The idealized cultural identities model on help-seeking and child sexual abuse: A conceptual model for contextualizing perceptions and experiences of South Asian Americans

Journal of Child Sexual Abuse

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 218-243

  Kanukollu, Shanta N ^a   Mahalingam, Ramaswami ^b  

^a ADLER SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

child sexual abuse; gender; model minority; social marginality

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASIAN AMERICAN; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CHILD; CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE; CHILD WELFARE; CULTURAL FACTOR; ETHNOLOGY; HUMAN; MIDDLE AGED; MIGRATION; MINORITY GROUP; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PERCEPTION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; SOUTHEAST ASIA; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; ASIA, SOUTHEASTERN; ASIAN AMERICANS; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CHILD; CHILD ABUSE, SEXUAL; CHILD WELFARE; CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; EMIGRANTS AND IMMIGRANTS; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; MINORITY GROUPS; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PATIENT ACCEPTANCE OF HEALTH CARE; SOCIAL PERCEPTION; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79953168811     PISSN: 10538712     EISSN: 15470679     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2011.556571     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Abraham, M. (2006). Model minority and marital violence. In R. Mahalingam (Ed.), Cultural psychology of immigrants (pp. 197-216). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
2. Almeida, R., & Dolan-Delvecchio, K. (1999). Addressing culture in batterer's intervention. Violence Against Women, 5(6), 654-683.
3. American Psychological Association. (2011). Understanding child sexual abuse: Education, prevention, and recovery. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ pubs/info/brochures/sex-abuse.aspx
4. Antonovsky, A. (1956). Toward a refinement of the "marginal man" concept. Social Forces, 35(1), 57-62.
5. Atkinson, D. R., & Gim, R. H. (1989). Asian-American cultural identity and attitudes toward mental health services. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36(2), 209-212.
6. Balan, S., & Mahalingam, R. (2008, May). Super mom: Idealized constructions of motherhood among Indian immigrant professional women in the United States. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of Tamil Studies, Toronto, Canada.
7. Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46, 5-34.
8. Bhatia, S., & Ram, A. (2001). Rethinking "acculturation" in relation to diasporic cultures and postcolonial identities. Human Development, 44(1), 1-17.
9. Briere, J. (2002). Treating adult survivors of severe childhood abuse and neglect: Further development on an integrative model. In J. E. B. Meyers, L. Berliner, J. Briere, T. Reid, & C. Jenny (Eds.), The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (2nd ed., pp. 175-202). Newberry Park, CA: Sage.
10. Broussard, S. D., Wagner, W. G., & Kazelskis, R. (1991). Undergraduate students' perceptions of child sexual abuse: The impact of victim sex, perpetrator sex, respondent sex, and victim response. Journal of Family Violence, 6, 267-278.
11. Browne, J., Misra, J. (2003). The intersection of gender and race in labor markets. Annual Review of Sociology, 29, 487-513. (Pubitemid 37395379)
12. Chen, A. S. (1999). Lives at the center of the periphery, lives at the periphery of the center: Chinese American masculinities and bargaining with hegemony. Gender & Society, 13, 584-607.
13. Cheng, C. (1997). Are Asian American employees a model minority or just a minority? Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 33(3), 277-290. (Pubitemid 127117601)
14. Chew-Graham, C., Bashir, C., Chantler, K., Burman, E, & Batsieer, J. (2002). South Asian women, psychological distress and self-harm: Lessons for primary care trusts.Health and Social Care in the Community, 10(5), 339-347. (Pubitemid 36844248)
15. Chin, J. L. (1998). Mental health services and treatment. In L. C. Lee & N. W. S. Zane (Eds.), The handbook of Asian American psychology (pp. 485-504). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
16. Corey, G. (2000). Theory and practice of group counseling (5th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
17. Cromer, L. D., & Freyd, J. J. (2007). What influences believing abuse reports? The roles of depicted memory persistence, participant gender, trauma history, and sexism. Psychology of Women's Quarterly, 3, 13-22.
