Treatment of congenital malformations

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine

Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 101-112

  Brucker, Sara Yvonne ^a   Rall, Katharina ^a   Campo, Rudi ^b   Oppelt, Peter ^c   Isaacson, Keith ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^b St Jan Kliniek   (Belgium)

^c KEPLER UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Austria)

^d NEWTON WELLESLEY HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Congenital malformation; congenital vaginal agenesis; unicornuate uterus; uterine septate uterus; uterus bicornis; uterus didelphys; vaginal septum

Indexed keywords

GONADORELIN AGONIST; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT;

ABDOMINAL METROPLASTY; ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME; ARTICLE; CONGENITAL MALFORMATION; CONGENITAL VAGINAL AGENESIS; DAVYDOX SURGERY; EXCISION; FEMALE; FEMALE GENITAL TRACT MALFORMATION; FETUS WASTAGE; GRAFT NECROSIS; GRANULATION TISSUE; GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY; HEMATOCOLPOS; HEMATOMETRA; HUMAN; HYSTEROSCOPY; ILEUM; INFERTILITY; LAPAROSCOPIC PERINEAL SIGMOID NEOVAGINOPLASTY; LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; LAPAROTOMY; LONGITUDINAL VAGINAL SEPTUM; MULLERIAN CONGENITAL MALFORMATION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PLACENTA ACCRETA; POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE; PREGNANCY; RECTUM; ROKITANSKY SYNDROME; SIGMOID; SKIN GRAFT; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; TRANSVERSE VAGINAL SEPTUM; TREATMENT INDICATION; URETHRA DILATATION; URETHRA DISEASE; UTERUS BICORNIS; UTERUS DIDELPHYS; UTERUS MALFORMATION; UTERUS RUPTURE; UTERUS SEPTUS; UTERUS SURGERY; UTERUS UNICORNIS; VAGINA; VAGINA APLASIA; VAGINA CANCER; VAGINA DISEASE; VAGINA PAIN; VAGINA RECONSTRUCTION; VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY; VAGINAL TUNNELING; VAGINAL VAULT PROLAPSE; VULVOVAGINOPLASTY;

AMENORRHEA; FEMALE; GYNECOLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; HEMATOCOLPOS; HEMATOMETRA; HUMANS; LAPAROSCOPY; MULLERIAN DUCTS; PREGNANCY; RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES; SKIN TRANSPLANTATION; SURGICAL FLAPS; UTERINE DISEASES; UTERUS; VAGINA;

EID: 79953186634     PISSN: 15268004     EISSN: 15264564     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272472     Document Type: Article

References (138)

1. Byrne J, Nussbaum-Blask A, Taylor W S. et al. Prevalence of Müllerian duct anomalies detected at ultrasound. Am J Med Genet 2000 94 1 9-12 (Pubitemid 30629349)
2. Gupta S, Jain M. Incidental observations during routine laparoscopic sterilisation. J Indian Med Assoc 1998 96 12 365-366 (Pubitemid 128473215)
3. Gutermann M, Tennstedt A, Schreiber D. Malformations of the urogenital system in autopsy material of children. [in German] Zentralbl Allg Pathol 1984 129 3 209-214 (Pubitemid 14029327)
4. Jurkovic D, Gruboeck K, Tailor A, Nicolaides K H. Ultrasound screening for congenital uterine anomalies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997 104 11 1320-1321 (Pubitemid 27485503)
5. Maneschi F, Zupi E, Marconi D, Valli E, Romanini C, Mancuso S. Hysteroscopically detected asymptomatic müllerian anomalies. Prevalence and reproductive implications. J Reprod Med 1995 40 10 684-688
6. Nahum G G. Uterine anomalies. How common are they, and what is their distribution among subtypes? J Reprod Med 1998 43 10 877-887 (Pubitemid 28481080)
7. Oppelt P, Renner S P., Kellermann A et al. Clinical aspects of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuester-Hauser syndrome: recommendations for clinical diagnosis and staging. Hum Reprod 2006 21 3 792-797 (Pubitemid 43372990)
8. Oppelt P, von Have M, Paulsen M et al. Female genital malformations and their associated abnormalities. Fertil Steril 2007 87 2 335-342 (Pubitemid 46176940)
9. Burel A, Mouchel T, Odent S et al. Role of HOXA7 to HOXA13 and PBX1 genes in various forms of MRKH syndrome (congenital absence of uterus and vagina). J Negat Results Biomed 2006 5 4
