Rock type, precipitation, and the steepness of Himalayan threshold hillslopes

Geological Society Special Publication

Volumn 353, Issue , 2011, Pages 235-249

  Korup, Oliver ^a   Weidinger, Johannes T ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF POTSDAM   (Germany)

^b Erkudok Institute   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEDROCK; EROSION RATE; HILLSLOPE; LANDSLIDE; LITHOLOGY; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); RELIEF; SLOPE ANGLE; STRUCTURAL CONTROL; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; TECTONIC SETTING; TERRAIN; THRESHOLD; THRUST FAULT; UPLIFT;

CHINA; HIMALAYAS; QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU;

EID: 79953125910     PISSN: 03058719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/SP353.12     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Barnard, P. L., Owen, L. A., Sharma, M. C. & Finkel, R. C. 2001. Natural and human-induced landsliding in the Garhwal Himalaya of northern India. Geomorphology, 40, 21-35.
2. Barsch, D. & Jakob, M. 1998. Mass transport by active rockglaciers in the Khumbu Himalaya. Geomorphology, 26, 215-222.
3. Bookhagen, B. & Burbank, D. W. 2006. Topography, relief, and TRMM-derived rainfall variations along the Himalaya. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L08405.
4. Burbank, D. W., Leland, J. et al. 1996. Bedrock incision, rock uplift, and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalaya. Nature, 379, 505-510.
5. Fielding, E. J. 2000. Morphotectonic evolution of the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau. In: Summerfield, M. A. (ed.) Geomorphology and Global Tectonics. Wiley, Chichester, 201-222.
6. Finnegan, N. J. et al. 2008. Coupling of rock uplift and river incision in the Namche Barwa-Gyala Peri massif, Tibet. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 120, 144-152.
7. Fort, M. 2004. Quaternary glaciation in the Nepal Himalaya. In: Ehlers, J. & Gibbard, P. L. (ed.) Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology, Part III. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 261-278.
8. Gabet, E. J., Pratt-Sitaula, B. A. & Burbank, D. W. 2004. Climatic controls on hillslope angle and relief in the Himalayas. Geology, 32, 629-632.
9. Garzanti, E. et al. 2004. Sand petrology and focused erosion in collision orogens: the Brahmaputra case. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 220, 157-174.
10. Godard, V. et al. 2010. Spatial distribution of denudation in Eastern Tibet and regressive erosion of plateau margins. Tectonophysics, 491, 253-274; doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.10.026.
11. Hayakawa, Y. S., Oguchi, T. & Lin, Z. 2008. Comparison of new and existing global digital elevation models: ASTER G-DEM and SRTM-3. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L17404.
12. Heimsath, A. M. & Mcglynn, R. 2008. Quantifying periglacial erosion in the Nepal high Himalaya. Geomorphology, 97, 5-23.
13. Hewitt, K. 1999. Quaternary moraines vs catastrophic rock avalanches in the Karakoram Himalaya, northern Pakistan. Quaternary Research, 51, 220-237.
14. Hodges, K. V. 2000. Tectonics of the Himalaya and Tibet from two perspectives. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 112, 324-350.
15. Korup, O. 2006. Effects of deep-seated bedrock landslides on hillslope morphology, Southern Alps, New Zealand. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, F01018.
16. Korup, O. 2008. Rock type leaves topographical signature in landslide-dominated mountain ranges. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L11402.
17. Korup, O. et al. 2007. Giant landslides, topography, and erosion. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 261, 578-589.
18. Korup, O., Montgomery, D. R. & Hewitt, K. 2010. Glacier and landslide feedbacks to topographical relief in the Himalayan syntaxes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 5317-5322.
19. 10Be from Tibetan bedrock. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 217, 33-42.
20. Lavé, J. & Avouac, J. P. 2000. Active folding of fluvial terraces across the Siwalik Hills, Himalayas of central Nepal. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 5735-5770.