18. Danieli, Y. (1998). Intergenerational handbook of multigenerational legacies of trauma. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
19. Das, A. K., & Kemp, S. F. (1997). Between two worlds: Counseling South Asian Americans. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 25(1), 23-33. (Pubitemid 127666970)
20. Dasgupta, S. D., & Warrier, S. (1996). In the footsteps of "Arundhati": Asian American women's experience of domestic violence in the United States. Violence Against Women, 2, 238-259. (Pubitemid 126311262)
21. Dhruvarajan, V. (1993). Ethnic cultural retention and transmission among first generation Hindu Asian Indians in a Canadian prairie city. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 24, 63-79.
22. Dion, K. K., & Dion, K. L. (2001). Gender and cultural adaptation in immigrant families. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 511-521. (Pubitemid 33050568)
23. Espin, O. M. (2006). Gender, sexuality, language, and migration. In R. Mahalingam (Ed.), Cultural psychology of immigrants (pp. 241-258). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
24. Espiritu, Y. L. (2001). "We don't sleep around like White girls do": Family, culture and gender in Filipina American lives. Signs, 26, 415-440. (Pubitemid 33784796)
25. Finkelhor, D. (1994). Answers to important questions about the scope and nature of child sexual abuse. The Future of Children, 4(2), 112-116.
26. Fischer, E. H., & Farina, A. (1995). Attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help services. Journal of College Student Development, 36, 368-373.
27. Fischer, E. H., & Turner, J. L. (1970). Orientations to seeking professional help: Development and research utility of an attitude scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35, 79-90.
28. Fiske, S. T. (1993). Controlling other people: The impact of power on stereotyping. American Psychologist, 48(6), 621-628.
29. Fung, K., & Wong, Y. R. (2007). Factors influencing attitudes towards seeking professional help among east and Southeast Asian immigrant and refugee women. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 53(3), 216-231. (Pubitemid 46647918)
30. Gilbert, P., Gilbert, J., & Sanghera, J. (2004). A focus group exploration of the impact of izzat, shame, subordination and entrapment on mental health and service use in South Asian women living in Derby. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 7(2), 109-130. (Pubitemid 38832591)
31. Gilligan, P., & Akhtar, S. (2006). Cultural barriers to the disclosure of child sexual abuse in Asian communities: Listening to what women say. British Journal of Social Work, 36(8), 1361-1377. (Pubitemid 44906076)
32. Glenn, E. N. (1991). Cleaning up/kept down: A historical perspective on racial inequality in women's work. Stanford Law Review, 43, 1333-1356.
33. Gonzales, J. L. (1986). Asian Indian immigration patterns: The origins of the Sikh community in California. International Migration Review, 20, 40-54.
34. Guerrero, L. K., & Andersen, P. A. (2000). Emotion in close relationships. In C. Hendrick & S. S. Hendrick (Eds.), Close relationships: A sourcebook (pp. 171-186). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
35. Haritatos, J. (2005). "Becoming American": The intersections of cultural, ethnic, and gender ideals in predicting levels of perceived stress and mental and physical health among Asian immigrants (unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
36. Heras, P., & Revilla, L. (1994). Acculturation, generational status, and family environment of Filipino Americans: A study in cultural adaptation. Family Therapy, 21, 129-138.
37. Herman, J. L. (1992). Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence- fromdomestic abuse to political terror. New York, NY: Basic Books.
38. Hilton, N. Z., Harris, G. T., & Rice, M. E. (2003). Adolescents' perceptions of the seriousness of sexual aggression: Influence of gender, traditional attitudes, and self-reported experience. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 15(3), 201-214. (Pubitemid 39012857)
39. Hirschman, C., & Wong, M. G. (1986). The extraordinary educational attainment of Asian-Americans: A search for historical evidence and explanations. Social Forces, 65, 1-27.
40. Hudson, V. M., & den Boer, A. M. (2005). Bare branches: The security implications of Asia's surplus male population. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
41. Inman, A. G., Constantine, M. G., & Ladany, N. (1999). Cultural value conflict: An examination of Asian Indian women's bicultural experience. In D. S. Sandhu (Ed.), Asian and Pacific Islander Americans: Issues and concerns for counseling and psychotherapy (pp. 31-41). Commack, NY: Nova Science.