10. Oppelt P, Strissel P L., Kellermann A et al. DNA sequence variations of the entire anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) gene promoter and AMH protein expression in patients with the Mayer-Rokitanski-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. Hum Reprod 2005 20 1 149-157
11. Wennerholm U B., Bergh C, Hamberger L et al. Incidence of congenital malformations in children born after ICSI. Hum Reprod 2000 15 4 944-948 (Pubitemid 30192750)
12. Haddad B, Louis-Sylvestre C, Poitout P, Paniel B J. Longitudinal vaginal septum: a retrospective study of 202 cases. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1997 74 2 197-199 (Pubitemid 27400145)
13. Carey M P., Steinberg L H. Vaginal dystocia in a patient with a double uterus and a longitudinal vaginal septum. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1989 29 1 74-75 (Pubitemid 19087597)
14. Quint E H., McCarthy J D., Smith Y R. Vaginal surgery for congenital anomalies. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2010 53 1 115-124
15. Heinonen P K. Longitudinal vaginal septum. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1982 13 4 253-258 (Pubitemid 12085621)
16. Paniel B J., Truc J B., Poitout P. 110 cases of longitudinal septa of the vagina. [in French] J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 1985 14 8 1011-1024 (Pubitemid 16132399)
17. Montevecchi L, Valle R F. Resectoscopic treatment of complete longitudinal vaginal septum. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2004 84 1 65-70 (Pubitemid 38064145)
18. Brucker S, Bungartz J, Rall K. Die 3 A (Asymptomatisch, Amenorrhö, Aplasie) der Vaginalaplasie - kein differentialdiagnostisches. Chamäleon Geburtsh Frauenheilk 2009 69 568-575
19. Master-Hunter T, Heiman D L. Amenorrhea: evaluation and treatment. Am Fam Physician 2006 73 8 1374-1382
20. Dennie J, Pillay S, Watson D, Grover S. Laparoscopic drainage of hematocolpos: a new treatment option for the acute management of a transverse vaginal septum. Fertil Steril 2010 94 5 1853-1857
21. Garcia R F. Z-plasty for correction of congenital transverse vaginal septum. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1967 99 8 1164-1165
22. Blanton E N., Rouse D J. Trial of labor in women with transverse vaginal septa. Obstet Gynecol 2003 101 5 Pt 2 1110-1112 (Pubitemid 36566395)
23. Wierrani F, Bodner K, Spängler B, Grünberger W. Z-plasty of the transverse vaginal septum using Garcia's procedure and the Grünberger modification. Fertil Steril 2003 79 3 608-612 (Pubitemid 36293460)
24. Lacy J, Correll G R., Walmer D K., Price T M. Simple vaginal mold for use in the postoperative care of patients with a transverse vaginal septum. Fertil Steril 2007 87 5 1225-1226 (Pubitemid 46659940)
25. Smith N A., Laufer M R. Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome: management and follow-up. Fertil Steril 2007 87 4 918-922 (Pubitemid 46566358)
26. van Bijsterveldt C, Willemsen W. Treatment of patients with a congenital transversal vaginal septum or a partial aplasia of the vagina. The vaginal pull-through versus the push-through technique. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2009 22 3 157-161
27. Paniel B J., Truc J B., Robichez B, Bourgin C, Poitout P. Surgical treatment of congenital transverse septum below the cervix of the vagina. [in French] J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 1984 13 2 189-195 (Pubitemid 14100882)
28. Fritz E B., Carlan S J., Greenbaum L. Pregnancy and transvaginal septation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2002 11 6 414-416 (Pubitemid 34836895)
29. Rock J A., Zacur H A., Dlugi A M., Jones H W. Jr, TeLinde R W. Pregnancy success following surgical correction of imperforate hymen and complete transverse vaginal septum. Obstet Gynecol 1982 59 4 448-451 (Pubitemid 12137202)
30. Templeman C L., Lam A M., Hertweck S P. Surgical management of vaginal agenesis. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1999 54 9 583-591 (Pubitemid 29416176)
31. Edmonds D K. Congenital malformations of the genital tract and their management. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2003 17 1 19-40 (Pubitemid 36526673)