21. Lavé, J. & Avouac, J. P. 2001. Fluvial incision and tectonic uplift across the Himalayas of central Nepal. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 26561-26591.
22. Liu-Zeng, J., Tapponier, P., Gaudemer, Y. & Ding, L. 2008. Quantifying landscape differences across the Tibetan plateau: implications for topographical relief evolution. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, F04018.
23. Marston, R. A., Miller, M. M. & Devkota, L. P. 1998. Geoecology and mass movement in the Manaslu-Ganesh and Langtang-Jugal Himals, Nepal. Geomorphology, 26, 139-150.
24. Montgomery, D. R. 2001. Slope distributions, threshold hillslopes, and steady-state topography. American Journal of Science, 301, 432-454.
25. Montgomery, D. R. & Brandon, M. T. 2002. Topographical controls on erosion rates in tectonically active mountain ranges. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 201, 481-489.
26. Ouimet, W. B., Whipple, K. X. & Granger, D. E. 2009. Beyond threshold hillslopes: channel adjustment to base-level fall in tectonically active mountain ranges. Geology, 37, 579-582.
27. Owen, L. A., Derbyshire, E. & Fort, M. 1998. The Quaternary Glacial history of the Himalaya. Quaternary Proceedings, 6, 91-120.
28. Roering, J. J., Perron, J. T. & Kirchner, J. W. 2007. Functional relationships between denudation and hill-slope form and relief. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 264, 245-258.
29. Schelling, D. 1992. The tectonostratigraphy and structure of the eastern Nepal Himalaya. Tectonics, 11, 925-943.
30. Schmidt, K. M. & Montgomery, D. R. 1995. Limits to relief. Science, 270, 617-620.
31. Schramm, J.-M., Weidinger, J. T. & Ibetsberger, H. J. 1998. Petrologic and structural controls on geomorphology of prehistoric Tsergo Ri slope failure, Langtang Himal, Nepal. Geomorphology, 26, 107-121.
32. Searle, M. P. & Godin, L. 2003. The South Tibetan Detachment and the Manaslu Leucogranite: a structural Reinterpretation and Restoration of the Annapurna-Manaslu Himalaya, Nepal. The Journal of Geology, 111, 505-523.
33. Searle, M. P., Simpson, R. L., Law, R. D., Parrish, R. R. & Waters, D. J. 2003. The structural geometry, metamorphic and magmatic evolution of the Everest massif, High Himalaya of Nepal-South Tibet. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 160, 345-366.
34. Selby, M.J.. 1988. Landforms and denudation in the high Himalaya of Nepal: results of continental collision. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 69, 133-152.
35. Shroder, J. F., Jr. & Bishop, M. P. 1998. Mass movement in the Himalaya: new insights and research directions. Geomorphology, 26, 13-35.
36. Stewart, R. J. et al. 2008. Brahmaputra sediment flux dominated by highly localized rapid erosion from the easternmost Himalaya. Geology, 36, 711-714.
37. Stock, J. D. & Montgomery, D. R. 1999. Geologic constraints on bedrock river incision using the stream power law. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 4983-4993.
38. Tapponier, P. et al. 2001. Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau. Science, 294, 1671-1677.
39. Vance, D., Bickle, M., Ivy-Ochs, S. & Kubik, P. W. 2003. Erosion and exhumation in the Himalaya from cosmogenic isotope inventories of river sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 206, 273-288.
40. Weidinger, J. T. 2006. Predesign, failure and displacement mechanisms of large rockslides in the Annapurna Himalayas, Nepal. Engineering Geology, 83, 201-216.
41. Weidinger, J. T. & Korup, O. 2009. Frictionite as evidence for a large Late Quaternary rockslide near Kanchenjunga, Sikkim Himalayas, India - Implications for extreme events in mountain relief destruction. Geomorphology, 103, 57-65.
42. Whipple, K. X., Kirby, E. & Brocklehurst, S. H. 1999. Geomorphic limits to climate-induced increases in topographical relief. Nature, 401, 39-43.
43. 39Ar thermochronology, and thermal modeling. Tectonics, 25, TC4011.
44. Wyllie, D. C. & Mah, C. W. 2004. Rock Slope Engineering, Civil and Mining. 4th edn. Spon Press, London.
45. Yin, A. 2006. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Himalayan orogen as constrained by along-strike variation of structural geometry, exhumation history, and foreland sedimentation. Earth Science Reviews, 76, 1-131.
46. Zeitler, P. K. et al. 2001. Erosion, Himalayan geodynamics, and the geomorphology of metamorphism. GSA Today, 1, 4-9.