42. Inman, A. G., Howard, E. E., Beaumont, R. L., & Walker, J. (2007). Cultural transmission: Influence of contextual factors in Asian Indian immigrant parents' experiences. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 93-100. (Pubitemid 46058682)
43. Jayakar, K. (1994). Women of the Indian subcontinent. In L. Comas-Diaz & B. Greene (Eds.), Women of color: Integrating ethnic and gender identities in psychotherapy (pp. 161-181). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
44. Kacker, L., Varadan, S., & Kumar, P. (2007): Study on child abuse: INDIA 2007. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Women and Child Development.
45. Kim, C. J. (1999). The racial triangulation of Asian Americans. Politics and Society, 27(1), 105-138.
46. Kim, S., Gonzales, N. A., Stroh, K., & Wang, J. J. (2006). Parent-child cultural marginalization and depressive symptoms in Asian American family members. Journal of Community Psychology, 34(2), 167-182. (Pubitemid 43340728)
47. Kurien, P. (1999). Gendered ethnicity: Creating a Hindu Indian identity in the United States. American Behavioral Scientist, 42(4), 648-670.
48. LaFramboise, T., Coleman, H., & Gerton, J. (1993). Psychological impact of biculturalism: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 395-412.
49. Leong, F. T. L., & Zachar, P. (1999). Gender and opinions about mental illness as predictors of attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 27(1), 123-132.
50. Lin, Y. N. (2002). The application of cognitive-behavioral therapy to counseling Chinese. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 56(1), 46-58.
51. Mahalingam, R. (2006). Cultural psychology of immigrants: An introduction. In R. Mahalingam (Ed.), Cultural psychology of immigrants (pp. 1-14). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
52. Mahalingam, R. (2007). Beliefs about chastity, machismo, and caste identity: A cultural psychology perspective. Sex Roles, 56(3-4), 239-249.
53. Mahalingam, R., & Haritatos, J. (2006). Culture, gender and immigration. In R. Mahalingam (Ed.), Cultural psychology of immigrants (pp. 259-278). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
54. Mahalingam, R., & Haritatos, J. (2007). Model minority scale. Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
55. Mahalingam, R., & Jackson, B. (2007). Idealized cultural beliefs about gender: Implications for mental health. Social Epidemiology and Social Psychiatry, 42, 1012-1023. (Pubitemid 350245947)
56. Mahalingam, R., & Leu, J. (2005). Culture, essentialism, immigration and representations of gender. Theory & Psychology, 15(6), 841-862.
57. Mahalingam, R., Philip, C., & Balan, S. (2006). Cultural psychology and marginality: Exploring the immigrant psychology of Indian diaspora. In R. Mahalingam (Ed.), Cultural psychology of immigrants (pp. 151-166). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
58. Mullen, B. (2001). Ethnophaulisms for ethnic immigrant groups. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3), 457-475. (Pubitemid 33050565)
59. NGO's Coalition on Child Rights-North West Frontier Province. (1999). Community perceptions of male child sexual abuse in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan. Retrieved from http://www.crin.org/docs/resources/ publications/sexabuse1.pdf
60. Neighbors, H. W., & Howard, C. S. (1987). Sex differences in professional helpseeking among adult Black Americans. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15, 403-417.
61. Ong, A. (1999). Cultural citizenship as subject making: Immigrants negotiate racial and cultural boundaries in the United States. In R. D. Torres, L. F. Miron, & J. X. Inda (Eds.), Race, ethnicity and citizenship: A reader (pp. 262-294). Oxford, England: Blackwell.