32. Frank R T. The formation of an artificial vagina without operation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1938 35 1053-1055
33. McIndoe A H., Bannister J B. An operation for the cure of congenital absence of the vagina. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 1938 45 490-494
34. Muir T W., Walters M D., Sogame M et al. Surgical management of vaginal vault prolapse in a woman with a neovagina and pelvic kidneys. Obstet Gynecol 2004 104 5 Pt 2 1199-1201
35. Peters W A. III, Uhlir J K. Prolapse of a neovagina created by self-dilatation. Obstet Gynecol 1990 76 5 Pt 2 904-906 (Pubitemid 20370772)
36. Schaffer J, Fabricant C, Carr B R. Vaginal vault prolapse after nonsurgical and surgical treatment of MAAdullerian agenesis. Obstet Gynecol 2002 99 5 Pt 2 947-949 (Pubitemid 34442431)
37. Roberts C P., Haber M J., Rock J A. Vaginal creation for müllerian agenesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001 185 6 1349-1352; discussion 1352-1353
38. Brucker S Y., Gegusch M, Zubke W, Rall K, Gauwerky J F., Wallwiener D. Neovagina creation in vaginal agenesis: development of a new laparoscopic Vecchietti-based procedure and optimized instruments in a prospective comparative interventional study in 101 patients. Fertil Steril 2008 90 5 1940-1952
39. Ratnam S S., Rauff M. Function-saving operations in vaginal atresia. [in German] Gynakologe 1980 13 3 116-119
40. Højsgaard A, Villadsen I. McIndoe procedure for congenital vaginal agenesis: complications and results. Br J Plast Surg 1995 48 2 97-102
41. Lang N, Neef I, Blömer A. Surgical management of vaginal aplasia using mesh grafts. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1973 33 7 560-563
42. Wiser W L., Bates G W. Management of agenesis of the vagina. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1984 159 2 108-112 (Pubitemid 14055437)
43. Alessandrescu D, Peltecu G C., Buhimschi C S., Buhimschi I A. Neocolpopoiesis with split-thickness skin graft as a surgical treatment of vaginal agenesis: retrospective review of 201 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996 175 1 131-138 (Pubitemid 26282218)
44. Garcia J, Jones H W. Jr. The split thickness graft technic for vaginal agenesis. Obstet Gynecol 1977 49 3 328-332 (Pubitemid 8056921)
45. Rotmensch J, Rosenshein N, Dillon M, Murphy A, Woodruff J D. Carcinoma arising in the neovagina: case report and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol 1983 61 4 534-536 (Pubitemid 13158719)
46. Hopkins M P., Morley G W. Squamous cell carcinoma of the neovagina. Obstet Gynecol 1987 69 3 Pt 2 525-527 (Pubitemid 17025956)
47. Guven S, Guvendag Guven E S., Ayhan A, Gokoz A. Recurrence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia in neovagina: case report and review of the literature. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005 15 6 1179-1182 (Pubitemid 43115147)
48. Ashworth M F., Morton K E., Dewhurst J, Lilford R J., Bates R G. Vaginoplasty using amnion. Obstet Gynecol 1986 67 3 443-446 (Pubitemid 16129993)
49. Davydov S N., Zhvitiashvili O D. Formation of vagina (colpopoiesis) from peritoneum of Douglas pouch. Acta Chir Plast 1974 16 1 35-41
50. Adamyan L V., Kulakov V I., Murvatov K D., Zurabiani Z. Application of Endoscopy in Surgery for Malformations of Genitalia. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 1994 1 4, Part 2 S1
51. Höckel M, Menke H, Germann G. Vaginoplasty with split skin grafts from the scalp: optimization of the surgical treatment for vaginal agenesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003 188 4 1100-1102 (Pubitemid 36530071)
52. Akn S. Experience with neovaginal construction using the full-thickness skin graft in vaginal agenesis. Ann Plast Surg 2004 52 4 391-396; discussion 397
53. Yeim Ozgenel G, Ozcan M. Neovaginal construction with buccal mucosal grafts. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003 111 7 2250-2254 (Pubitemid 36676803)
54. Baldwin J F. XIV. The formation of an artificial vagina by intestinal transplantation. Ann Surg 1904 40 3 398-403
