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note
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A note can be added in comparing particle size measured with EXAFS and the more usual TEM technique. We have previously made comparisons during similar (to current ones) CO/NO cycling treatments and found that EXAFS estimation of the particle size can be significantly smaller with respect to those obtained using TEM. TEM yields average particle size estimations of 2.5-3 nm for the 2Pd sample and 3.5-4 nm for the 4Pd case (see ref 2f for further details). However, trends as a function of the Pd loading would be roughly consistent among both techniques if we consider that metal particles below 1 nm likely escape TEM detection. This fact, on the other hand, infers that the difference between EXAFS and TEM measurements has an inherent size-dependence in the size range explored in this work. HXRD may generate an additional estimation of primary particle size. In this case, due to the dynamic, high temperature, in operando experimental conditions, we were unable to adequately handle strain and/or the influence of absorbates in size measurements using either the width and/or the position (d -spacing) of HXRD peaks.
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EXAFS particle size allows an estimation (according to procedures thoroughly described in ref 12 and as it has been exemplified in ref 2f) of the metal dispersion, being 70%/46% for, respectively, 2Pd/4Pd samples. If we arbitrarily add 1 nm to the sizes measured by EXAFS to roughly account for the technique underestimation of the observable, we found a 48%/35% dispersion for, respectively, 2Pd/4Pd samples. Considering the metal loading of each sample, these values give the mentioned difference of ca. 30% (EXAFS size) or 45% (EXAFS size plus 1nm) in (gas phase) available noble metal surface area. So, an estimation of a 30% difference seems conservative for our purposes.
-
EXAFS particle size allows an estimation (according to procedures thoroughly described in ref 12 and as it has been exemplified in ref 2f) of the metal dispersion, being 70%/46% for, respectively, 2Pd/4Pd samples. If we arbitrarily add 1 nm to the sizes measured by EXAFS to roughly account for the technique underestimation of the observable, we found a 48%/35% dispersion for, respectively, 2Pd/4Pd samples. Considering the metal loading of each sample, these values give the mentioned difference of ca. 30% (EXAFS size) or 45% (EXAFS size plus 1nm) in (gas phase) available noble metal surface area. So, an estimation of a 30% difference seems conservative for our purposes.
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