gravity motions and ankle joint stiffness control in upright undisturbed stance modeled through fractional Brownian motion framework. J Mot Behav 32: 405-413, 2000
19. Benjuya N, Melzer I, Kaplanski J: Aging-induced shifts from a reliance on sensory input to muscle contraction during balanced standing. J Gerontol A Biol Med Sci 59: 166-171, 2004 (Pubitemid 38269150)
20. Laughton CA, Slavin M, Katdare K, Nolan L, Bean JF, et al: Aging, muscle activity, and balance control: physiologic changes associated with balance impairment. Gait Posture 18: 101-108, 2003 (Pubitemid 37491254)
21. Bernard-Demanze L, Dumitrescu M, Jimeno P, Borel L, Lacour M: Age-related changes in posture control are differentially affected by postural and cognitive task complexity. Curr Aging Sci 2: 139-49, 2009.
22. Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott M, Kerns KA, Baldwin M: The effects of two types of cognitive tasks on postural stability in older adults with and without a history of falls. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 52: M232-240, 1997
23. Lacour M, Bernard-Demanze L, Dumitrescu M: Posture control, aging, and attention resources: models and posture-analysis methods. Clin Neurophysiol 38: 411-421, 2008
24. Shik ML, Orlovsky GN: Neurophysiology of locomotor automatism. Physiol Rev 36: 465-501, 1976
25. Dietz V: Neurophysiology of gait disorders: present and future applications. Electroencephal Clin Neurophysiol 103: 333-355, 1997
26. Hausdorff JM, Ashkenazy Y, Peng CK, Ivanov PC, Stanley HE, et al: When human walking becomes random walking: fractal analysis and modeling of gait rhythm fluctuations. Physica A 302: 138-147, 2001 (Pubitemid 34086357)
27. Ashkenazy Y, Hausdorff JA, Ivanov PC, Stanley HE: A stochastic model of human gait dynamics. Physica A 316: 662-670, 2002 (Pubitemid 35385275)
28. West BJ, Scafetta N: Nonlinear dynamical model of human gait. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 67: 051917, 2003
29. Scafetta N, Marchi D, West BJ: Understanding the complexity of human gait dynamics. Chaos 19: 026108, 2009
30. Deligniéres D, Torre K: Fractal dynamics of human gait: a reassessment of the 1996 data of Hausdorff et al. J Appl Physiol 106: 1272-1279, 2009
31. Hausdorff JM, Mitchell SL, Firtion R, Peng CK, Cudkowicz ME, et al: Altered fractal dynamics of gait: reduced stride-interval correlations with aging and Huntington's disease. J Appl Physiol 82: 262-269, 1997 (Pubitemid 27052070)
32. Maki BE: Gait changes in older adults: predictors of falls or indicators of fear. J Am Geriatr Soc 45: 313-320, 1997
33. Hausdorff JM, Edelberg HK, Mitchell SL, Goldberger AL, Wei JY: Increased gait unsteadiness in community-dwelling elderly fallers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 78: 278-283, 1997 (Pubitemid 27120262)
34. Hausdorff JM, Rios D, Edelberg HK: Gait variability and fall risk in community-living older adults: a 1-year prospective study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82: 1050-1056, 2001
35. Springer S, Giladi N, Peretz C, Yogev G, Simon ES, et al: Dual-tasking effects on gait variability: the role of aging, falls, and executive function. Mov Disord 21: 950-957, 2006
36. Grabiner MD, Troy KL: Attention demanding tasks during treadmill walking reduce step width variability in young adults. J Neuroengineering Rehabil 2: 25, 2005
37. Hausdorff JM: Gait dynamics, fractals and falls: finding meaning in the stride-to-stride fluctuations of human walking. Hum Mov Sci 26: 555-589, 2007
38. AGS Guidelines: Guideline for the prevention of falls in older persons. American Geriatrics Society, British Geriatrics Society, and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Panel on Falls Prevention. J Am Geriatr Soc 49: 664-672, 2001
39. Morris JC, Rubin EH, Morris EJ, Mandel SA: Senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type: an important risk factor for serious falls. J Gerontol 42: 412-417, 1987 (Pubitemid 17103783)
40. Koutsavlis AT, Wolfson C: Elements of mobility as predictors of survival in elderly patients with dementia: findings from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Chronic Dis Can 21: 93-103, 2000
41. Weiler I, Schatzker J: Hip fractures and Alzheimer's disease in elderly institutionalized Canadians. Ann Epidemiol 14: 319-324, 2004
42. Lundin-Olsson L, Nyberg L, Gustafson Y: "Sops walking when talking" as a predictor of falls in elderly people. Lancet 349: 617, 1997
43. Weeks DL, Forget R, Mouchnino L, Gravel D, Bourbonnais D: Interaction between attention demanding motor and cognitive tasks and static postural stability. Gerontology 49: 225-232, 2003 (Pubitemid 36693856)
44. Hausdorff JM, Yogev G, Springer S, Simon ES, Giladi N: Walking is more like catching than tapping: gait in the elderly as a complex cognitive task. Exp Brain Res 164: 541-548, 2005 (Pubitemid 41073774)
45. Wollacott M, Shumway-Cook A: Attention and the control of posture and gait: a review of an emerging area of research. Gait Posture 16: 1-14, 2002
46. Sheridan PL, Hausdorff JM: The role of higher-level cognitive function in gait: executive dysfunction contributes to fall risk in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 24: 125-137, 2007 (Pubitemid 47094072)
47. Yogev-Seligmann G, Hausdorff JM, Giladi N: The role of executive function and attention in gait. Mov Disord 23: 329-342, 2008
48. Marquis S, Moore MM, Howieson DB, Sexton G, Payami H, et al: Independent predictors of cognitive decline in healthy elderly persons. Arch Neurol 347: 1761-1768, 2002
49. Verghese J, Lipton RB, Hall CB, Kulansky G, Katz MJ, et al: Abnormality of gait as a predictor of non-Alzheimer's dementia. N Engl J Med 347: 1761-1768, 2002 (Pubitemid 35375615)
50. Waite LM, Grayson DA, Piguet O, Creasey H, Bennett HP, et al: Gait slowing as a predictor of incident dementia: 6-year longitudinal data from the Sydney older persons study. J Neurol Sci 229: 89-93, 2005 (Pubitemid 40341570)
51. Verghese J, Wang C, Holtzer R, Lipton R, Xue X: Quantitative gait dysfunction and risk of cognitive decline and dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78: 929-935, 2007 (Pubitemid 47310826)
52. Yaffe K, Barnes D, Nevitt M, Lui LY, Covinski K: A prospective study of physical activity and cognitive decline in elderly women: women who walk. Arch Intern Med 161: 1703-1708, 2001 (Pubitemid 32679544)
53. Abbott RD, White LR, Ross GW, Masaki KH, Curb JD, et al: Walking and dementia in physically capable elderly men. JAMA 292: 1447-1453, 2004 (Pubitemid 39258337)
54. Weuve J, Kang JH, Manson JE, Breteler MM, Ware JH, et al: Physical activity, including walking, and cognitive function in older women. JAMA 292: 1454-1461, 2004
55. van Gelder BM, Tijhuis MA, Kalmijn S, Giampaoli S, Nissinen A, et al: Physical activity in relation to cognitive decline in elderly men: the FINE study. Neurology 63: 2316-2321, 2004 (Pubitemid 40024343)