55. Bryan A L., Nigro J A., Counseller V S. One hundred cases of congenital absence of the vagina. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1949 88 1 79-86
56. Darai E, Toullalan O, Besse O, Potiron L, Delga P. Anatomic and functional results of laparoscopic-perineal neovagina construction by sigmoid colpoplasty in women with Rokitansky's syndrome. Hum Reprod 2003 18 11 2454-2459 (Pubitemid 37427831)
57. Freundt I, Toolenaar T A., Jeekel H, Drogendijk A C., Huikeshoven F J. Prolapse of the sigmoid neovagina: report of three cases. Obstet Gynecol 1994 83 5 Pt 2 876-879 (Pubitemid 24154866)
58. Matsui H, Seki K, Sekiya S. Prolapse of the neovagina in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. A case report. J Reprod Med 1999 44 6 548-550 (Pubitemid 29293481)
59. Hiroi H, Yasugi T, Matsumoto K et al. Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in a neovagina using the sigmoid colon thirty years after operation: a case report. J Surg Oncol 2001 77 1 61-64 (Pubitemid 32382021)
60. Schouten van der Velden A P., de Hingh I H., Schijf C P., Bonenkamp H J., Wobbes T. Metachronous colorectal malignancies: don't forget the neo vagina. A case report. Gynecol Oncol 2005 97 1 279-281 (Pubitemid 40403713)
61. Froese D P., Haggitt R C., Friend W G. Ulcerative colitis in the autotransplanted neovagina. Gastroenterology 1991 100 6 1749-1752
62. O'Brien B M., Mellow C G., MacIsaac I A., Maher P J., Barbaro C. Treatment of vaginal agenesis with a new vulvovaginoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 1990 85 6 942-948 (Pubitemid 20186685)
63. Vecchietti G. Creation of an artificial vagina in Rokitansky-Küster- Hauser syndrome. [in Italian] Attual Ostet Ginecol 1965 11 2 131-147
64. Vecchietti G. Neovagina in Rokitanksy-Küster-Hauser syndrome. [in Italian] Gynakologe 1980 13 3 112-115
65. Lenzi E. Creation of a neovagina with the abdomino-perineal procedure (Vecchietti method). [in Italian] Minerva Ginecol 1968 20 21 1726-1728
66. Rio F. The neovagina operation using the Vecchietti technic in a subject with the Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. [in Italian] Attual Ostet Ginecol 1968 14 1 45-51
67. Janisch H, Riss P, Schieder K, Rogan A M. Vecchietti's operation for the formation of a neovagina: technic and results. [in German] Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1984 44 1 53-55 (Pubitemid 14224171)
68. Innamorati G, Rendina G M., Rutigliano A. Further contribution to the construction of a neovagina in the Rokitansky-Winckel-Küster-Hauser syndrome (the abdomino-perineal method of Vecchietti). [in Italian] Attual Ostet Ginecol 1968 1 98-110
69. Gauwerky J F., Wallwiener D, Bastert G. An endoscopically assisted technique for construction of a neovagina. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1992 252 2 59-63
70. Gauwerky J F., Wallwiener D, Bastert G. Endoscopically assisted construction of a neovaginasurgical technique and experience. [in German] Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1993 53 4 261-264 (Pubitemid 23136978)
71. Fedele L, Busacca M, Candiani M, Vignali M. Laparoscopic creation of a neovagina in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome by modification of Vecchietti's operation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994 171 1 268-269 (Pubitemid 24254454)
72. Hucke J. Laparoscopic modification of the Vecchietti operation for creation of a neovagina. J Pel Surg 1995 1 191-196
73. Keckstein J, Buck G, Sasse V, Tuttlies F, Ulrich U. Laparoscopic creation of a neovagina: modified Vecchietti method. Endosc Surg Allied Technol 1995 3 2-3 93-95
74. Cooper M J., Fleming S, Murray J. Laparoscopic assisted Vecchietti procedure for the creation of a neovagina. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 1996 22 4 385-388 (Pubitemid 26288338)
75. Bloechle M, Sydow P, Blohmer J U., Schreiner T, Lisse K. Vaginal reconstruction in vaginal aplasia by a Vecchietti modified laparoscopic operationfurther simplification of the method. [in German] Zentralbl Gynakol 1996 118 5 303-306 (Pubitemid 26173774)