62. Ortner, S. (1974). Is male to female as nature is to culture? In M. Rosaldo & L. Lamphere (Eds.), Woman, culture and society (pp. 67-88). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
63. Panigrahi, L. (1972). British social policy and female infanticide in India. Pacific Affairs, 47(1), 98-99.
64. Park, R. E. (1928). Human migration and the marginal man. The American Journal of Sociology, 33, 881-893.
65. Paternostro, S. (1998). In the land of God and man: Confronting our sexual culture. New York, NY: Dutton.
66. Pedraza, S. (2006). Assimilation or transnationalism? Conceptual models of the immigrant experience in America. In R. Mahalingam (Ed.), Cultural psychology of immigrants (pp. 33-54). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
67. Pereda, N., Guilera, G., Forns, M., & Gomez-Benito, J. (2009). The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(4), 328-338.
68. Pessar, P. R. (1999). Engendering migration studies: The case of new immigrants in the United States. American Behavioral Scientist, 42, 577-600.
69. Petersen, W. (1966, December 26). Success story of one minority group in the U.S. U.S. News & World Report, 73-78.
70. Phinney, J. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 499-514.
71. Phinney, J. (1996). When we talk about American ethnic groups, what do we mean? American Psychologist, 51, 918-927. (Pubitemid 126418014)
72. Prathikanti, S. (1997). East Indian American families. In E. Lee (Ed.), Working with Asian Americans: A guide for clinicians (pp. 79-100). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
73. Purkayasta, B. (2005). Skilled migration and cumulative disadvantage: The case of highly qualified Asian Indian immigrant women in the US. Geoforum, 36, 181-196.
74. Ramisetty-Mikler, S. (1993). Asian Indian immigrants in American and sociocultural issues in counseling. The Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 21, 36-49.
75. Reeder, B. L., & Heppner, P. P. (1985). Personal problem-solving activities of Black university students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 13, 154-163.
76. Roland, A. (1996). The influence of culture on the self and self-object relationships: An Asian-North American comparison. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 6, 261-475.
77. Sandhu, D. S. (1997). Psychocultural profiles of Asian and Pacific Islander Americans: Implications for counseling and psychotherapy. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 25, 7-22. (Pubitemid 127666969)
78. Sheu, H. B., & Sedlacek, W. E. (2004). An exploratory study of help-seeking attitudes and coping strategies among college students by race and gender. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 37(3), 130-143. (Pubitemid 39526106)
79. Smith, H. D., Fromuth, M. E., & Morris, C. C. (1997). Effects of gender on perceptions of child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 6(4), 51-63. (Pubitemid 28070075)
80. Sodowsky, G. R., & Carey, J. C. (1988). Relationships between acculturation-related demographics and cultural attitudes of an Asian-Indian immigrant group. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 16, 117-136.
81. Stonequist, E. V. (1935). The marginal man: A study in personality and culture conflict. New York, NY: Charles Scribner.
82. Sue, S., & Morishima, J. K. (1982). The mental health of Asian Americans. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
83. Tata, S. P., & Leong, F. T. L. (1994). Individualism-collectivism, social-network orientation, and acculturation as predictors of attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help among Chinese Americans. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41, 280-287.
84. Thomas, T. N. (1995). Acculturative stress in the adjustment of immigrant families. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 4(2), 131-142.
85. Tummala-Narra, P. (2001). Asian trauma survivors: Immigration, identity, loss, and recovery. Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 3, 243-258.
86. U.S. Census Bureau. (2004). We the people: Asians in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/censr-17.pdf
87. Wong, M. G. (1986). Post-1965 Asian immigrants: Where do they come from, where are they now, and where are they going? Annals of the American Academy of the Political and Social Science, 487, 150-168.
88. Yim, J. (2009). "It is hard to be an Asian man really": Model minority constructions of Asian American masculinities and psychological well-being (unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
89. Yim, J., & Mahalingam, R. (2008, May). Idealized Asian masculinities and psychological well-being. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of Tamil Studies, Toronto, Canada.
90. Yuval-Davis, N., & Anthias, F. (Eds.). (1989). Woman-nation-state. London, England: Macmillan.
91. Ziller, R. C., Stark, B. J., & Pruden, H. O. (1969). Marginality and integrative management positions. Academy of Management Journal, 12, 487-495.