76. Fedele L, Bianchi S, Tozzi L, Borruto F, Vignali M. A new laparoscopic procedure for creation of a neovagina in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. Fertil Steril 1996 66 5 854-857 (Pubitemid 26357599)
77. Fedele L, Bianchi S, Berlanda N et al. Neovaginal mucosa after Vecchietti's laparoscopic operation for Rokitansky syndrome: structural and ultrastructural study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006 195 1 56-61 (Pubitemid 43927523)
78. Belleannée G, Brun J L., Trouette H et al. Cytologic findings in a neovagina created with Vecchietti's technique for treating vaginal aplasia. Acta Cytol 1998 42 4 945-948 (Pubitemid 28357157)
79. Hanzal E, Kölbl H, Janisch H. Morphologic and functional long-term results after Vecchietti operation for the formation of a neovagina. [in German] Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1991 51 7 563-568
80. ACOG Committee on Adolescent Health Care. ACOG Committee Opinion. Number 274, July 2002. Nonsurgical diagnosis and management of vaginal agenesis. Obstet Gynecol 2002 100 1 213-216
81. Laufer M R. Congenital absence of the vagina: in search of the perfect solution. When, and by what technique, should a vagina be created? Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2002 14 5 441-444 (Pubitemid 36140195)
82. Barnhart K T., Izquierdo A, Pretorius E S., Shera D M., Shabbout M, Shaunik A. Baseline dimensions of the human vagina. Hum Reprod 2006 21 6 1618-1622 (Pubitemid 44445045)
83. Patton P E., Novy M J., Lee D M., Hickok L R. The diagnosis and reproductive outcome after surgical treatment of the complete septate uterus, duplicated cervix and vaginal septum. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004 190 6 1669-1675 discussion 1675-1678
84. Heinonen P K. Complete septate uterus with longitudinal vaginal septum. Fertil Steril 2006 85 3 700-705 (Pubitemid 43261565)
85. Tomazevic T, Ban-Frangez H, Ribic-Pucelj M, Premru-Srsen T, Verdenik I. Small uterine septum is an important risk variable for preterm birth. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007 135 154-157 (Pubitemid 350181248)
86. Braun P, Grau F V., Pons R M., Enguix D P. Is hysterosalpingography able to diagnose all uterine malformations correctly? A retrospective study. Eur J Radiol 2005 53 2 274-279 (Pubitemid 40143590)
87. Bermejo C, Martínez Ten P, Cantarero R et al. Three-dimensional ultrasound in the diagnosis of Müllerian duct anomalies and concordance with magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010 35 5 593-601
88. Marten K, Vosshenrich R, Funke M, Obenauer S, Baum F, Grabbe E. MRI in the evaluation of müllerian duct anomalies. Clin Imaging 2003 27 5 346-350 (Pubitemid 37025670)
89. Mueller G C., Hussain H K., Smith Y R. et al. Müllerian duct anomalies: comparison of MRI diagnosis and clinical diagnosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007 189 6 1294-1302 (Pubitemid 350174782)
90. Tur-Kaspa I, Gal M, Hartman M, Hartman J, Hartman A. A prospective evaluation of uterine abnormalities by saline infusion sonohysterography in 1,009 women with infertility or abnormal uterine bleeding. Fertil Steril 2006 86 6 1731-1735
91. Litta P, Pozzan C, Merlin F et al. Hysteroscopic metroplasty under laparoscopic guidance in infertile women with septate uteri: follow-up of reproductive outcome. J Reprod Med 2004 49 4 274-278 (Pubitemid 38525187)
92. Hucke J, De Bruyne F. Hysteroskopische Septumdissektion. In: Keckstein J Hucke J eds. Die endoskopischen Operationen in der Gynäkologie. Munich, Germany Urban & Fischer 2000 408-417
93. Colacurci N, de Franciscis P, Mollo A, Mele D, Fortunato N, Zarcone R. Preoperative GnRH analogue in hysteroscopic metroplasty. Panminerva Med 1998 40 1 41-44 (Pubitemid 128527505)
94. Römer T, Schmidt T, Foth D. Pre- and postoperative hormonal treatment in patients with hysteroscopic surgery. Contrib Gynecol Obstet 2000 20 1-12
95. Ludmir J, Samuels P, Brooks S, Mennuti M T. Pregnancy outcome of patients with uncorrected uterine anomalies managed in a high-risk obstetric setting. Obstet Gynecol 1990 75 6 906-910 (Pubitemid 20176752)
96. Maneschi F, Zupi E, Marconi D, Valli E, Romanini C, Mancuso S. Hysteroscopically detected asymptomatic müllerian anomalies. Prevalence and reproductive implications. J Reprod Med 1995 40 10 684-688
97. Raga F, Bauset C, Remohi J, Bonilla-Musoles F, Simón C, Pellicer A. Reproductive impact of congenital Müllerian anomalies. Hum Reprod 1997 12 10 2277-2281 (Pubitemid 27494043)
98. Salim R, Regan L, Woelfer B, Backos M, Jurkovic D. A comparative study of the morphology of congenital uterine anomalies in women with and without a history of recurrent first trimester miscarriage. Hum Reprod 2003 18 1 162-166 (Pubitemid 36138870)
99. Saravelos S H., Cocksedge K A., Li T C. Prevalence and diagnosis of congenital uterine anomalies in women with reproductive failure: a critical appraisal. Hum Reprod Update 2008 14 5 415-429
100. Valli E, Zupi E, Marconi D et al. Hysteroscopic findings in 344 women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2001 8 3 398-401 (Pubitemid 33029051)
101. Raga F, Casañ E M., Bonilla-Musoles F. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in the endometrium of septate uterus. Fertil Steril 2009 92 3 1085-1090
102. Mollo A, De Franciscis P, Colacurci N et al. Hysteroscopic resection of the septum improves the pregnancy rate of women with unexplained infertility: a prospective controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2009 91 6 2628-2631
103. Nawroth F, Rahimi G, Nawroth C, Foth D, Ludwig M, Schmidt T. Is there an association between septate uterus and endometriosis? Hum Reprod 2006 21 2 542-544 (Pubitemid 43159935)
104. Grimbizis G F., Camus M, Tarlatzis B C., Bontis J N., Devroey P. Clinical implications of uterine malformations and hysteroscopic treatment results. Hum Reprod Update 2001 7 2 161-174 (Pubitemid 32208496)
105. Homer H A., Li T C., Cooke I D., Bontis J N., Devroey P. The septate uterus: a review of management and reproductive outcome. Fertil Steril 2000 73 1 1-14 (Pubitemid 30018013)
106. Taylor E, Gomel V. The uterus and fertility. Fertil Steril 2008 89 1 1-16
107. Kupesic S. Clinical implications of sonographic detection of uterine anomalies for reproductive outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001 18 4 387-400 (Pubitemid 32947209)
108. Ban-Frangez H, Tomazevic T, Virant-Klun I, Verdenik I, Ribic-Pucelj M, -Bokal E V. The outcome of singleton pregnancies after IVF/ICSI in women before and after hysteroscopic resection of a uterine septum compared to normal controls. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2009 146 2 184-187
109. Grimbizis G F., Camus M, Tarlatzis B C., Bontis J N., Devroey P. Clinical implications of uterine malformations and hysteroscopic treatment results. Hum Reprod Update 2001 7 2 161-174 (Pubitemid 32208496)
110. Pace S, Cerekja A, Stentella P et al. Improvement of uterine artery Doppler velocimetry indices after metroplasty in arcuate uteri. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007 131 1 81-84 (Pubitemid 46283189)
111. Valli E, Vaquero E, Lazzarin N, Caserta D, Marconi D, Zupi E. Hysteroscopic metroplasty improves gestational outcome in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2004 11 2 240-244 (Pubitemid 38697861)
112. Zlopasa G, Skrablin S, Kalafati D, Banovi V, Lesin J. Uterine anomalies and pregnancy outcome following resectoscope metroplasty. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007 98 2 129-133 (Pubitemid 47042747)
113. Acién P. Reproductive performance of women with uterine malformations. Hum Reprod 1993 8 1 122-126 (Pubitemid 23078038)
114. Heinonen P K., Saarikoski S, Pystynen P. Reproductive performance of women with uterine anomalies. An evaluation of 182 cases. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1982 61 2 157-162 (Pubitemid 12150392)
115. Arora M, Gupta N, Neelam, Jindal S. Unique case of successful twin pregnancy after spontaneous conception in a patient with uterus bicornis unicollis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2007 276 2 193-195 (Pubitemid 47019989)
116. Strassmann P. Die operative Vereinigung eines doppelten Uterus. Zentralbl Gynakol 1907 43 1322-1335
117. Ayhan A, Yücel I, Tuncer Z S., Kiniçi H A. Reproductive performance after conventional metroplasty: an evaluation of 102 cases. Fertil Steril 1992 57 6 1194-1196
118. Borruto F, Fistarol M. Experience with hysteroplasty. Indications, technical references, postoperative and long-term outcome. [in German] Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch 1997 37 1 48-51
119. Candiani G B., Fedele L, Parazzini F, Zamberletti D. Reproductive prognosis after abdominal metroplasty in bicornuate or septate uterus: a life table analysis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990 97 7 613-617 (Pubitemid 20220767)
120. Heinonen P K. Reproductive performance of women with uterine anomalies after abdominal of hysteroscopic metroplasty or no surgical treatment. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 1996 3 17
121. Khalifa E, Toner J P., Jones H W. Jr. The role of abdominal metroplasty in the era of operative hysteroscopy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1993 176 3 208-212 (Pubitemid 23073564)
122. Lolis D E., Paschopoulos M, Makrydimas G, Zikopoulos K, Sotiriadis A, Paraskevaidis E. Reproductive outcome after strassman metroplasty in women with a bicornuate uterus. J Reprod Med 2005 50 5 297-301 (Pubitemid 40696257)
123. Raga F, Bauset C, Remohi J, Bonilla-Musoles F, Simón C, Pellicer A. Reproductive impact of congenital Müllerian anomalies. Hum Reprod 1997 12 10 2277-2281 (Pubitemid 27494043)
124. Ribic-Pucelj M, Cizelj T, Tomazevic T, Vogler A, Tomka M. Surgical treatment of symmetrically developed uterine abnormalities. [in Croatian] Jugosl Ginekol Perinatol 1989 29 5-6 187-189
125. Spirtos N T., Comninos A V. Fertility after operation for uterus bicornis. Reproduccion 1982 6 1 1-7 (Pubitemid 12015661)
126. Zorlu C G., Yalçin H, Ugur M, Ozden S, Kara-Soysal S, Gökmen O. Reproductive outcome after metroplasty. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1996 55 1 45-48 (Pubitemid 26343464)
127. Akar M E., Bayar D, Yildiz S, Ozel M, Yilmaz Z. Reproductive outcome of women with unicornuate uterus. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2005 45 2 148-150 (Pubitemid 40528561)
128. Donderwinkel P F., Dörr J P., Willemsen W N. The unicornuate uterus: clinical implications. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1992 47 2 135-139
129. Fedele L, Zamberletti D, Vercellini P, Dorta M, Candiani G B. Reproductive performance of women with unicornuate uterus. Fertil Steril 1987 47 3 416-419 (Pubitemid 17054210)
130. Maneschi M, Maneschi F, Fucà G. Reproductive impairment of women with unicornuate uterus. Acta Eur Fertil 1988 19 5 273-275 (Pubitemid 19074525)
131. Nahum G G. Rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy. The 20th-century worldwide experience of 588 cases. J Reprod Med 2002 47 2 151-163 (Pubitemid 34204033)
132. Jayasinghe Y, Rane A, Stalewski H, Grover S. The presentation and early diagnosis of the rudimentary uterine horn. Obstet Gynecol 2005 105 6 1456-1467 (Pubitemid 40734284)
133. Liu M M. Unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1994 44 2 149-153 (Pubitemid 24060084)
134. Sönmezer M, Taskin S, Atabekolu C, Güngör M, Unlü C. Laparoscopic management of rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy: case report and literature review. JSLS 2006 10 3 396-399
135. Yahata T, Kurabayashi T, Ueda H, Kodama S, Chihara T, Tanaka K. Laparoscopic management of rudimentary horn pregnancy. A case report. J Reprod Med 1998 43 3 223-226 (Pubitemid 28169292)
136. Sefrioui O, Azyez M, Babahabib A, Kaanane F, Matar N. Pregnancy in rudimentary uterine horn: diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. [in French] Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2004 32 4 308-310 (Pubitemid 38529828)
137. O'Leary J L., O'Leary J A. Rudimentary horn pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1963 22 371-375
138. Samuels T A., Awonuga A. Second-trimester rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy: rupture after labor induction with misoprostol. Obstet Gynecol 2005 106 5 Pt 2 1160-1162 (Pubitemid 41532865)